The future
Ricochet
experiment aims at searching for new physics in the electroweak sector by providing a high precision measurement of the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CENNS) ...process down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. The experiment will deploy a kg-scale low-energy-threshold detector array combining Ge and Zn target crystals 8.8 m away from the 58 MW research nuclear reactor core of the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble, France. Currently, the
Ricochet
Collaboration is characterizing the backgrounds at its future experimental site in order to optimize the experiment’s shielding design. The most threatening background component, which cannot be actively rejected by particle identification, consists of keV-scale neutron-induced nuclear recoils. These initial fast neutrons are generated by the reactor core and surrounding experiments (reactogenics), and by the cosmic rays producing primary neutrons and muon-induced neutrons in the surrounding materials. In this paper, we present the
Ricochet
neutron background characterization using
3
He proportional counters which exhibit a high sensitivity to thermal, epithermal and fast neutrons. We compare these measurements to the
Ricochet
Geant4 simulations to validate our reactogenic and cosmogenic neutron background estimations. Eventually, we present our estimated neutron background for the future
Ricochet
experiment and the resulting CENNS detection significance. Our results show that depending on the effectiveness of the muon veto, we expect a total nuclear recoil background rate between 44 ± 3 and 9 ± 2 events/day/kg in the CENNS region of interest, i.e. between 50 eV and 1 keV. We therefore found that the
Ricochet
experiment should reach a statistical significance of 4.6 to 13.6
σ
for the detection of CENNS after one reactor cycle, when only the limiting neutron background is considered.
The R
icochet
reactor neutrino observatory is planned to be installed at the Laue Langevin Institute starting mid-2022. Its scientific goal is to perform a low-energy and high precision measurement ...of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering spectrum in order to explore exotic physics scenarios. R
icochet
will host two cryogenic detector arrays: the CryoCube (Ge target) and the Q-
array
(Zn target), operated at 10 mK. The 1 kg Ge CryoCube will consist of 27 Ge crystals instrumented with NTD-Ge thermal sensors and charge collection electrodes for a simultaneous heat and ionization readout to reject the electromagnetic backgrounds (gamma, beta, x-rays). We present the status of its front-end electronics. The first stage of amplification is made of High Electron Mobility Transistors developed by CNRS/C2N laboratory, optimized to achieve ultra-low noise performance at 1 K with a dissipation as low as 15
μ
W per channel. Our noise model predicts that 10 eV heat and 20 eV
ee
RMS baseline resolutions are feasible with a high dynamic range for the deposited energy (up to 10 MeV) thanks to loop amplification schemes. Such resolutions are mandatory to have a high discrimination power between nuclear and electron recoils at the lowest energies.
The intrinsic electronic properties of diamond make it suitable for radiation-hard and very fast detector development with good signal to noise ratios. With the advent of new generations of ion ...accelerators either for physics (nuclear and high energy physics) or medical applications (hadrontherapy and synchrotron radiation radiotherapy) there is a need for a very accurate beam monitoring in high radiation environments. Diamond is particularly suited to these applications. Fast pulse detection mode for time stamp, and current integration mode for operation as beam monitors at high particle rates are targeted. Commercial single-crystal, polycrystalline and heteroepitaxial diamonds produced by Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) method are analyzed and compared by means of X-ray Beam Induced Current (XBIC). Their performance as particle detectors is investigated using a 8.5 keV X-ray photon micro-bunch beam at ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility). This facility provides a focused (~1 μm) pulsed beam (100 ps bunch duration), producing an almost uniform energy deposit along the beam irradiated volume in the detector, therefore closely mimicking the interaction of single charged particles. The XBIC set-up of the ID21 beamline enabled us to draw 2D response maps of detectors with disk- and strip metal contact patterns. Using the pulse-synchronized XBIC measurements, a time resolution of 150 ps RMS and bunch detection efficiency of ~100% were evaluated at the contact strip crossing points of a first prototype polycrystalline beam monitor.
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•Diamond double stripped beam monitor prototypes for hadrontherapy monitoring.•Chemical Vapor Deposited diamond detector performance evaluated under X-rays.•2D current maps evaluated on diamond metallized surface using X-rays micro beams.•Time resolution and bunch detection efficiency at contact strip crossing points.
The MoniDiam project is part of the French national collaboration CLaRyS (Contrôle en Ligne de l’hAdronthérapie par RaYonnements Secondaires) for on-line monitoring of hadron therapy. It relies on ...the imaging of nuclear reaction products that is related to the ion range. The goal here is to provide large area beam detectors with a high detection efficiency for carbon or proton beams giving time and position measurement at 100 MHz count rates (beam tagging hodoscope). High radiation hardness and intrinsic electronic properties make diamonds reliable and very fast detectors with a good signal to noise ratio. Commercial Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) poly-crystalline, heteroepitaxial and monocrystalline diamonds were studied. Their applicability as a particle detector was investigated using α and β radioactive sources, 95 MeV/u carbon ion beams at GANIL and 8.5 keV X-ray photon bunches from ESRF. This facility offers the unique capability of providing a focused (~1 μm) beam in bunches of 100 ps duration, with an almost uniform energy deposition in the irradiated detector volume, therefore mimicking the interaction of single ions. A signal rise time resolution ranging from 20 to 90 ps rms and an energy resolution of 7 to 9% were measured using diamonds with aluminum disk shaped surface metallization. This enabled us to conclude that polycrystalline CVD diamond detectors are good candidates for our beam tagging hodoscope development. Recently, double-side stripped metallized diamonds were tested using the XBIC (X Rays Beam Induced Current) set-up of the ID21 beamline at ESRF which permits us to evaluate the capability of diamond to be used as position sensitive detector. The final detector will consist in a mosaic arrangement of double-side stripped diamond sensors read out by a dedicated fast-integrated electronics of several hundreds of channels.
In the context of online ion range verification in particle therapy, the CLaRyS collaboration is developing Prompt-Gamma (PG) detection systems. The originality in the CLaRyS approach is to use a ...beam-tagging hodoscope in coincidence with the gamma detectors to provide both temporal and spatial information of the incoming ions. The ion range sensitivity of such PG detection systems could be improved by detecting single ions with a 100ps (σ) time resolution, through a quality assurance procedure at low beam intensity at the beginning of the treatment session. This work presents the investigations that led to assessment of the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond detectors performance to fulfill these requirements. A 90Sr beta source, 68MeV protons, 95 MeV/u carbon ions and a synchrotron X-ray pulsed beam were used to measure the time resolution, single ion detection efficiency and proton counting capability of various CVD diamond samples. An offline technique, based on double-sided readout with fast current preamplifiers used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, is also presented. The different tests highlighted Time-Of-Flight resolutions ranging from 13ps (σ) to 250ps (σ), depending on the diamond crystal quality and the particle type and energy. The single 68MeV proton detection efficiency of various large area polycrystalline (pCVD) samples was measured to be >96% using coincidence measurements with a single-crystal reference detector. Single-crystal CVD (sCVD) diamond proved to be able to count a discrete number of simultaneous protons while it was not achievable with a polycrystalline sample. Considering the results of the present study, two diamond hodoscope demonstrators are under development: one based on sCVD, and one of larger size based on pCVD. They will be used for the purpose of single ion as well as ion bunches detection, either at reduced or clinical beam intensities.
Results from a prototype TES detector for the Ricochet experiment Augier, C.; Baulieu, G.; Belov, V. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2023, Letnik:
1057
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) offers valuable sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet experiment will use cryogenic solid-state detectors to perform a ...precision measurement of the CEνNS spectrum induced by the high neutrino flux from the Institut Laue-Langevin nuclear reactor. The experiment will employ an array of detectors, each with a mass of ∼30 g and a targeted energy threshold of 50 eV. Nine of these detectors (the “Q-Array”) will be based on a novel Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) readout style, in which the TES devices are thermally coupled to the absorber using a gold wire bond. We present initial characterization of a Q-Array-style detector using a 1 gram silicon absorber, obtaining a baseline root-mean-square resolution of less than 40 eV.
As nuclear and particle physics facilities move to higher intensities, the detectors used there must be more radiation tolerant. Diamond is in use at many facilities due to its inherent radiation ...tolerance and ease of use. In this article we present our radiation tolerance measurements of the highest quality polycrystalline Chemical Vapor Deposition (pCVD) diamond material for irradiations from a range of proton energies, pions and neutrons up to a fluence of 2×1016particles/cm2. We have measured the damage constant as a function of energy and particle species and compared it with theoretical models. We also present measurements of the rate dependence of pulse height for non-irradiated and irradiated pCVD diamond pad and pixel detectors, including detectors tested over a range of particle fluxes up to 20 MHz/cm2 with both pad and pixel readout electronics. Our test beam results indicate a 2% upper limit to the pulse height dependence of unirradiated and neutron irradiated pCVD diamond detectors leading to the conclusion that the pulse height in pCVD diamond detectors is, at most, minimally dependent on the particle flux.
The future
Ricochet
experiment aims to search for new physics in the electroweak sector by measuring the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering process from reactor antineutrinos with high ...precision down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. While the
Ricochet
collaboration is currently building the experimental setup at the reactor site, it is also finalizing the cryogenic detector arrays that will be integrated into the cryostat at the Institut Laue Langevin in early 2024. In this paper, we report on recent progress from the Ge cryogenic detector technology, called the CryoCube. More specifically, we present the first demonstration of a 30 eVee (electron equivalent) baseline ionization resolution (RMS) achieved with an early design of the detector assembly and its dedicated High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) based front-end electronics with a total input capacitance of about 40 pF. This represents an order of magnitude improvement over the best ionization resolutions obtained on similar phonon-and-ionization germanium cryogenic detectors from the EDELWEISS and SuperCDMS dark matter experiments, and a factor of three improvement compared to the first fully-cryogenic HEMT-based preamplifier coupled to a CDMS-II germanium detector with a total input capacitance of 250 pF. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these results in the context of the future
Ricochet
experiment and its expected background mitigation performance.
We have measured the radiation tolerance of poly-crystalline and single-crystalline diamonds grown by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process by measuring the charge collected before and after ...irradiation in a 50 m pitch strip detector fabricated on each diamond sample. We irradiated one group of sensors with 800 MeV protons, and a second group of sensors with 24 GeV protons, in steps, to protons cm−2 and protons cm−2 respectively. We observe the sum of mean drift paths for electrons and holes for both poly-crystalline CVD diamond and single-crystalline CVD diamond decreases with irradiation fluence from its initial value according to a simple damage curve characterized by a damage constant for each irradiation energy and the irradiation fluence. We find for each irradiation energy the damage constant, for poly-crystalline CVD diamond to be the same within statistical errors as the damage constant for single-crystalline CVD diamond. We find the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 24 GeV protons to be and the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 800 MeV protons to be . Moreover, we observe the pulse height decreases with fluence for poly-crystalline CVD material and within statistical errors does not change with fluence for single-crystalline CVD material for both 24 GeV proton irradiation and 800 MeV proton irradiation. Finally, we have measured the uniformity of each sample as a function of fluence and observed that for poly-crystalline CVD diamond the samples become more uniform with fluence while for single-crystalline CVD diamond the uniformity does not change with fluence.
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