Purpose: In this study, the effect of applying different doses of Ficus carica (fig) seed oil obtained by cold pressing method on the kidney tissue and serum GSH level, as well as the formation of ...necrosis and cast in the experimental myoglobinuric acute kidney injury animal model created with glycerol was investigated.
Materials and Methods: 32 Wistar albino male rats weighing 460-540 g were randomly divided into four groups of 8 each. Sham Control, MAKI, MAKI+FC3, MAKI+FC6. Urea and creatinine levels of the groups were analyzed by biochemical method. Tissue necrosis level was determined by histological analysis of kidney tissue sections.
Results: While urea and creatinine levels increased significantly in the MAKI group compared to all groups, they were found to be lower in the high and low dose treatment groups with no significant difference between them. Tissue and serum GSH levels in the MAKI group were significantly decreased compared to all groups. In the MAKI+FC3 and MAKI+FC6 groups, an increase was detected in the tissue without dose difference, and in the serum only with high dose. The highest score in kidney tissue cast and necrosis levels were observed in the MAKI group, while significant improvements were detected in the treatment groups.
Conclusion: Ficus carica(fig) seed oil, provided improvement in morphological damage with improvement in functional damage and increase in antioxidative capacity.
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Gliserolle oluşturulmuş Deneysel Miyoglobinürük akut böbrek hasarı hayvan modelinde, soğuk pres yöntemiyle elde edilmiş olan Ficus carica (incir) çekirdeği yağının farklı dozlarda uygulanmasının, böbrek dokusu ve serum GSH düzeyi, ayrıca nekroz ve kast oluşumu üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Ağırlığı 460-540 gr arasında değişen, 32 adet Wistar albino erkek sıçan randomize 8’erli dört gruba ayrıldı. Sham Kontrol, MAKI, MAKI+FC3, MAKI+FC6. Grupların Üre ve kreatinin düzeyleri biyokimyasal yöntemle analiz edildi. Doku nekroz düzeyi böbrek doku kesitlerinin histolojik analizi ile belirlendi.
Bulgular: MAKI grubunda üre ve kreatinin düzeyi tüm gruplara göre anlamlı olarak artış gösterirken, yüksek ve düşük doz tedavi grubunda aralarında anlamlı fark olmazsızın düşük tespit edildi. MAKI grubu doku ve serum GSH düzeyi tüm gruplara göre anlamlı olarak azaldı. MAKI+FC3 ve MAKI+FC6 gruplarında, dokuda doz farkı olmaksızın, serumda ise yalnız yüksek doz ile artış tespit edildi. Böbrek dokusu kast ve nekroz düzeyinde en yüksek skor MAKI grubunda gözlenirken, tedavi gruplarında anlamlı düzeyde iyileşme tespit edildi.
Sonuç: Ficus carica (incir) çekirdeği yağı ise, fonksiyonel hasarda iyileşme ve antioksidatif kapasitede artış ile birlikte morfolojik hasarda iyileşme sağlamıştır.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin (MEL) treatment
on rats with experimental epilepsy induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Changes
in the control, epilepsy and two ...treatment groups (25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) were
monitored as intragroup and intergroup changes.
Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar albino rats (12-14 weeks old) were
divided into control, PTZ, MEL25 and MEL100 groups, with 10 rats in each group.
Only solvent was injected in the control group, and PTZ at a dose of 35 mg/kg was
administered intraperitoneal 12 times in a total of 23 days in the PTZ group. MEL25
and 100 mg/kg were administered in the MEL25 and MEL100 groups, respectively.
Parameters tested during and after the experiment were behavioural tests (elevated
plus maze), biochemical tests in brain tissue after decapitation; malondialdehyde
(MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS)
and total oxidant status (TOS) and epileptic seizure severity scale scores (every
injection day).
Results: Significant differences were observed among the epilepsy, control and
treatment groups, except for the hiding times, seizure scores and biochemical
tests (p<0.05). As a result of biochemical tests applied to the homogenised brain
tissue after decapitation, dose-dependent results were found to be related to the
different doses of MEL applied in MDA, CAT, SOD, TAS and TOS levels (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, MEL showed a protective and healing role against
physiological changes caused by experimental epilepsy, through its capacity to
reduce oxidative damage and increase antioxidant potency.
Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of beta glucan (BG) on the experimental colitis model created by using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Material and Methods: ...Thirty-two Wistar Albino rats were divided equally into four groups as sham control, TNBS, TNBS-BG3, and TNBS-BG10 groups. While saline was administrated to sham group, TNBS was administered intrarectally to the TNBS groups under anesthesia. BG was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg by oral gavage, intragastrically, for 3 days (TNBS+3) to the TNBS-BG3 group and for 10 days (7+TNBS+3) to the TNBS-BG10 group. At the end of the study, macroscopic, histological and biochemical tests were applied to the colon tissues taken. Results: It was determined by histopathological scoring and biochemical results that BG administration caused positive effects on colon damage due to colitis. Malondialdehyde level and myeloperoxidase activity were found to be significantly higher in the TNBS group compared to the other groups (p=0.003 and p<0.001, respectively). Antioxidant levels increased in BG treated groups compared to TNBS group. While this increase was statistically significant among glutathione levels (p<0.001), it was not statistically significant in catalase enzyme activity (p=0.218). BG administration reduced the increase in lipid peroxidation and leukocyte infiltration level in the colon tissue. Positive changes due to the prophylactic effect of BG were determined in histological and biochemical results. Conclusion: BG administration has been found to show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and BG has a treatment potential in reducing colon tissue damage due to TNBS-induced colitis.
Objective: The role of boron in biology includes the coordinated regulation of gene
expression as well as the growth and proliferation of all living organisms. Boric acid
is known to regulate the ...proliferation of cancer cells. Colon cancer is among the
types of cancer with a high rate of mortality in both men and women. The aim of
this study is to evaluate the effects of boric acid (the dominant of boron in plasma)
on Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell line.
Materials and Methods: Firstly, the cytotoxic effect of boric acid (0 to 1 mM) on
Caco-2 human colon cancer cells was determined and the expressions of Caspase-3
and BCL-2 were evaluated using Western Blot and sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis analysis.
Results: Our results showed that boric acid inhibits the proliferation Caco-2
cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. We also demonstrated that BCL-2 protein
expression decreased with increasing concentrations of boric acid.
Conclusion: This is the first study that demonstrates the anti-cancer effects of
boric acid against Caco-2 cancer cell line. Further studies using advanced molecular
techniques are needed to precisely explain the anti-cancer mechanisms of boric
acid.
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of visible light on the
electrical potential of the eye and facial/ocular muscles using electrooculography
(EOG) and the effects of ...visible light and sound stimuli electromyography (EMG).
We also intend to assess normal human electrical activity by documenting the
alteration in EOG and EMG signals.
Materials and Methods: The EOG was recorded for 25 healthy individuals (10
women and 15 men) in compliance with the International Society for Clinical
Electrophysiology of Vision standards. In addition, visible light and sound stimuli
were applied to the test subjects during facial and/or ocular EMGs recording.
Further, the data were analysed using SPSS 12.0 statistical program.
Results: In normal healthy subjects, the amplitudes of the EOG potential during
the dark period (men 0.69±0.09; women 0.67±0.11) were lower than that in the
light period (men 1.29±0.18; women 1.35±0.15). The mean values of Arden ratio
were 2.06±0.11 and 2.14±0.12 for men and women, respectively. Although visible
light stimuli enhanced the EMG signals in the facial and/or ocular EMG, the click
sound did not cause significant alteration in the EMG signals.
Conclusion: Visible light has been reported to have beneficial effects on the EOG
and facial/ocular EMG signals in normal healthy individuals. However, click sound
has no effects on the facial/ocular EMG. We therefore propose that facial/ocular
EMG and EOG measurements possibly have the potential to diagnose various
disorders in clinics.
Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of beta glucan (BG) on the experimental colitis model created by using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS).
Material and Methods: ...Thirty-two Wistar Albino rats were divided equally into four groups as sham control, TNBS, TNBS-BG3, and TNBS-BG10 groups. While saline was administrated to sham group, TNBS was administered intrarectally to the TNBS groups under anesthesia. BG was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg by oral gavage, intragastrically, for 3 days (TNBS+3) to the TNBS-BG3 group and for 10 days (7+TNBS+3) to the TNBS-BG10 group. At the end of the study, macroscopic, histological and biochemical tests were applied to the colon tissues taken.
Results: It was determined by histopathological scoring and biochemical results that BG administration caused positive effects on colon damage due to colitis. Malondialdehyde level and myeloperoxidase activity were found to be significantly higher in the TNBS group compared to the other groups (p=0.003 and p<0.001, respectively). Antioxidant levels increased in BG treated groups compared to TNBS group. While this increase was statistically significant among glutathione levels (p<0.001), it was not statistically significant in catalase enzyme activity (p=0.218). BG administration reduced the increase in lipid peroxidation and leukocyte infiltration level in the colon tissue. Positive changes due to the prophylactic effect of BG were determined in histological and biochemical results.
Conclusion: BG administration has been found to show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and BG has a treatment potential in reducing colon tissue damage due to TNBS-induced colitis.
Amaç: Bu çalışmada trinitrobenzen sülfonik asit (TNBS) kullanılarak oluşturulan deneysel kolit modeli üzerinde beta glukan (BG)’ın etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Otuz iki Wistar Albino sıçan eşit olarak sham kontrol, TNBS, TNBS-BG3 ve TNBS-BG10 gruplarına ayrılmıştır. Sham grubuna serum fizyolojik uygulanırken, TNBS gruplarına anestezi altında intrarektal yol ile TNBS uygulanmıştır. BG 100 mg/kg dozunda, TNBS-BG3 grubuna 3 gün (TNBS+3) süreyle, TNBS-BG10 grubuna ise 10 gün (7+TNBS+3) süreyle, intragastrik şekilde oral gavaj yolu ile verilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda alınan kolon dokularına makroskobik, histolojik ve biyokimyasal testler uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: BG uygulamasının kolite bağlı kolon hasarında olumlu etkilere neden olduğu, histopatolojik skorlama ve biyokimyasal sonuçlar ile tespit edilmiştir. Malondialdehid seviyesi ve miyeloperoksidaz aktivitesinin diğer gruplar ile karşılaştırıldığında TNBS grubunda, anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (sırasıyla p=0,003 ve p<0.001). BG tedavisi uygulanan gruplarda, antioksidan düzeyi TNBS grubuna göre artış göstermiştir. Bu artış glutatyon düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iken (p<0.001), katalaz enzim aktivitesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık ortaya çıkmamıştır (p=0.218). BG uygulaması, kolon dokusundaki lipit peroksidasyon ve lökosit infiltrasyon düzeyindeki artışı azaltmıştır. Histolojik ve biyokimyasal sonuçlarda BG’nin profilaktik etkisine bağlı olarak olumlu değişiklikler tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: BG uygulamasının anti-inflamatuar ve antioksidan özellikler gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir ve TNBS ile indüklenen kolit sonucu oluşan kolon doku hasarını azaltmada BG tedavi edici potansiyel taşımaktadır.
Aim Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IR) causes tissue injury in two ways, starting a pro-inflammatory cascade and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective ...effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, against intestinal IR injury in rats. Materials and Methods Forty male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into five groups: Sham, IR, IR plus ethanol (vehicle), IR plus 10 mg/kg (IR + 10CAPE), and 30 mg/kg CAPE (IR + 30CAPE) at the 30-min ischemic period. Intestines were exteriorized and the superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 45-min ischemia and then the clamp was removed for 120-min reperfusion. After the experiment, the intestines were removed for biochemical and light microscopic examinations. Additionally, blood samples were taken for plasma TNF-α measurement. Results The TBARS levels of the IR and IR + Ethanol groups were higher than the Sham group (P < 0.05). Both CAPE treatments decreased TBARS levels in comparison with the IR group (P < 0.05). In both CAPE-treated groups, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were increased compared to all other groups, which was similarly the case for the CAT activity compared to the Sham and IR + Ethanol groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between GSH levels of all study groups. The TNF-α levels of the IR and IR + Ethanol groups were non-significantly increased compared to the Sham group (P > 0.05). The TNF-α levels of 10 and 30 mg/kg CAPE groups were non-significantly decreased compared to the IR group (P > 0.05). The tissue MPO activities of the IR and IR + Ethanol groups were higher than the Sham group (P < 0.05). The MPO activities of the IR + 10CAPE and IR + 30CAPE groups were not significantly different from the Sham group (P > 0.05). There was necrosis of mucosa in the IR and IR + Ethanol groups in light microscopic evaluations. Those changes were significantly reversed by 30 mg/kg CAPE treatment. Conclusion The intestinal IR injury may be reversed by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of the CAPE. However, 30 mg/kg CAPE treatment may be more efficient in preventing intestinal IR injury in rats.
The purpose of this study is to examine the antiarrhythmic and antioxidant effects of tamoxifen, one of the selective estrogen modulators, in ovariectomized rats subjected to myocardial ...ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. A month after ovariectomy, rats were divided into four groups: (I) ovariectomized controls without any treatment, (II) ovariectomized rats treated with vehicle dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), (III)-(IV) ovariectomized rats treated with tamoxifen 1 or 10 mg/kg,sc daily for 14 days. To produce arrhythmia, the left main coronary artery was occluded for 7 min, followed by 7 min of reperfusion. The blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), electrocardiography (ECG) was recorded before and during the ischemia-reperfusion period. The blood levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), creatine kinase (CK), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) were measured after the rats were killed. Tamoxifen reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) on ischemia and reperfusion as well as the incidence and duration of reversible ventricular fibrillation (VF) on reperfusion. I/R injury caused a significant fall in GSH, GSH-Px as well as an increase in MDA and CK levels in the control group when compared to tamoxifen treated groups. The changes in levels of CAT and GR were however, not significant. In conclusion, our findings suggest that tamoxifen has cardioprotective effects against I/R injury in rats, likely its antioxidant properties.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of citicoline on the development of colitis and antioxidant parameters in rats subjected to tribenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. ...Twenty four Wistar Albino female rats were divided into four subgroups (n=6) (control, colitis control, colitis + 50 mg/kg citicoline, colitis + 250 mg/kg citicoline). Colitis was induced using an enema of TNBS and ethanol; following which citicoline was administrated for 3 days and effects of citicoline was subsequently evaluated. Based on microscopic damage scores, there was no difference between rats of the TNBS-colitis and 50 mg/kg citicoline treated groups, whereas treatment with 250 mg/kg citicoline, caused significant reduction in colon injury compared to that observed in rats of TNBS-colitis group. In terms of the biochemical analyses, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and IL-6 levels in rats from 250 mg/kg citicoline group were significantly different from that TNBS-colitis group. The levels of MPO, MDA, GSH and IL-6 in control rats were also significantly different those of rats in the TNBS-colitis group. Citicoline may have a positive protective effect on the inflammatory bowel disease treatment process and could, therefore, be used as an adjunct therapy in colitis. These effects of citicoline may exist through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism.
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