Congenital nevi and fibrolipomatous hamartoma are benign tumors of childhood, the latter being very uncommon. Fibrous hamartoma of infancy typically occurs in <2 years of life. The concurrence of ...these two lesions is extremely rare. We report a case of congenital fibrolipomatous hamartoma and congenital nevus of infancy in a 6-month-old male infant. Clinically, a suspicion of benign versus malignant lesion beneath the giant congenital nevus prompted its surgical removal. The histopathology confirmed it to be a compound lesion with benign melanocytic nevi and fascicles of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm representing hamartoma. Several types of melanocytic combined lesions have been noted with neuroectodermal and mesenchymal components. Sometimes, malignant soft-tissue neoplasm such as liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and ganglioneuroblastoma do occur. This case report highlights the role of prompt surgical excision and histopathological examination.
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•ZnS nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method followed by microwave irradiation.•Increase in the ZnS nanoparticle size with increase in time of irradiation.•Williamson-Hall ...method to find the zero strain crystallite size.•Reduced defect states due to microwave irradiation evidenced by photoluminescence.
In this communication, we report the synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles by chemical precipitation of Zn2+ ions with S2- ions in aqueous solution. Freshly formed ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) in colloidal suspension were microwave irradiated for different time intervals in a domestic microwave oven. Effect of microwave irradiation (MWI) time on microstructure, surface morphology and optical properties of NPs are studied using various characterization tools. The structural analysis confirms the influence of MWI time on cubic and crystalline nature of the samples which are in good agreement with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern. The size of the NPs increased with increase in time of MWI. The size increase is consistent with literature reports that microwave irradiation accelerates not only the nucleation but also crystal growth. The band gap of the material tends to decrease as a function of irradiation time. The role of MWI time on surface defect removing process is also explained in detail.
The effect of processing parameters (rotation speed and traverse speed) on the corrosion behaviour of friction stir processed high strength precipitation hardenable AA 2219-T87 alloy was ...investigated. The results indicate that the rotation speed has a major influence in determining the rate of corrosion, which is attributed to the breaking down and dissolution of the intermetallic particles. Corrosion resistance of friction stir processed alloy was studied by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, salt spray and immersion tests.
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First evidence and the mechanism of formation of closed bilayer structures by a single chain amino acid ionic liquid (IL), L-proline isopropylester laurylsulfate in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ...ILs, is reported. Such ionic self-assemblies are shown to be guided by fine balance of solvophobic effects and ionic arrangements via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.
•Effects of various sacrificial layers on the surface characteristics of SS316LN are examined.•Influence of laser energy and pulse width have been comprehensively studied.•Laser induced texturing in ...111 direction is observed.•Absorbent tape results in no surface damage while simultaneously inducing required surface residual stresses.•XRD and TEM results suggest increased dislocation densities in the laser peened surfaces contributing to lattice microstrain.
Laser shock peening (LSP) has been utilized to modify the surface characteristics of SS316LN plates of 6mm thickness. Laser pulse widths employed are 30ps and 7ns and the laser energy was varied in the range 5–90mJ. Peening was performed in direct ablation mode as well as with various sacrificial layers such as black paint, transparent adhesive tape and absorbing adhesive tape. The surface characteristics were greatly influenced by the type of sacrificial layer employed. The average surface roughness values are about 0.4μm when the black paint and transparent adhesive tape were used as sacrificial layers. In contrast to this, using absorbent adhesive tape as a sacrificial layer has resulted in an average surface roughness of about 0.04μm. Irrespective of pulse durations (30ps or 7ns), absorbent adhesive tape has always resulted in compressive residual stresses whereas other layers appear to be not that effective. In case of 30ps pulse, as the laser energy was increased from 5mJ to 25mJ, there was a texture observed in (111) reflection of X-ray diffractograms and the center of the peak has also gradually shifted to left. X-ray line profile analysis suggests that with the increase in laser energy, lattice microstrain also has increased. This lattice microstrain appears to be resulting from the increased dislocation density in the peened sample as evidenced during transmission electron microscopic investigations. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy performed on peened samples suggests that absorbing adhesive tape brings no surface damage to the samples whereas other sacrificial layers have resulted in some surface damage. Based on all these structural and microstructural details, it is recommended that absorbent tape could be used as a sacrificial layer during LSP process which induces surface residual stresses with no damage to the sample surface.
The present study involved the assessment of cooling severity of molten NaNO
3
–KNO
3
mixtures which are widely used as quench media for austempering and martempering operations. An Inconel probe ...instrumented with thermocouples was quenched in molten NaNO
3
–KNO
3
binary mixtures of varying concentration maintained at different quench bath temperatures. The temperature data acquired at various locations in the Inconel probe during quenching was used to calculate the spatially dependent transient heat flux at the metal–quenchant interface. Two critical points corresponding to peak heat extraction rates during the nucleate boiling stage and transition from boiling to convection stage were identified for each quench medium. The variation of average heat flux and average surface temperature corresponding to these critical points was mapped with variation in bath temperature and composition of the quench medium. AISI 4140 steel probes were quenched in these quench media maintained at 300 and 350 °C. The average hardness values measured in steel probes agreed with the cooling performance of these quench media determined using Inconel probe. The degree of uniformity in heat transfer as indicated by the spatial variation of normalized heat energy decreased with the increase in the concentration of KNO
3
in the quench medium. A mechanism of boiling heat transfer during quenching based on thermochemical decomposition of the salt was proposed.
Social media is an important information source for a growing subset of the population and can likely be leveraged to provide insight into the evolving drug overdose epidemic. Twitter can provide ...valuable insight into trends, colloquial information available to potential users, and how networks and interactivity might influence what people are exposed to and how they engage in communication around drug use.
This exploratory study was designed to investigate the ways in which unsupervised machine learning analyses using natural language processing could identify coherent themes for tweets containing substance names.
This study involved harnessing data from Twitter, including large-scale collection of brand name (N=262,607) and street name (N=204,068) prescription drug-related tweets and use of unsupervised machine learning analyses (ie, natural language processing) of collected data with data visualization to identify pertinent tweet themes. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) with coherence score calculations was performed to compare brand (eg, OxyContin) and street (eg, oxys) name tweets.
We found people discussed drug use differently depending on whether a brand name or street name was used. Brand name categories often contained political talking points (eg, border, crime, and political handling of ongoing drug mitigation strategies). In contrast, categories containing street names occasionally referenced drug misuse, though multiple social uses for a term (eg, Sonata) muddled topic clarity.
Content in the brand name corpus reflected discussion about the drug itself and less often reflected personal use. However, content in the street name corpus was notably more diverse and resisted simple LDA categorization. We speculate this may reflect effective use of slang terminology to clandestinely discuss drug-related activity. If so, straightforward analyses of digital drug-related communication may be more difficult than previously assumed. This work has the potential to be used for surveillance and detection of harmful drug use information. It also might be used for appropriate education and dissemination of information to persons engaged in drug use content on Twitter.
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