is very well-known medicinal plant not only in the Asian hemisphere but also known across the globe for its therapeutic and medicinal benefits. The active moiety of
is curcumin and has gained ...importance in various treatments of various disorders such as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, cancer, obesity, diabetics and wound healing applications. Several techniques had been exploited as reported by researchers for increasing the therapeutic potential and its pharmacological activity. Here, the dictum is the new room for the development of physicochemical, as well as biological, studies for the efficacy in target specificity. Here, we discussed nanoformulation techniques, which lend support to upgrade the characters to the curcumin such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing solubility, modifying metabolisms, and target specificity, prolonged circulation, enhanced permeation. Our manuscript tried to seek the attention of the researcher by framing some solutions of some existing troubleshoots of this bioactive component for enhanced applications and making the formulations feasible at an industrial production scale. This manuscript focuses on recent inventions as well, which can further be implemented at the community level.
The Purpose of this work is to study about the microstructures, mechanical properties and wear characteristics of as cast silicon carbide (SiC) reinforced aluminum matrix composites (AMCs). AMCs of ...varying SiC content (0, 5, 10 and 20wt. %) were prepared by stir casting process. Microstructures, Vickers hardness, tensile strength and wear performance of the prepared composites were analyzed. The results showed that introducing SiC reinforcements in aluminum (Al) matrix increased hardness and tensile strength and 20wt. % SiC reinforced AMC showed maximum hardness and tensile strength. Microstructural observation revealed clustering and non-homogeneous distribution of SiC particles in the Al matrix. Porosities were observed in microstructures and increased with increasing wt. % of SiC reinforcements in AMCs. Pin-on-disc wear test indicated that reinforcing Al matrix with SiC particles increased wear resistance.
Silicon doping is an effective way to modulate the bandgap of graphene that might open the door for graphene to the semiconductor industries. However, the mechanical properties of silicon doped ...graphene (SiG) also plays an important role to realize its full potential application in the electronics industry. Electronic and optical properties of silicon doped graphene are well studied, but, our understanding of mechanical and fracture properties of the doped structure is still in its infancy. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to investigate the tensile properties of SiG by varying the concentration of silicon. It is found that as the concentration of silicon increases, both fracture stress and strain of graphene reduces substantially. Our MD results also suggest that only 5% of silicon doping can reduce the Young's modulus of graphene by ∼15.5% along the armchair direction and ∼13.5% along the zigzag direction. Tensile properties of silicon doped graphene have been compared with boron and nitrogen doped graphene. The effect of temperature, defects and crack length on the stress-strain behavior of SiG has also been investigated. Temperature studies reveal that SiG is less sensitive to temperature compared to free stranding graphene, additionally, increasing temperature causes deterioration of both fracture stress and strain of SiG. Both defects and cracks reduce the fracture stress and fracture strain of SiG remarkably, but the sensitivity to defects and cracks for SiG is larger compared to graphene. Fracture toughness of pre-cracked SiG has been investigated and results from MD simulations are compared with Griffith's theory. It has been found that for nano-cracks, SiG with larger crack length deviates more from Griffith's criterion and the degree of deviation is larger compared to graphene. Fracture phenomenon of pre-cracked SiG and the effect of strain rate on the tensile properties of SiG have been reported as well. These results will aid the design of SiG based semiconducting nanodevices.
Variations of fracture stress and Young's modulus of graphene with the concentration of silicon doping.
The industrial internet of things (IIoT), a leading technology to digitize industrial sectors and applications, requires the integration of edge and cloud computing, cyber security, and artificial ...intelligence to enhance its efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. However, the collection of heterogeneous data from individual sensors as well as monitoring and managing large databases with sufficient security has become a concerning issue for the IIoT framework. The development of a smart and integrated IIoT infrastructure can be a possible solution that can efficiently handle the aforementioned issues. This paper proposes an AI-integrated, secured IIoT infrastructure incorporating heterogeneous data collection and storing capability, global inter-communication, and a real-time anomaly detection model. To this end, smart data acquisition devices are designed and developed through which energy data are transferred to the edge IIoT servers. Hash encoding credentials and transport layer security protocol are applied to the servers. Furthermore, these servers can exchange data through a secured message queuing telemetry transport protocol. Edge and cloud databases are exploited to handle big data. For detecting the anomalies of individual electrical appliances in real-time, an algorithm based on a group of isolation forest models is developed and implemented on edge and cloud servers as well. In addition, remote-accessible online dashboards are implemented, enabling users to monitor the system. Overall, this study covers hardware design; the development of open-source IIoT servers and databases; the implementation of an interconnected global networking system; the deployment of edge and cloud artificial intelligence; and the development of real-time monitoring dashboards. Necessary performance results are measured, and they demonstrate elaborately investigating the feasibility of the proposed IIoT framework at the end.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive cortex and hippocampal neurodegenerative disease which ultimately causes cognitively impaired decline in patients. The AD pathogen is a very complex process, ...including aggregation of Aβ (β-amyloid peptides), phosphorylation of tau-proteins, and chronic inflammation. Exactly, resveratrol, a polyphenol present in red wine, and many plants are indicated to show the neuroprotective effect on mechanisms mostly above. Resveratrol plays an important role in promotion of non-amyloidogenic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein. It also enhances the clearance of amyloid beta-peptides and reduces the damage of neurons. Most experimental research on AD and resveratrol has been performed in many species, both
and
, during the last few years. Nevertheless, resveratrol's effects are restricted by its bioavailability in the reservoir. Therefore, scientists have tried to improve its efficiency by using different methods. This review focuses on recent work done on the cell and animal cultures and also focuses on the neuroprotective molecular mechanisms of resveratrol. It also discusses about the therapeutic potential onto the treatment of AD.
Turmeric, or
Curcuma longa
as it is formally named, is a multifunctional plant with numerous names. It was dubbed “the golden spice” and “Indian saffron” not only for its magnificent yellow color, ...but also for its culinary use. Turmeric has been utilized in traditional medicine since the dawn of mankind. Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, which are all curcuminoids, make up turmeric. Although there have been significant advancements in cancer treatment, cancer death and incidence rates remain high. As a result, there is an increasing interest in discovering more effective and less hazardous cancer treatments. Curcumin is being researched for its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-metabolic syndrome, neuroprotective, and antibacterial properties. Turmeric has long been used as a home remedy for coughs, sore throats, and other respiratory problems. As a result, turmeric and its compounds have the potential to be used in modern medicine to cure a variety of diseases. In this current review, we highlighted therapeutic potential of curcumin and its multiple health benefits on various diseases.
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Natural disasters are frequent phenomena in the coastal regions of Bangladesh, causing significant damage to the coastal community and environment. The present study was conducted in southern coastal ...region of Bangladesh with the aim to explore women׳s preparedness, risk and loss, cultural and conditional behaviour, adaptability and recovery capacity from the natural disasters. During disaster a kind of functional disorder gets created where women had to face challenges different from men. Women have to face loss of livelihood opportunities, deprivation from relief materials, sexual harassment and enjoy little scope of participation in any response or management activities. Likewise, they also suffer from inverse care law after disaster. Contrary to that, disaster also creates a condition to accrue diverse positive and constructive impacts including women׳s transformative role which often do not get reported. Disaster leads the planners to follow not merely the compensatory principle but also restoration and augmentation principles which give more benefits to the low income group of the coast. Nevertheless, in the coast the higher is the loss of property, the lower is the tendency among the dwellers to invest which has a long-lasting effect on capital formation and social development.
Colorectal cancer was inducted in Wister rats using titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO
2
NPs) and dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and treatment using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and curcumin (CUR), individually ...and following a synergistic approach. Compatibility studies are evaluated by using FT-IR spectra analysis, and Vero cell lines as well as HCT-116 cell lines are used for evaluating the synergistic approach. It was then followed by induction of colorectal cancer in rats for 70 days and treatment using 5-FU and CUR with pectin coating (individually and in combination) for 28 days. The reports state that 5-FU and CUR combination was found to be compatible. The synergistic effect was evaluated for1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 2:1 ratio of 5-FU:CUR, where 1:4 ratio shows a CI
50
value of 0.853, selected further for the animal studies. The 1:4 ratio of 5-FU and CUR (50:200) shows to be effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer within 28 days, proven using histopathology report, bodyweight analysis, and hematological reports. 5-FU and CUR (1:4) ratio with pectin coating was proven effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer induced by TiO
2
NPs with DMH and was found to produce a synergistic effect.
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•Molecular dynamics is used to study tensile properties and fracture mechanism of CdSe nanowire.•The effect of temperature, size, loading direction, vacancy defects, and strain rates ...are studied.•Young’s modulus and ultimate strength show inverse relationship with temperature and defects.•The 111 direction shows largest ultimate strength, Young’s modulus, and fracture toughness.•The ultimate strength is more sensitive to Cd vacancy, while the Young’s modulus is to Se vacancy.
Understanding the mechanical properties of cadmium selenium (CdSe) nanowire has received intense research interest due to its versatile application in semiconductor industries. We investigated the tensile mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of zinc-blende CdSe nanowire (NW) through molecular dynamics simulations by considering the effects of temperature variation, NW size, different loading directions, vacancy defects, and strain rates. We found that both ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young’s modulus (YM) linearly decrease with increasing temperature but increase with nanowire cross-sectional area. The 111 -directed CdSe NW shows the largest UTS, YM, and fracture toughness whereas, the lowest values are obtained for 100 direction. The largest failure strain is exhibited by 110 direction. The UTS is found more sensitive in the presence of Cd vacancy, while the YM is more sensitive to the removal of Se atoms. We noticed that at 100 K, the 100 -directed CdSe NW fails along {111} cleavage plane, however, at 600 K, both {111} and {100} cleavage planes activate and cause fracture at a lower strain value. Finally, both the fracture strength and strain increase with the increment in strain rates. The mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of the CdSe NW elucidated in this study will be a guide to design and fabricate CdSe-based optoelectronic and electronic devices.
Recently, substantial development is observed in the area of Internet of Vehicles owing to the application of wireless communication technologies. Majority of these technologies are based on radio ...frequency (RF); however, RF spectra are overly congested and regulated, and hence, insufficient to support massive data traffic in the future. In recent times, optical camera communication (OCC) that uses a light-emitting diode (LED) as a transmitter and a camera as a receiver has been deemed an excellent solution for future intelligent transportation systems. As a communication medium, OCC mostly uses visible light, the spectrum of which is vast, completely free, and unregulated. The current outdoor environment is heavily crammed with LED infrastructures, and most vehicles have built-in cameras, rendering OCC immensely promising. OCC is highly secured, supports mobility, and can achieve an excellent bit-error rate. However, the data rate obtained using OCC is not as high as that obtained using other RF-based systems; therefore, its reliability in fast-changing channels is still under research. This review article discusses the applications of the OCC system in vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure (or vice versa) networks; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first extensive review dedicated to the above topic. Herein, we provide a general overview of OCC standardization in IEEE and ISO in recent years. Then, we explain the general principles of OCC, including channel characteristics, region of interest signaling, and modulation schemes particularly considered in vehicular communications. Additionally, we present a comprehensive overview of the effects of mobility, noise, and interference in OCC. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities in OCC are outlined.
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