Manual skill degradation is a common problem that production managers face in assembly lines due to frequent changes in batch styles. Since the advancement in automated machinery, reliance on manual ...machines has been reduced. However, due to the high cost of fully automated machinery, it is still not available on a large scale in apparel manufacturing setups as most of the setups are in developing countries. Few related studies regarding the effects of automation on manual skills have been conducted in aviation and other emerging technological advanced fields; little focus was given on the effects of automation in apparel manufacturing. This exploratory study examines automation-induced performance degradation in the apparel production line. Sixty-seven sewing machine operators were initially trained on manual sewing machines to learn a complex production operation. Then, participants were divided randomly into three groups to experience varied amount of automation exposure. The manual machine group (MMG)kept working on the manual machines after the initial training and skill development. In contrast, the automation group (AG) shifted to automated pocket setting machines after skill development. Finally, the refresher training group (RTG) rotated between manual and automated machines after the skill development. The skill retrieval assessment was carried out after six weeks in the production line. The result of an independent t-test showed no significant differences among performances of the three groups after the initial training stage. A significant increase in the average single cycle time (ASCT) and decrease in the right-first-time percent (RFT %) was found in the AG while the ASCT decreased and the RFT% increased among the MMG after the retention interval. The RTG almost maintained its production output and the ASCT due to refresher training drills. Relevance to industry: Production managers usually maintain a skill set among the operators to run the production line smoothly. Therefore, capacity development drills of sewing operators are essential to maintain an efficient required skill set.
In an advanced and dynamic cyber threat environment, organizations need to yield more proactive methods to handle their cyber defenses. Cyber threat data known as Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) of ...previous incidents plays an important role by helping security analysts understand recent cyber threats and their mitigations. The mass of CTI is exponentially increasing, most of the content is textual which makes it difficult to analyze. The current CTI visualization tools do not provide effective visualizations. To address this issue, an exploratory data analysis of CTI reports is performed to dig-out and visualize interesting patterns of cyber threats which help security analysts to proactively mitigate vulnerabilities and timely predict cyber threats in their networks.
Introduction:The occurrence of iatrogenic bile duct injuries is few, however potentially linked to life-threatening complications, particularly following the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
...Aims &Objectives: To evaluate the presentation of post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries in a tertiary care hospital.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was done in the Department of General Surgery at Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi from Nov 2020 to Dec 2021.
Material &Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 15 subjects with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries.All the patients who presented to the emergency department and outdoor were included in the study and had post-cholecystectomy CBD injuries. Laparoscopic and open BDI were classified according to Strasberg classification. In descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation was used, and in qualitative analysis, frequency and percentages were calculated with the help of the SPSS 23 version, a p-value of? 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In our study, 5 (33.3 %) males and 10 (66.7 %) were females, with a mean age of 47.27 ± 4.79. The presentation on the admission of patients was as follows, 3 (20.0 %) patients had biloma, 4 (26.7 %) had jaundice, 2 (13.3 %) had abdominal pain, 1 (6.7 %) had external biliary fistula, 3 (20.0 %) had Biliary peritonitis and 2 (13.3 %) had a fever.
Conclusion: The most common consequence of cholecystectomy was complete resolution, but bile leak and major duct damage cause considerable morbidity, death, and healthcare expenditures. Better outcome was achieved when a nonprimary and skilled hepatobiliary surgeon repaired severe bile duct damage.
Introduction: Gallbladder cancer is more common than any other part of the biliary system. Accounting between 2% and 3% of all cholecystectomies.
Aims &Objectives: To analyze different postoperative ...complications in various stages of operated gall bladder carcinoma.
Place and duration of study: Army Liver Transplant Unit (A.L.T.U.) Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi (P.E.M.H.), from November 2020 to April 2022.
Material & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study looked at all patients diagnosed with gallbladder cancer before surgery or who were subsequently found to have benign gallbladder cancer presenting with intra-luminal lesions and localized or diffuse wall thickening amenable to surgical treatment. A sequential sampling method was used to select the patients. A proforma was developed to streamline the data collection process. The patient's gallbladder cancer was staged using the A.J.C.C.'s Eighth Edition staging system, and the degree of complications was classified using the Clavien-Dindo system. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 23.
Results: A total of 27 patients were included in the study, with male to female ratio of 1:3; and a mean age of 50.1 ± 4.7 years (range 25-70 years). Six patients were in Stage-1 of whom only 1 (3.7%) developed grade – I complication; 9 patients were in Stage-2, out of which 2 (7.4%) developed grade – II complications; 6 patients were in Stage-3, out of which 2 (7.4%) patients developed grade – III and 1 (4.7%) patient developed grade-II postoperative complications. Six (22.2%) were in Stage-4 and underwent curative resection, where no patient developed postoperative complications. Conclusion: Surgery remains a solitary curative option for gall bladder carcinoma, and when patients are selected carefully, postoperative complications after radical surgery are not very high. Moreover, as the stage of the disease increases, so does the complication grade.
This study examines the challenges Pakistani farmers face in adopting global good agricultural practices (GGAP) and highlights the limitations in infrastructure and cost-based clauses. A ...questionnaire based on GGAP's fruit and vegetable module version 5.0 was developed and validated by the Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad. This was a survey-based study of 15 farmers divided into 5 groups according to their annual farm turnover. The findings of the study indicated that, although the basic paperwork requirements of GGAP were implementable, clauses related to capital investment and technical record-keeping were not. Results showed that 90-100% of farmers considered risk assessments, training, and documentation on their farms. However, 42-56% of clauses related to record-keeping, installation, visual presentation, and infrastructure development, and 24-37% of clauses related to external testing, health, safety, and hygiene were declared not implementable. The study revealed a need for adapting GGAP standards to Pakistan's unique agricultural conditions, suggesting the development of localized standards for more practical implementation. The study's findings highlight crucial insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the agriculture sector and suggest the need for target strategies to overcome implementation barriers and optimize the adaptation of Global GAP in Pakistan that would help to increase exports of agricultural commodities.
Phytoremediation is a green technology; however, very few species of arid environments have been identified as hyperaccumulators and fast growers. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was performed to ...evidence the phytoaccumulation potential of Conocarpus erectus, Syzygium cumini, Populus deltoides and Morus alba at the sapling stage. Six-month-old plant saplings were subjected to control (CK; 0 µM) and cadmium treatments (Cd; CdCl2; 200 µM). The results depicted that plant growth, dry biomass production (leaf and stem) and chl a, b and carotenoid contents decreased significantly in all four species under Cd treatment; however, the lowest decrease was evidenced in Conocarpus erectus. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical increased significantly in all four species, with the highest increase observed in Morus alba. Osmolytes production, antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) and Cd accumulation in the leaves, stem and root increased significantly in all four species under Cd treatment, with the highest increase observed in Conocarpus erectus. The translocation factor was >1 in Conocarpus erectus, Syzyngoim cumini and Populus deltoides and was <1 in Morus alba. The study revealed a better Cd tolerance in Conocarpus erectus, which was driven by the effective osmolyte balance and antioxidant enzymes mechanism.
Spinel ferrites nanoparticles have complex considerable interest in several technical applications because of their different magnetic behavior. These magnetic nanoparticles obtain finite size and ...surface effects. The Co doped Mg-Zn ferrites were prepared by co-precipitation method. The structural characterization of the samples was done for Mg
0.5
Zn
0.5-x
Co
x
Fe
2
O
4
(X = 0.01–0.05) nano ferrites using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The cubical spinel structure of single phase has been obtained. As the concentration of Cobalt in the magnesium zinc ferrite increases, the crystallinity of the cubic spinel phase gradually increases. As increasing the concentration of Co
+2
the lattice constant disorderly the lattice symmetry. Absorption spectra display a change in position of maximum absorption near the higher wavelength with increased Co
2+
content. Some XRD parameters, using proposed X-ray morphology index, average crystalline size, lattice parameter, Density, Volume of unit cell, etc., have been evaluated. The absorption spectra reveal that in visible region Co-doped Mg-Zn ferrite close infrared region has low absorption rate moreover; in UV region the absorption is high. The evaluation of bandgap of Co-doped MgZnFe
2
O
4
is the important features of its optical characteristics. The SEM image shows the non-uniform grains distributions for all compositions. The IR spectroscopy is a versatile tool for the identification of purity, functional groups, and phase of samples.
Based on a comprehensive literature survey, the constructs of the cybersecurity information sharing ecosystem have been defined in detail. Using this ecosystem, the interrelationships among the ...stakeholders with respect to cybersecurity information sharing are analyzed, the value parameters are determined, the value functions are defined, and the values obtained by the stakeholders through simulation are calculated. Furthermore, it is investigated whether the stakeholders involved in this ecosystem can create sufficient value to sustain in the market. The outcome of this research includes an economic model for evaluating the value creation and distribution among the stakeholders. This model is a critical step forward to better align the values (i.e., utilities and profits) of stakeholders. The simulation results of the model show that end users are the main source of value generation. Cybersecurity solution providers and cybersecurity information providers get benefits from a growing installed base of end users. However, in saturated markets, there is a risk of un-sustainability of the ecosystem, as the cost of cybersecurity solutions and cybersecurity information cannot be recovered through their fees. The simulation model and the findings of this study can help business managers to make better decisions related to business strategies, sustainability, and pricing schemes for cybersecurity solution and cybersecurity information. Moreover, a working cybersecurity information sharing ecosystem is essential for the adoption of cloud computing and, especially, edge computing. It allows capturing, disseminating, and aggregating cybersecurity information from a large number of computing devices and computing providers reliably and accurately.
•Cybersecurity information sharing ecosystem was defined based on literature survey.•Distribution of value from cybersecurity information sharing was analyzed.•Simulation results specified the conditions for the sustainability of the ecosystem.•Discrepancy between information sharing and business sustainability was identified.•Security information sharing is needed for wide adoption of cloud and edge computing.
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