The cooling of devices fabricated from single-crystal silicon to a temperature of 123 K at which its coefficient of thermal expansion passes through zero makes it possible to improve their stability ...and reduce noise. In the temperature range of 100–295 K, the temperature dependences of losses (attenuation) and changes in the resonance frequency of a tuning-fork mechanical resonator fabricated from silicon strips and joined by direct bonding are investigated. It allows the quality of the join to be controlled in a non-destructive way as well as to identify the features of the behavior and changes, which occur at the interface with time.
We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy ...community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and
90
%
credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5–
20
deg
2
requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of
∼
2
of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.
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