Effective fault diagnosis has long been a research topic in the prognosis and health management of rotary machinery engineered systems due to the benefits such as safety guarantees, reliability ...improvements, and economical efficiency. This paper investigates an effective and reliable deep learning method known as stacked denoising autoencoder (SDA), which is shown to be suitable for certain health state identifications for signals containing ambient noise and working condition fluctuations. SDA has become a popular approach to achieve the promised advantages of deep architecture-based robust feature representations. In this paper, the SDA-based fault diagnosis method contains three successive steps: health states are first divided into training and testing groups for the SDA model, a deep hierarchical structure is then established with a transmitting rule of greedy training, layer by layer, where sparsity representation and data destruction are applied to obtain high-order characteristics with better robustness in the iteration learning. Validation data are finally employed to confirm the fault diagnosis results of the SDA, where existing health state identification methods are used for comparison. Rotating machinery datasets are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
•Deep neural network is developed for fault diagnosis of typical dynamic systems.•Better robustness is achieved under various working conditions and ambient noise.•The method helps salient fault characteristic mining and intelligent diagnosis.•Validity of the SDA is verified via comparative experiments.
Leukemia cell-intrinsic somatic mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities have been used to define risk categories in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In addition, since the immune microenvironment might ...influence prognosis and somatic mutations have been demonstrated to modulate the immune microenvironment in AML, there is need for developing and evaluating an immune prognostic model (IPM) derived from mutations associated with poor prognosis. Based on AML cases with intermediate and adverse-cytogenetic risk in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, 64 immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among patients with RUNX1, TP53, or ASXL1 mutations and patients without these mutations were identified. After Cox proportional hazards analysis, an IPM composed of PYCARD and PEAR1 genes was constructed. IPM defined high-risk (IPM-HR) independently predicted lower 2-year overall survival (OS) rates in both patients with intermediate and adverse-cytogenetic risks and non-M3 patients in the TCGA AML cohort. The poor prognostic impact of IPM-HR on OS was further validated by GSE71014, 37642, and 10358 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Furthermore, IPM-HR was remarkably associated with higher proportions of CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), lower proportions of eosinophils, and higher expression of the checkpoint molecules CTLA-4, PD-1, and LAG3 in the TCGA non-M3 AML cohort. In summary, we developed and validated an IPM derived from mutations related with poor prognosis in AML, which would provide new biomarkers for patient stratification and personalized immunotherapy.
With the rising demand for fast-charging technology in electric vehicles and portable devices, significant efforts have been devoted to the development of the high-rate batteries. Among numerous ...candidates, rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are a promising option due to its high theoretical capacity, low redox potential of zinc metal anode and inherent high ionic conductivity of aqueous electrolyte. As the strong electrostatic interaction between Zn
2+
and host generally leads to sluggish electrode kinetics, many strategies have been proposed to enhance fast (dis)charging performance. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art ultrafast aqueous ZIBs and focus on the rational electrode-designing strategies, such as crystal structure engineering, nanostructuring and morphology controlling, conductive materials introducing and organic molecule designing. Recent research directions and future perspectives are also proposed in this review.
SUMMARY
Understanding the genetic basis of population divergence and adaptation is an important goal in population genetics and evolutionary biology. However, the relative roles of demographic ...history, gene flow, and/or selective regime in driving genomic divergence, climatic adaptation, and speciation in non‐model tree species are not yet fully understood. To address this issue, we generated whole‐genome resequencing data of Liquidambar formosana and L. acalycina, which are broadly sympatric but altitudinally segregated in the Tertiary relict forests of subtropical China. We integrated genomic and environmental data to investigate the demographic history, genomic divergence, and climatic adaptation of these two sister species. We inferred a scenario of allopatric species divergence during the late Miocene, followed by secondary contact during the Holocene. We identified multiple genomic islands of elevated divergence that mainly evolved through divergence hitchhiking and recombination rate variation, likely fostered by long‐term refugial isolation and recent differential introgression in low‐recombination genomic regions. We also found some candidate genes with divergent selection signatures potentially involved in climatic adaptation and reproductive isolation. Our results contribute to a better understanding of how late Tertiary/Quaternary climatic change influenced speciation, genomic divergence, climatic adaptation, and introgressive hybridization in East Asia's Tertiary relict flora. In addition, they should facilitate future evolutionary, conservation genomics, and molecular breeding studies in Liquidambar, a genus of important medicinal and ornamental values.
Significance Statement
We assembled a chromosome‐scale genome of Liquidambar formosana and resequenced 160 individuals of L. formosana and its high‐altitude sister species L. acalycina. Benefiting from advanced analytical methods and robust evidence, we found that multiple “genomic islands” mainly evolved as a result of divergence hitchhiking and recombination rate variation, as likely fostered by long‐term refugial isolation and recent differential introgression in low‐recombination genomic regions; and identified some candidate genes associated with climatic adaptation and reproductive isolation.
Summary
To explore the type, prevalence and outcomes in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients with uncommon BCR‐ABL1 transcripts in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), uncommon BCR‐ABL1 ...transcripts were screened in 4750 patients by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and type‐specific real‐time quantitative PCR was regularly performed for molecular monitoring. A total of 19 uncommon transcripts, including e1a2, e1a3, e6a2, e8a2, e12a2, unusual e13a2, e13a3, unusual e14a2, e14a3 and e19a2 were identified in 83 (1·7%) patients. The three most frequent types were e19a2, e13a3/e14a3 and e1a2. Compared with the 571 newly diagnosed CML patients in chronic phase with common e13a2/e14a2 transcripts receiving frontline imatinib therapy, patients with the e19a2 (n = 16) and e1a2 (n = 11) transcripts had significantly reduced probabilities of 1‐year complete cytogenetic response (CCyR, P = 0·0004 and 0·016) and major molecular response (MMR, P = 0·0018 and 0·0035), and patients with the e13a3/e14a3 transcript (n = 10) had significantly increased probabilities of 1‐year CCyR (P = 0·0072) and MMR (P = 0·0073). Patients with the e19a2 transcript had low probabilities of 2‐year event‐free survival (EFS, P = 0·0004) and progression‐free survival (P = 0·0067), and patients with the e1a2 transcript had low probability of 2‐year EFS (P < 0·0001). Therefore, uncommon BCR‐ABL1 fusion transcripts are rare and diverse in patients with CML and may be relevant for TKI therapy outcomes.
We studied the impact of risk stratification–directed interventions for minimal residual disease (MRD) on relapse and disease-free survival (DFS) prospectively in 814 subjects with standard-risk ...acute leukemia receiving allotransplantation in first or second complete remission. A total of 709 subjects were MRD− after transplantation (Group A); 105 subjects were MRD+, 49 received low-dose IL-2 (Group B), and 56 received modified donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) with or without low-dose IL-2 (Group C). Posttransplantation immune suppression for GVHD was also modified based on MRD state. The cumulative risk of relapse was significantly less and DFS was significantly better in subjects in Group C than in subjects in Group B (P = .001 and P = .002, respectively), but was not different from subjects in Group A (P = .269 and P = .688, respectively). Multivariate analyses confirmed that MRD state and modified DLI were significantly correlated with relapse (P = .000, odds ratio OR = 0.255 and P = .000, OR = 0.269) and DFS (P = .001, OR = 0.511 and P = .006, OR = 0.436, respectively). These data suggest that risk stratification–directed interventions with modified DLI in patients with standard-risk acute leukemia who are MRD+ after transplantation may improve transplantation outcomes.
Summary
There is an urgent need for an oral, efficient and safe regimen for high‐risk APL under the pandemic of COVID‐19. We retrospectively analysed 60 high‐risk APL patients. For induction therapy ...(IT), in addition to all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and oral arsenic (RIF), 22 patients received oral etoposide (VP16) as cytotoxic chemotherapy (CC), and 38 patients received intravenous CC as historical control group. The median dose of oral VP16 was 1000 mg interquartile rage (IQR), 650–1250. One patient died during IT in the control group, 59 evaluable patients (100%) achieved complete haematological remission (CHR) after IT and complete molecular remission (CMR) after consolidation therapy. The median time to CHR and CMR was 36 days (33.8–44) versus 35 days (32–42; p = 0.75) and 3 months (0.8–3.5) versus 3.3 months (2.4–3.7; p = 0.58) in the oral VP16 group and in the control group. Two (9.1%) and 3 (7.9%) patients experienced molecular relapse in different group respectively. The 2‐year estimated overall survival and event‐free survival were 100% versus 94.7% (p = 0.37) and 90.9% versus 89.5% (p = 0.97) respectively. A completely oral, efficient and safe induction regimen including oral VP16 as cytoreductive chemotherapy combined with ATRA and RIF is more convenient to administer for patients with high‐risk APL.
Under the pandemic of COVID‐19, an oral, efficient and safe regimen for high‐risk acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) induction therapy is an urgent need. For induction therapy, in addition to all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and oral arsenic (RIF), high‐risk APL was retrospectively analysed by dividing into two cytoreductive groups: the oral etoposide group (the completely oral group) and the intravenous cytoreductive group. The rate of complete haematological remission (CHR), complete molecular remission (CMR) and molecular relapse did not differ between the two groups. The 2‐year overall survival (OS) and 2‐year event‐free survival (EFS) were comparable. Moreover, the completely oral group manifested the same safety as intravenous cytoreductive group.
Introduction
Immune microenvironment plays an important role in the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Studies assessing the prognostic significance of bone marrow (BM) ...lymphocyte subsets' frequencies at diagnosis in patients with AML were limited.
Methods
Fresh BM samples collected from 97 adult AML patients at diagnosis were tested for lymphocyte, T, CD4+T, CD8+T, γδT, NK, and B cell frequencies using multi‐parameter flow cytometry.
Results
Low frequencies of lymphocytes, T, CD4+T, and CD8+T cells were associated with significantly lower rates of one‐course complete remission (CR) (all p < 0.05). Moreover, the frequency of CD4+T cells independently predicted one‐course CR achievement (p = 0.021). Low frequencies of T and CD8+T cells were significantly associated with lower relapse‐free survival (RFS) rates (p = 0.032; 0.034), respectively, and a low frequency of CD8+T cells was associated with a significantly lower overall survival (OS) rate (p = 0.028). Combination of frequency of CD8+T cells and ELN risk stratification showed that patients with ELN‐intermediate/adverse risk + high CD8+T cell frequency had a similar RFS rate to those with ELN‐favorable risk + high CD8+T cell frequency and those with ELN‐favorable risk + low CD8+T cell frequency (p = 0.88; 0.76), respectively. The RFS rate of patients with ELN intermediate/adverse risk + low CD8+T cell frequency was significantly lower than that of all aforementioned patients (p = 0.021; 0.0007; 0.028), respectively.
Conclusion
The frequencies of BM lymphocyte subsets at diagnosis predicted clinical outcomes and could help improve risk stratification in AML.
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