Background
Oxidoreductive imbalance is a major cause of excessive haemolysis in in vitro conditions. Leucocytes and blood platelets present in red blood cell concentrates (RBCs) are one of the ...sources of free radicals, which have a significant effect on the status of stored erythrocytes. The study objective was to assess the effect of leucoreduction on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant barrier enzymes in RBC.
Study Design and Methods
Red blood cell concentrates units obtained from 10 whole‐blood units were split into two equal units, one of which was leucoreduced on the day of donation. Both units were stored for 35 days. The following markers of oxidoreductive balance were measured on day 0 (donation day) and on storage days 7, 14, 21 and 35: concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of antioxidant barrier components, that is superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase.
Results
Lipid peroxidation in leucodepleted units (LRBC) was slower than that in non‐leucodepleted ones. The analysis of LRBC revealed statistically significant decrease in concentrations of MDA. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were higher throughout the storage period as compared to non‐leucoreduced RBC. Statistically significant differences between RBC and LRBC units were noted throughout the storage in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, and concentrations of K+ ions and free haemoglobin.
Conclusions
Leucoreduction of RBC before storage helps to preserve the activity of antioxidant barrier enzymes in stored RBCs and significantly improves the quality of stored red blood cell components.
Ozonation of human blood increases sphingosine-1-phosphate in plasma Boczkowska-Radziwon, B; Chabowska, A M; Blachnio-Zabielska, A ...
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society,
04/2015, Letnik:
66, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Ozonated blood therapy is used in the treatment of several diseases, including superficial infections, burns, dental and intestinal conditions. Except that, the possibility of using ozone to ...sterilize blood supplies is under promising investigation. However, still little is known regarding the impact of blood ozonation, especially on biologically active serum sphinoglipids. In the present work we sought to investigate the contents of sphingolipids, such as sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P), sphinganine, and ceramide (CER) in the plasma, after immediate and prolonged (1 h) ozonation of human whole blood. For the measurements liquid chromatography hyphenated with the mass spectrometry was applied. We demonstrated that only the content of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the plasma was increased significantly, possibly exerting its beneficial effect for various physiological and clinical events.
Background Bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) still remains a significant problem in transfusion with potential important clinical consequences, including death. The ...International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases, Subgroup on Bacteria, organised an international study on Transfusion‐Relevant Bacteria References to be used as a tool for development, validation and comparison of both bacterial screening and pathogen reduction methods.
Material and Methods Four Bacteria References (Staphylococcus epidermidis PEI‐B‐06, Streptococcus pyogenes PEI‐B‐20, Klebsiella pneumoniae PEI‐B‐08 and Escherichia coli PEI‐B‐19) were selected regarding their ability to proliferate to high counts in PCs and distributed anonymised to 14 laboratories in 10 countries for identification, enumeration and bacterial proliferation in PCs after low spiking (0·3 and 0·03 CFU/ml), to simulate contamination occurring during blood donation.
Results Bacteria References were correctly identified in 98% of all 52 identifications. S. pyogenes and E. coli grew in PCs in 11 out of 12 laboratories, and K. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis replicated in all participating laboratories. The results of bacterial counts were very consistent between laboratories: the 95% confidence intervals were for S. epidermidis: 1·19–1·32 × 107 CFU/ml, S. pyogenes: 0·58–0·69 × 107 CFU/ml, K. pneumoniae: 18·71–20·26 × 107 CFU/ml and E. coli: 1·78–2·10 × 107 CFU/ml.
Conclusion The study was undertaken as a proof of principle with the aim to demonstrate (i) the quality, stability and suitability of the bacterial strains for low‐titre spiking of blood components, (ii) the property of donor‐independent proliferation in PCs, and (iii) their suitability for worldwide shipping of deep frozen, blinded pathogenic bacteria. These aims were successfully fulfilled. The WHO Expert Committee Biological Standardisation has approved the adoption of these four bacteria strains as the first Repository for Transfusion‐Relevant Bacteria Reference Strains and, additionally, endorsed as a project the addition of six further bacteria strain preparations suitable for control of platelet contamination as the next step of enlargement of the repository.
Abstract Background There are a number of reported cases of decompression sickness (DCS) with haemorrhages. These cases have not been sufficiently investigated and thus bleeding complications could ...not be directly correlated to the enhanced fibrinolysis. Objectives The effect of hyperbaric exposition and decompression on the main components of fibrinolytic system has been measured. Methods Two groups of 25 male divers each were subjected to hyperbaric exposures to the pressure of either 400 kPa – group I – or 700 kPa — group II followed by a staged decompression. The divers were monitored for clinical symptoms of DCS and checked for Doppler-detected venous gas bubbles. Venous blood was drawn from divers before exposition and 15 min after decompression. The concentrations and activities of t-PA and PAI-1 as well as concentrations of PAP and alpha2 -antiplasmin and activity of factor XIIa were measured. Results In all groups of divers no cases of DCS as well as detectable gas bubbles were noted. We observed elevated concentration of PAP, decreased concentration of alpha2 -AP, decreased PAI-1 concentration and activity. There were no significant changes in factor XIIa activity as well as of t-PA concentration and activity. Conclusions Hyperbaric exposition and decompression induce activation of fibrinolysis, even in the absence of detectable gas bubbles. Fibrinolytic activity increases mainly due to decrease of PAI-1 concentration and activity. Further clinical trials are necessary for the estimation of the importance of activation of fibrinolysis with decreased level of PAI-1 and alpha2 -AP as a possible risk factor for bleeding in divers.
There are a number of reported cases of decompression sickness (DCS) with haemorrhages. These cases have not been sufficiently investigated and thus bleeding complications could not be directly ...correlated to the enhanced fibrinolysis.
The effect of hyperbaric exposition and decompression on the main components of fibrinolytic system has been measured.
Two groups of 25 male divers each were subjected to hyperbaric exposures to the pressure of either 400 kPa – group I – or 700 kPa — group II followed by a staged decompression. The divers were monitored for clinical symptoms of DCS and checked for Doppler-detected venous gas bubbles. Venous blood was drawn from divers before exposition and 15 min after decompression. The concentrations and activities of t-PA and PAI-1 as well as concentrations of PAP and alpha
2-antiplasmin and activity of factor XIIa were measured.
In all groups of divers no cases of DCS as well as detectable gas bubbles were noted. We observed elevated concentration of PAP, decreased concentration of alpha
2-AP, decreased PAI-1 concentration and activity. There were no significant changes in factor XIIa activity as well as of t-PA concentration and activity.
Hyperbaric exposition and decompression induce activation of fibrinolysis, even in the absence of detectable gas bubbles. Fibrinolytic activity increases mainly due to decrease of PAI-1 concentration and activity. Further clinical trials are necessary for the estimation of the importance of activation of fibrinolysis with decreased level of PAI-1 and alpha
2-AP as a possible risk factor for bleeding in divers.
Blood circulating in extracorporeal circuit of the apheresis sets has a contact with an artificial surface. The data on the influence of plateletpheresis on fibrinolytic activity are very limited and ...difficult to interpret. The aim of our study was to estimate the effect of plateletpheresis on the activation of fibrinolysis. Plateletpheresis was performed in 17 healthy blood donors using continuous‐flow cell separator COM.TEC (Fresenius, Bad Homburg, Germany). Before and after plateletpheresis, blood samples were taken and markers of fibrinolysis (PAP, t‐PA, PAI‐1) as well as factor XII activity have been measured. We observed statistically significant decrease in t‐PA and factor XII activities after plateletpheresis. There were no significant changes in concentrations of t‐PA, PAI‐1 and PAP as well as PAI‐1 activity after plateletpheresis. Plateletpheresis performed by COM.TEC cell separator has very little, if any, effect on the activation of fibrinolysis. The mechanism of the inhibition of t‐PA activity needs further investigations.
Short-term and saturated simulated dives followed by decompression with air, cause a decrease in platelet count and increased activation of fibrinolysis. The aim of this study was to determine ...whether short-term dives with trimix as a breathing mixture induce the activation of platelets, and/or fibrinolysis.
30 male divers were subjected to short-term hyperbaric exposures to 0.7 MPa. Thirty divers used air and then the same divers used trimix as a breathing mixture. Results: The mean platelet count dropped significantly after decompression only in the group breathing air. The number of CD62P positive platelets and the amount of platelet-derived micro particles were statistically significant higher after decompression in both exposures. The number of CD61 positive platelets increased significantly only in the group breathing air. We observed a significant decrease of factor XII and fibrinogen concentrations after decompression only in the group breathing air. A significant increase in the concentration of plasmin-antiplasmin complex in both groups was detected.
Short-term hyperbaric exposure and decompression performed according to current safety standards activates platelets and the fibrinolytic system. Trimix protects divers from a reduction in the amount of platelets, fibrinogen and factor XII in the course of these exposures.
The studies reported were designed to evaluate the effects of ML3000 on platelet aggregation and platelet-induced thrombin generation in human platelet rich plasma and its antithrombotic effect in a ...rat thrombosis model. ML3000 is a potent inhibitor of both COX-1/2 and 5-LOX with demonstrated antiinflammatory activity and a low incidence of GI mucosal injury in animal and human studies.
The antithrombotic activity of ML3000 (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) and aspirin (30 and 100 mg/kg) was measured in the mesenteric venules of rats using the laser-induced thrombus model. Both ML3000 and aspirin, at all doses tested, showed significant antithrombotic activity. The mean number of laser injuries necessary to induce a thrombus that blocked the vessel was 1.93 +/- 0.28 in the control group, 3.3 +/- 0.53, 3.6 +/- 0.14 or 4.07 +/- 0.37 in the groups treated with ML3000 at 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg p.o. and 3.4 +/- 0.55 or 3.9 +/- 0.3 in the groups treated with Aspirin at 30 or 100 mg/kg p.o. The antithrombotic activity in this model was significant up to 12 h post-administration of 100 mg/kg ML3000 or Aspirin. The aggregation inhibiting activity of ML3000 (1-100 microg/ml) and indomethacin (1 microg/ml) was studied using the following inducing agents: ADP (1 and 2 microM), epinephrine (25 and 50 microM), collagen (0.5 and 1 microg/ml), and the thromboxane mimetic U46619 (0.8 and 1.6 microM). Aggregation inhibitory activity was observed with ML3000 in all assays except with the higher concentration of U46619 at 1.6 microM. Indomethacin (1 microg/ml) inhibited aggregation in all assays.
ML3000 has significant antithrombotic activity and a marked platelet aggregation inhibiting effect. Given its demonstrated antiinflammatory activity, platelet function inhibition, and antithrombotic effects along with a lack of effect on the GI mucosa, ML3000 may offer an alternative to the combination of a COX-2 inhibitor and aspirin in arthritis patients at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Smoking is a significant risk factor of cardiac ischaemia. Changes in platelet count, morphology and platelet activation enhance the risk.
The objective of the study was to assess platelet parameters ...in smoking healthy subjects with reference to sex. In the group of women, 27% were smokers, in the group of men--49%. All the subjects were tested for platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), percentage of large platelets (L(PLT)), concentrations of beta-thromboglobulin, sP-selectin (soluble) and thrombopoietin, percentage of reticulated platelets (RP) and absolute count of reticulated platelet.
Lower platelet count (237.00 +/- 39.52 vs 258.34 +/- 40.81 x 10(9)/l, p = 0.0002), higher percentage of reticulated platelets (1.39 +/- 0 .66 vs 1.04 +/- 0.35%, p = 0.04) and higher concentration of sP-selectin (52.66 +/- 18.54 vs 43.94 +/- 17.14 ng/ml, p = 0.03) were observed only in the group of smoking women, compared to non-smokers. In neither of the sexes smoking had an effect on the following parameters: mean platelet volume, percentage of large platelets, concentration of thrombopoietin, absolute count of reticulated platelet and concentration of beta1 -thromboglobulin.
The results allow the hypothesis that women are more sensitive to smoking than men. Platelets in male smokers are less sensitive to smoking--the study showed no significant changes in the parameters.
We have investigated the effect of simulated saturation diving on the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. Thirty-one male divers divided into two groups were tested in ...decompression habitat LSH-200. The first group of 16 divers was subjected to hyperbaric exposure at pressure of 180 kPa with air as a breathing mixture, and the second group of 15 divers, exposed to a pressure of 400 kPa with a heliox breathing mixture (helium-oxygen mixture: pO2, 40 kPa; pN2, 40 kPa; pHe, 420 kPa). The concentrations of tissue factor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, factors XII, X, VII, and I, prothrombin fragment F1 + 2, and thrombin-antithrombin complex as well as platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP) and D-dimers were measured. We did not detect activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway after decompression. There was a statistically significant decrease in platelet counts and factor I, XII and X concentrations after air-diving, and a potent and statistically significant increase of PAP concentration in both groups of divers. We suggest that saturated air or heliox diving followed by decompression have little if any effect on thrombin generation. Saturated air diving, however, may induce a decrease in platelet count and factor XII concentration. The observed elevation of PAP concentrations in both groups of divers suggests possible activation of fibrinolysis. The exact effect of diving and decompression on fibrinolytic system has to be further investigated.
