The solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) is the key component of the electrochemical electrode as a passivation layer, which enables a long calendar life for commercial applications. However, owing to ...the poor understanding of aqueous SEI in conventional aqueous electrolytes, the adoption of aqueous Li‐ion batteries (ALIBs) has been drastically limited. Herein, the construction of a robust aqueous SEI is successfully demonstrated by introducing a ladderized heterocyclic polymer electrode into a water‐in‐salt electrolyte, leading to ultra‐stable dual‐ion storage with long‐term calendar life. The sophisticated SEI composed of fluorinated/oxygenated species is revealed. Electrochemical and structural analysis confirm that such SEI formation is characterized by a proton co‐intercalation, which consumes the water in the Li+'s solvation shell to trigger the subsequent decomposition of organic anions. This new SEI formation path is expected to broaden the horizons of aqueous SEI and open new avenues for the design of versatile electrode materials for further advances in ALIBs.
With an eye toward grid‐energy storage based on aqueous lithium‐ion batteries, a robust bilayer aqueous solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) is constructed on a ladderized heterocyclic poly(2,3‐dithiino‐1,4‐benzoquinone) electrode, realizing a long−term calendar life over 80 days. The proton co‐intercalation leads to the water elimination path that triggers/accelerates the precipitation and decomposition of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions, and subsequently, forms the SEI.
Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries
In article number 2203532, Jiena Weng, Wei Huang, and co‐workers introduce a robust aqueous solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) for aqueous lithium‐ion batteries (ALIBs), ...using a ladderized heterocyclic polymer electrode. Long–term calendar life is realized over 80 days in a “water‐in‐salt” electrolyte. The proton co‐intercalation is considered to be another water elimination path to trigger the formation of SEI.
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•Ten compounds including betulin were isolated from P. incarnata and elucidated.•Betulin suppressed LPS-induced activation by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines.•Molecular docking ...suggested possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of betulin.•Betulin reduced iNOS expression, prevented JNKs and phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65.
This study aims to investigate active phytochemicals isolated from Pyrola incarnata Fisch. (P. incarnata) and their protection against neuroinflammation induced by LPS. Betulin, accompanied with other 9 compounds, were isolated from P. incarnata and elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (1H-, 13C NMR). ELISA kits and the measurement of NO production based on Griess reaction showed that betulin (5) (250 μg/mL) could suppress LPS-induced activation of microglial cell BV-2 better than others by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) expression and NO production. With the guidance of computer-aided drug design and the analysis of biological experiment, we demonstrated betulin could reduce LPS-induced iNOS expression, prevent JNKs pathways, and down-regulate the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB/p65. In conclusion, betulin isolated from P. incarnata possessed outstanding anti-neuroinflammation potential, presumably related to iNOS expression, JNKs and NF-κB/p65 pathways. Therefore, Pyrola incarnata may be a valuable natural resource and betulin is a potential drug for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders by inhibiting inflammatory mediators.
Liposomes loaded with lactosyl-norcantharidin phospholipid complex (LPC) were prepared, in which soybean phosphatidylcholine was used to improve the liposolubility of lactosyl-norcantharidin ...(Lac-NCTD). The pH-sensitive LPC liposomes (pH-LPC-lips) were obtained by electrostatic adsorption of the carboxymethyl chitosan onto the surface of the liposomes. The in vitro drug release of pH-LPC-lips and LPC-lips was investigated in dissolution media with pH ranging from 1.0 to 8.0. The in vitro antitumor activity and cellular uptake of Lac-NCTD and its liposomes to HepG2 cells were studied. The pH-LPC-lips demonstrated strong cytotoxicity against the cells and easily permeated the cell membrane. The in vivo antitumor activities of Lac-NCTD and its liposomes were evaluated in mice bearing H22 liver tumors. The pH-LPC-lips displayed the best tumor inhibitory effect. The optical imaging results indicated that Cy7- labeled pH-LPC-lips showed excellent hepatocyte specificity in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, pH-LPC-lips can be regarded as liver-targeting agents that combine targeting and active releasing.
In this paper, novel liver-targeting nanoparticles (NPs), lactosyl-norcantharidin (Lac-NCTD)-associated N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) NPs (Lac-NCTD-TMC-NPs), were prepared using ionic cross-linkage. The ...physical properties, particle size, and encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles were then investigated. The continuous line of heterogeneous human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) cell monolayer model was used to study the transport mechanism of Lac-NCTD, and the effects of factors such as time, temperature, pH level, drug concentration, enhancers, and inhibitors. This model was also used to indicate the differences among Lac-NCTD, Lac-NCTD-associated chitosan NPs (Lac-NCTD-CS-NPs), and Lac-NCTD-TMC- NPs in the absorption and transportation of membranes. Drug concentration levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Active transport and paracellular transport were suggested to be both the primary and secondary mechanisms for Lac-NCTD absorption, respectively. Lac-NCTD uptake and absorption were not controlled by pH levels, but were positively correlated to uptake time, and negatively correlated to temperature. The basolateral to apical apparent permeability coefficients (Papps) were higher than those of the apical to basolateral values. The inhibitor of P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 significantly enhanced the uptake amount of Lac-NCTD. Compared with Lac-NCTD, Lac-NCTD-CS-NPs and Lac-NCTD-TMC-NPs significantly enhanced drug absorption. Additionally, the latter exhibited stronger action. Lac-NCTD-NPs could penetrate the plasma membrane of Caco-2 cells and translocate into the cytoplasm and even into the nucleus. Nanoparticles were uptaken into Caco-2 cells through the endocytosis pathway.
Low-grade fly ash (rejected fly ash, rFA), a significant portion of the pulverized fuel ash (PFA) produced from coal-fired power plants and rejected from the ash classifying process, remains unused ...due to its high carbon content and large particle size (>45 μm). But it is thought that the rejected ash may have potential uses in chemical stabilization solidification (S/S) processes which need relatively lower strengths and a lower chemical reactivity. Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) sludge is a by-product of air pollution control equipment in coal fired power plants whose chemical composition is mainly gypsum. As there is no effective usage of both of these two materials, it is of interest to research on the possible activation of rFA using FGD. This paper presents experimental results of a study on the properties of rFA activated by the FGD in rFA-cement pastes. Different percentages of FGD were added into the mix to study the effects of the FGD on the reaction of the rFA blended cement pastes. The results show that FGD takes effect as an activator only at late curing ages. Adding Ca(OH)^sub 2^ enhances the effect of FGD on activating the hydration of rFA. Also, 10% FGD by weight of rFA is the optimal addition in the rFA-cement pastes. The results of the compressive strength measurements correlate well with the porosity results.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Finite element and boundary element models of the standard wheel, damping wheels and S-type damping wheels were established and compared. The radial vibration and axial vibration of the standard ...wheel could be reduced to decrease the vibro-acoustic radiation. Regarding damping wheels and S-type damping wheels, the coupling between the radial vibration and axial vibrations of 1 pitch circle could be reduced to decrease the radiation noise. The vibration acceleration in the tread, rim and web plate was significantly improved after applying damping in the standard wheel. If the web plate was changed into S-type structure, the vibration acceleration of the wheel at three positions was further reduced. The radiation noise of S-type damping wheels was significantly improved. The radiation noise of the web plate was significantly greater than that of the tread, which was caused by the larger radiation area of the web plate.
A supramolecular bottlebrush polymer has been constructed in water through the self-assembly of a rigid electron-deficient building block and an electron-rich monomer which bears two tetraethylene ...glycol chains,driven by CB8-encapsulation-enhanced donor-acceptor interaction.The as-formed supramolecular bottlebrush polymer has been characterized by -1H NMR titration experiment,UV-vis spectroscopy,DLS and 2D -1H NMR DOSY.
Objective. To investigate the changes of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during 21 d head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest and the effect of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in the last week. Method. Twelve ...healthy male subjects were randomly divided into control and LBNP groups, with 6 in each group. All of them were exposed to -6 degrees HDT for 21 d. The LBNP group received -4.0 kPa LBNP training 1 h/d in the last week of HDT while the control group did not. CBF and cerebral vascular resistance were measured by rheoencephalogram in pre-HDT, day 3, 10 and 21 of HDT. Result. In control group, left cerebral I quadrant area and inrush velocity decreased significantly during HDT, and left cerebral delta Gy wave crest height decreased significantly, whereas left cerebral resistance index increased significantly on day 3 and 21 of HDT as compared to those of pre-HDT. In LBNP group, left cerebral I quadrant area decreased significantly, and left cerebral delta Gy wave crest height and inrush velocity tended to decrease on da
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