Teamwork: The dinuclear silver complex Ag2(OTf)2(bp)2 (OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate, bp=bathophenanthroline) catalyzes the intermolecular amination of saturated CH bonds by using PhINNs ...(Ns=p‐nitrosulfonyl) as the nitrene precursor (see scheme). Preliminary investigations suggest that the dinuclear structural motif is crucial to catalytic performance.
In April 2017, surveillance detected a surge in severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Bangladesh. We collected specimens from SARI patients and asymptomatic controls for analysis with ...multipathogen diagnostic tests. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was associated with the SARI epidemic, suggesting that introducing vaccines and empiric antiviral drugs could be beneficial.
To examine stakeholder perspectives on the factors of an effective approach to reduce Q fever risk including disease prevention, and the perceived potential benefits of a One Health framework.
...Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with general practitioners (GPs), veterinarians, government authorities, researchers, and representatives from the farming industry. Transcripts were thematically analysed.
Six major themes were identified as key factors underpinning an effective approach to Q fever: understanding Q fever burden; effective surveillance; the role of general practitioners and other stakeholders; barriers and enablers of vaccination; an integrated approach; and increased Q fever awareness. Most participants perceived GPs to play a central role in disease detection, notification, treatment and prevention through health promotion and vaccination, despite GPs acknowledging limited awareness of Q fever. Participants suggested leadership is required from the Department of Health (DoH) to foster inter‐sectoral communication and collaboration.
A One Health approach holds opportunities for zoonosis prevention. We recommend that medical curricula and professional development be enhanced, zoonosis working group networks strengthened, government‐industry partnerships established, and relevant stakeholders included within an integrated program.
Updating medical curricula, GP professional development programs and inter‐sectoral collaboration led by health departments may reduce Q fever burden.
The burden of Q fever on at risk population groups in Australia is substantial, despite the availability of a vaccine. Our objectives were to: (a) describe the epidemiology of notified Q fever cases ...in South Australia (SA), (b) identify if Q fever infection is associated with occupational exposure, and (c) detect the possible spatial and temporal association of Q fever with livestock density.
Laboratory confirmed Q fever notifications from January 2007 to December 2017 were obtained from the SA Health Department. Q fever notification rates and incidence rate ratios were calculated for gender, notification year, age group, occupation category, and primary exposure suburb. Spatial mapping and analysis of Q fever notifications was undertaken using livestock data, and abattoirs and saleyards located in SA.
During the study period 167 Q fever cases were notified. Males predominated (72%), with higher rates observed in the 21–40year age group (1.52/100,000), and eight cases (5%) reported prior Q fever vaccination. Most frequently listed occupation categories were livestock farmers (35%), and abattoir workers (20%), but in 15% of cases, there was no known occupational risk. Highest notifications (22%) were recorded in the suburb containing an abattoir. The number of goats, cattle and sheep was not associated with Q fever notifications.
Q fever predominance among males in their twenties and thirties may indicate vaccination under-coverage among the young workforce possibly due to high turnover of workers. Q fever among those vaccinated raises concerns about vaccine efficacy or potential waning immunity. Our findings are consistent with previous studies highlighting abattoir workers as a high-risk occupational group because of its transient workforce, and low vaccination coverage. Q fever notifications in SA may be unrelated with spatial livestock density. Further One Health research involving veterinary, public health and environmental data is required.
Unvaccinated animal science and veterinary students are at risk of Q fever, a vaccine-preventable zoonotic disease transmitted from animals to humans. We investigated students' perspectives on Q ...fever prevention using a One Health approach combining animal, human and environmental health. Animal science and veterinary students enrolled at the University of Adelaide in 2019 were invited to participate in an online survey to explore their perceptions about Q fever and prevention strategies. We undertook descriptive analysis and logistic regression. Overall, 46% of students reported little to no knowledge of Q fever. Over three-quarters of students reported transmission of Q fever via aerosol inhalation and animal culling, whilst other modes including sexual transmission between humans (7%) was poorly identified. The majority of students reported exposure to cattle, sheep and goats. Of those who reported vaccination status, 5% veterinary and 61% animal science students were unvaccinated for Q fever. Challenges concerning vaccination included cost, time and access to healthcare with strategies aimed at promoting awareness, improving healthcare access and subsidized and mass vaccination. Knowledge of Q fever among respondents, particularly about disease transmission was suboptimal. As a key principle to One Health approach, adherence to biosecurity guidelines during contact with animals could potentially reduce zoonoses including Q fever transmission. Improving access to Q fever vaccine for unvaccinated students is a priority. Findings underscore that university policy for Q fever vaccination needs to consider subsidized vaccination for both animal science and veterinary students.
Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to measure the patient’s perception of patient centeredness in their consultations for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We also measured consultation ...length and patient enablement.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 months at four primary care clinics at the St. Joseph cluster of the North Central Regional Health Authority (NCRHA) in Trinidad and Tobago. Interviewers timed the consultation and completed post-consultation questionnaires using the Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness (PPPC) questionnaire and the Patient Enablement Index (PEI). The PPPC is a 14-item (each scored 1–4) Likert-scaled instrument. The total score is averaged and a PPPC score of 4 is the maximum. The PEI measures the ability of the patient to cope with life and their disease. The PEI consists of 6 questions scored 0–2, with a maximum score of 12.
Results
There were 180 respondents (response rate = 82.5%). Participants were female (75.6%), aged over 65 years (50.6%), married (51.1%), Indo-Trinidadian (52.2%), and Christian (60.6%). Half achieved a primary school education, and 37.2% secondary. The consultation length ranged between 1.32 and 31.22 min. The average, median and mode of the consultation length were 8.5, 7.74 and 10 min, respectively. The average, median and mode of the measures of patient-centeredness were PPPC (3.67, 3.86 and 4) and PEI score (5.93, 6 and 6). The PPPC average was lower in patients with a stroke (
p
= 0.022), and higher among those with more than 2 consultation interruptions (
p
= 0.015) and those who knew the doctor very well (
p
= 0.015). The PEI score was lower in patients with heart disease (
p
= 0.022). The consultation length was longer in those with tertiary education (
p
= 0.044) and those with two consultation interruptions (
p
= 0.032). PPPC Average and PEI Score correlated well (ρ = 0.408,
p
< 0.001). The consultation length correlated with the PPPC Average (ρ
=
0.168,
p
= 0.025).
Conclusion
Primary Care consultations in this cluster of health centres in NCRHA in Trinidad were often patient centered. The consultation length, patient-centeredness, measured with the PPPC instrument, and patient enablement scores, measured with the PEI instrument, in consultations for NCDs in Trinidad compare favourably with international reports.
A hybrid reinforced composite material which fundamentally contains horticulture squander materials like banana stem outer layer (Musa sepientum) modified to powder form, egg shell modified to fine ...powder ,the said powders (powder have a size in a range of 10 to 50 microns) being mixed in a matrix of bio epoxy resin using a catalyst to effect complete mixing of the said powdered fibers to yield the said hybrid reinforced composite, the said hybrid composite capable of being molded to any geometrical object, the said composite having a low water retention property with retention being in a range of 14-23% with a soaking time of 120 hrs. Before and after chemical treatment in both with and without moisture, the youngs modulus varies from 12321.5241 N/mm2 to 25779.2532 N/mm2 , the flexural values varies from 17.4 N/mm2 to 25.5 N/mm2 ,impact strength varies from 12.6 J to 20.9 J , % of elongation varies from 5.6% to 10.1%. The composite has negligible change in tensile properties up to a load of 270 Kg also flexural properties and impact strength of the composite were not be affected by under moisture conditions.
The goal of this work was to calculate the impact of the delayed neutron precursor drift in fast spectrum Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs) using coupled solutions from the neutronics code PROTEUS and the ...computational fluid dynamics code Nek5000. Specifically, using a multiphysics approach to solve the effective delayed neutron fraction (βeff) or delayed neutron precursor distribution for reactors with flowing fuel salts would provide valuable information for transient simulations and safety assessments. Given the multiple options for the flux solution and geometric resolution/fidelity in PROTEUS, two approaches were developed and applied to various test cases: PROTEUS-NODAL/Nek5000 and PROTEUS-SN/Nek5000. For the former, the precursors are tracked in the built-in precursor drift model in PROTEUS-NODAL, whereas in the latter, Nek5000 directly tracks the precursors. Both approaches were used to solve a single test channel problem and showed excellent agreement in the calculated β
eff
. Separately, a 3D hourglass-shaped core was modeled using the PROTEUS-SN/Nek5000 approach. This problem was designed to demonstrate the capability of the discrete ordinates (S
N
) solver and Nek5000 to model complex core designs with axially varying geometries and the ability for Nek5000 to track the precursors and calculate the resulting β
eff
. In addition, the Nek5000 calculations revealed the presence of recirculation zones in the hourglass design, which could lead to significant temperatures in the fuel salt and surrounding materials. These first coupled solutions show why these approaches may be necessary for not only predicting the precursor drift effect in fast MSRs but also for reactor design and performance assessments.
High spin states of 49V populated through 48Ti(4He, 2np)49V reaction with 48 MeV 4He beam, have been studied using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) facility. The relative intensities, RDCO and ...polarization measurements have been carried out for a few transitions in 49V. The level lifetimes have been extracted for a few negative parity yrast levels using Doppler shift attenuation method. Large basis shell model calculations have been performed to understand the microscopic structure of these levels.
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