The surface chemistry of solid electrolyte interphase is one of the critical factors that govern the cycling life of rechargeable batteries. However, this chemistry is less explored for zinc anodes, ...owing to their relatively high redox potential and limited choices in electrolyte. Here, we report the observation of a zinc fluoride-rich organic/inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase on zinc anode, based on an acetamide-Zn(TFSI)
eutectic electrolyte. A combination of experimental and modeling investigations reveals that the presence of anion-complexing zinc species with markedly lowered decomposition energies contributes to the in situ formation of an interphase. The as-protected anode enables reversible (~100% Coulombic efficiency) and dendrite-free zinc plating/stripping even at high areal capacities (>2.5 mAh cm
), endowed by the fast ion migration coupled with high mechanical strength of the protective interphase. With this interphasial design the assembled zinc batteries exhibit excellent cycling stability with negligible capacity loss at both low and high rates.
The world’s mounting demands for environmentally benign and efficient resource utilization have spurred investigations into intrinsically green and safe energy storage systems. As one of the most ...promising types of batteries, the Zn battery family, with a long research history in the human electrochemical power supply, has been revived and reevaluated in recent years. Although Zn anodes still lack mature and reliable solutions to support the satisfactory cyclability required for the current versatile applications, many new concepts with optimized Zn/Zn2+ redox processes have inspired new hopes for rechargeable Zn batteries. In this review, we present a critical overview of the latest advances that could have a pivotal role in addressing the bottlenecks (e.g., nonuniform deposition, parasitic side reactions) encountered with Zn anodes, especially at the electrolyte-electrode interface. The focus is on research activities towards electrolyte modulation, artificial interphase engineering, and electrode structure design. Moreover, challenges and perspectives of rechargeable Zn batteries for further development in electrochemical energy storage applications are discussed. The reviewed surface/interface issues also provide lessons for the research of other multivalent battery chemistries with low-efficiency plating and stripping of the metal.Zinc batteries: Improving performance using novel electrolytesUsing novel functional electrolytes to stabilize zinc batteries could help power technology including wearable electronics without the costs and hazards of lithium-ion devices. Jingwen Zhao and Guanglei Cui from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Qingdao review how the performance of zinc batteries, which have high energy storage but unsatisfactory cyclability, can be improved through modified electrolytes that limit unwanted (electro)chemical processes. Especially, a shift from water-based electrolytes towards polymers can tremendously extend zinc battery lifetimes, while simultaneously enabling packaging into devices. Other approaches include coating electrodes with polymers or inorganic materials to encourage uniform zinc deposition during recharging. Electrodes that combine zinc with carbon fibers, or form the metal into 3D sponges, can also ensure reliable recharging.
Pluronic polymers (pluronics) are a unique class of synthetic triblock copolymers containing hydrophobic polypropylene oxide (PPO) and hydrophilic polyethylene oxide (PEO) arranged in the PEO-PPO-PEO ...manner. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and amphiphilic properties, pluronics are an ideal and promising biological material, which is widely used in drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and treatment, among other applications. Through self-assembly or in combination with other materials, pluronics can form nano carriers with different morphologies, representing a kind of multifunctional pharmaceutical excipients. In recent years, the utilization of pluronic-based multi-functional drug carriers in tumor treatment has become widespread, and various responsive drug carriers are designed according to the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, resulting in major progress in tumor therapy. This review introduces the specific role of pluronic-based polymer drug delivery systems in tumor therapy, focusing on their physical and chemical properties as well as the design aspects of pluronic polymers. Finally, using newer literature reports, this review provides insights into the future potential and challenges posed by different pluronic-based polymer drug delivery systems in tumor therapy.
Iron-catalyzed direct C-N bond formation between imidazoles and benzylic hydrocarbons is described. The reaction utilizes an inexpensive iron catalyst-oxidant system that is suitable for the coupling ...of a range of benzylic C-H bonds with various imidazoles.
Highlights
The double-network binder shows excellent adhesive and self-healing abilities, which help suppress electrode volume expansion and stabilize the electrode interface upon cycling.
This ...binder induces a Li
3
N/LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface layer, which can suppress continuous electrolyte decomposition.
Superior electrochemical performance can be achieved in Si/Li half cells and LiNi
0.8
Co
0.1
Mn
0.1
O
2
/Si full cells, even with a high loading of Si electrode.
Silicon (Si) has been regarded as an alternative anode material to traditional graphite owing to its higher theoretical capacity (4200 vs. 372 mAh g
−1
). However, Si anodes suffer from the inherent volume expansion and unstable solid electrolyte interphase, thus experiencing fast capacity decay, which hinders their commercial application. To address this, herein, an endotenon sheath-inspired water-soluble double-network binder (DNB) is presented for resolving the bottleneck of Si anodes. The as-developed binder shows excellent adhesion, high mechanical properties, and a considerable self-healing capability mainly benefited by its supramolecular hybrid network. Apart from these advantages, this binder also induces a Li
3
N/LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface layer, contributing to a superior cycle stability of Si electrodes. As expected, the DNB can achieve mechanically more stable Si electrodes than traditional polyacrylic acid and pectin binders. As a result, DNB delivers superior electrochemical performance of Si/Li half cells and LiNi
0.8
Co
0.1
Mn
0.1
O
2
/Si full cells, even with a high loading of Si electrode, to traditional polyacrylic acid and pectin binders. The bioinspired binder design provides a promising route to achieve long-life Si anode-assembled lithium batteries.
Reactions of 1,3-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate, (HL1(PF
6), L1
=
1,3-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)imidazolylidene) and 1,3-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium ...hexafluorophosphate (HL2(PF
6), L2
=
1,3-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzoimidazolylidene) with cuprous oxide in acetonitrile readily yielded trinuclear complexes Cu
3(L1)
3(PF
6)
3 (
1) and Cu
3(L2)
3(PF
6)
3 (
2). Treatment of
1 with Ni(PPh
3)
2Cl
2 and Pd(cod)Cl
2 gave Ni(L1)Cl(PF
6) (
3) and Pd(L1)Cl(PF
6) (
4), respectively, due to transmetalation. Ni(L1)
2(PF
6)
2 (
5) was obtained from the reaction of Cu
3(L1)
3(PF
6)
3 and Raney nickel in acetonitrile. All these complexes have been fully characterized. Both
1 and
2 consist of a triangular Cu
3 core with each Cu–Cu bond capped by an imidazolylidene group. Each imidazolylidene acts as a bridging ligand in a μ
2 mode and is bonded equally to two Cu(I) ions. The pincer nickel and palladium complexes are square-planar and contain a tridentate NCN ligand. Complexes
3 and
4 are efficient catalyst precursors for Kumada–Corriu and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl halides with organometallic reagents.
Trinuclear copper(I) complexes of 1,3-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)imidazolylidene were obtained from 1,3-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium salts and Cu
2O, and the Cu–NHC complex was employed as carbene-transfer reagent for the preparation of catalytically active nickel(II), palladium(II) complexes.
▪
► Copper, nickel, palladium complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes. ► Copper N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as carbene-transfer reagents. ► Ni–NHC complex as a catalyst for Kumada–Corriu coupling of aryl chlorides. ► Pd–NHC complex as a catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl bromides.
In it together: Thermally stable N,C‐chelate four‐coordinate organoborons were attained by grafting intramolecular B⋅ ⋅ ⋅N coordination into tetraphenylethene‐pyridine and ‐quinoline adducts. They ...exhibit aggregation‐induced emission characteristics (see figure), and high fluorescence quantum yields approaching unity in solid films.
The reaction path of preference on three surfaces
Display omitted
•Cu addition makes CH more easily to be oxidized rather than dissociation.•Introducing Cu can make C more easily to be oxidized than ...that on Ni(111).•Cu6Ni3 surface has the best carbon resistance.
The focus of this paper is to solve the carbon deposition on Ni catalyst during dry reforming of methane (DRM). Cu has shown a great carbon resistance in DRM. Different doping ratio of Cu on Ni(111) surface, Cu1Ni8 and Cu6Ni3, have been studied through density functional theory (DFT), and the same procedure has been proceeded on Ni(111) to compare with. It is found that introducing Cu into Ni(111) surface can weaken the interaction between the surface and the absorbates, thus decrease the energy barrier of CH dissociation. Furthermore, two good linear relationships between the electron transferring from the surface to reactants and the energy barrier of CH dissociation and C2 formation have been discovered. In addition, the adsorption energy and activation energy are obtained, from which the dominated reaction pathway can be deduced. On the three surfaces, the dominated reaction pathways are the same, which can be shown as CH* + O* → HCO* → CO* + H*. However, on the surface of Cu6Ni3, the activation energy of CH oxidation is 0.63 eV, which is almost half the activation energy on the other two surfaces (1.24 eV and 1.24 eV), indicating that the Cu6Ni3 surface has the extraordinary ability of carbon resistance. Nevertheless, when C is formed on the three surfaces, it would accumulate rather than be oxidized, especially on the Cu6Ni3 surface because it has the lowest energy barrier (0.28 eV). In general, Cu6Ni3 surface having the best carbon resistance for CH* is more easily to be consumed through oxidation than through direct dissociation, thus it can be regarded as one of the potential candidates as the catalyst for DRM.
Cancer has become a common disease that seriously endangers human health and life. Up to now, the essential treatment method has been drug therapy, and drug delivery plays an important role in cancer ...therapy. To improve the efficiency of drug therapy, researchers are committed to improving drug delivery methods to enhance drug pharmacokinetics and cancer accumulation. Supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) with well-defined shapes and sizes are formed through the coordination between diverse functional organic ligands and metal ions, and they have emerged as potential components in drug delivery and cancer therapy. In particular, micelles or vesicles with the required biocompatibility and stability are synthesized using SCC-containing polymeric systems to develop novel carriers for drug delivery that possess combined properties and extended system tunability. In this study, the research status of SCC-containing polymeric systems as drug carriers and adjuvants for cancer treatment is reviewed, and a special focus is given to their design and preparation.
PDF
