In the wake of the Protestant Reformation and the division of Western Christianity into rival religious camps, France descended into religious civil war in the years 1562-1598. The question then was ...how to respond to it. Writing after Spinoza’s championing of freedom of religious thought but before Hobbes’ advocacy of a strong sovereign who would dictate the prayers and forms of religious worship for the nation as a method of avoiding religious conflict, Bodin argued for religious toleration, indeed for a degree of religious toleration that was radical in its day.
Yugoslavia Meier, Viktor
1995, 20050620, 2005-06-20
eBook
Yugoslavia: A History of its Demise is a new history of the disintegration and collapse of the former Yugoslavia. Commencing with the death of Tito, Meier presents an insider's guide to all the ...regions of Yugoslavia, including Macedonia, and in particular, emphasizes the crucial part played by Slovenia before the outbreak of war in 1991. Drawing on official federal and republican archives, but also sources which are not yet officially open for scholarly use, the book covers: * the legacy of Tito's regime * the personalities who dominated the Yugoslav stage during its dismemberment * the military threat against Slovenia in the late 1980s * the attempts to find a peaceful solution * the political conditions in Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina * Western policy towards Yugoslavia's disintegration and terror.
In the years 1936–41, the Croatian Peasant Party, led by Vladko Maček, operated two militias – the Croatian Peasant Defence (HSZ) in the villages and the Croatian Civil Defence in the cities. The HSZ ...was intended to protect Croatian peasants from attacks by Serb Chetniks as well as by communists, and was thus itself a symptom of the lawlessness prevailing in the interwar Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The HSZ also formed part of Maček's efforts to compete with the fascistic Ustaša movement, an armed organization behind the so-called ‘Velebit uprising’ of 1932. Dans les années 1936–41, le Parti paysan croate, dirigé par Vladko Maček, fit fonctionner deux milices: la défense paysanne croate (HSZ) dans les campagnes, la défense civile croate dans les villes. La HSZ était chargée de protéger les paysans croates des attaques des Chetniks serbes, mais aussi des communistes, et constituait en elle-même un symptôme de l'anarchie régnant dans le royaume de Yougoslavie dans l'entre-deux-guerres. La HSZ participait aussi aux efforts de Maček pour constituer avec le mouvement fasciste Ustasa une organisation armée, derrière ce qu'on appelle le ‘Velebit soulèvement’ de 1932. In den Jahren 1936–41 unterhielt die Kroatische Bauernpartei, geführt von Vladko Maček, zwei Militäreinheiten – die Kroatische Bauernwehr (HSZ) in den Dörfern und die Kroatische Bürgerwehr in den Städten. Die HSZ sollte die kroatischen Bauern vor den Attacken der serbischen Tschetniks ebenso wie vor den Kommunisten schützen. Sie war so selbst ein Symptom der Gesetzlosigkeit, die zwischen den Kriegen im jugoslawischen Königreich herrschte. Die HSZ war ausserdem Teil von Mačeks Bemühungen, sich gegenüber der faschistischen Ustaša, einer bewaffnete Organisation, die hinter dem sogenannten ‘Velebit Aufstand’ von 1932 stand, zu behaupten.
Robert M. Hayden has written a very strange book review. In my book, Thinking about Yugoslavia, I discuss 131 books, among other things noting differences in factual accounts, interpretations, and ...moral and empirical frameworks. In his review of my book, Professor Hayden refers to only 7 of the books I discuss and relies on outright falsifications of my views to advance his argument. In fact, nowhere in his review does he demonstrate that any of the works I praise in my book do in fact “violate the principles of social science inquiry,” as he alleges. ...
This article redefining the boundaries of human rights (the case of Eastern Europe). Casting an eye over the region as a whole, however, we may say that there are several areas where human rights are ...in dispute, where the boundaries of human rights are being challenged and redefined: dispute concerning the limits of free speech, raised variously by certain Muslims, by conservatives opposed to gay/lesbian self-expression and by persons concerned about the power of symbols such as the swastika, claims by gays and lesbians to equal treatment with heterosexuals in the areas of partnership, medical consultation, inheritance, and related issues, claims to self determination on the part of a suppressed national group (the case of Kosovo), claims to equal treatment on the part of member of minority group (Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia), and the right to retributive justice (the cases of Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina). The articles collected in this special issue address some of the issues raised here. K. Ngo
Socialist Mavericks Ramet, Sabrina P.
East Central Europe and Communism,
2023
Book Chapter
The communist state that would rule Yugoslavia after 1944 grew out of the anti-Axis Partisan movement headed by Josip Broz Tito, since 1937 head of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY); the ...Partisans had been formed to fight against German Nazi and Italian Fascist occupation of the country. By the beginning of October 1944, the Partisans, benefitting from steady supplies of arms from Great Britain and the United States, which had begun in 1943 and from the Soviet Union beginning in late 1944, had cleared most of Yugoslavia of foreign occupation forces and their domestic collaborators. For Britain, France, and Germany, the Second World War ended on 8 May 1945. From Tito's perspective, the positive value of the Hungarian Revolution in potentially weakening Soviet power was more than offset by the encouragement it might give to Yugoslav discontents.
PDF
