Pri identifikaciji darovitih učenika psiholozi se koriste testovima (inteligencije, kreativnosti i specifičnih sposobnosti) te metodama procjene koje uključuju procjene učitelja, roditelja te drugih ...učenika. Zbog upitne valjanosti nije preporučljivo koristiti se metodama procjene
kao jedinim sredstvo procjene ili za predselekciju učenika koji će pristupiti testiranju inteligencije. Ipak, metode procjene nam daju informaciju kako okolina vidi potencijalno darovitog učenika te informaciju koje različite sposobnosti učenici pokazuju. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati obilježja učeničkog procjenjivanja darovitosti. Problem ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost broja nominacija kod učeničkog procjenjivanja darovitosti te inteligencije i socijalnog statusa procjenjivanih učenika. Istraživanje je provedeno na temelju podataka sakupljenih tijekom procesa identifikacije darovitih učenika (N= 153) u školskoj godini 2012./2013. i 2013./2014. U istraživanju su se povezanosti između broja nominacija kod učeničkog procjenjivanja darovitosti, inteligencije i socijalnog statusa pokazale značajnima i pozitivnima. Učenici koji su ostvarili viši rezultat na testu inteligencije su prema rezultatima sociometrijskog ispitivanja u razredu popularniji. Učenici koji su ostvarili viši rezultat na testu inteligencije te popularniji učenici procijenjeni su od svojih vršnjaka kao darovitiji.
Psychologists use tests (of intelligence, creativity or specific abilities) and assessment methods that include assessments of teachers, parents and peers for identifying gifted students. Due to a questionable
validity, it is not advised to use the assessment methods as the sole means of identification or as exclusive means of selecting students who will participate in the intelligence tests. However, assessment methods
can provide information on how environment perceives potentially gifted
students, and other potential abilities that students demonstrate. The aim of this study was to investigate specific features of students’ assessment of talent. The problem of this study was to determine the relationship between the number of nominations in students’ assessments of talent, intelligence and social status. The study was conducted based
on data collected during the process of identification of potentially gifted students (N = 153) in the academic year 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. The connection between the number of nominations in students’ assessment
of talent, intelligence and social status is significant and positive. Students who have achieved higher scores on IQ tests achieved a higher social status according to the results of sociometric examination. Students who have achieved higher scores on IQ tests and students of higher social status were assessed by their peers as more gifted.
Zur Identifizierung begabter Schüler verwenden Psychologen verschiedene Tests (z.B. Intelligenztest, Test der Kreativität oder Test spezifischer
Fähigkeiten) und Bewertungsmethoden, die Einschätzungen der Lehrer, Eltern und anderer Schülern umfassen. Da deren Gültigkeit fraglich ist, ist es nicht ratsam, diese Bewertungsmethoden als einzige Methode der Einschätzung oder Kriterium der Vorauswahl der Schüler, die an Intelligenztests teilnehmen werden, zu verwenden. Allerdings informieren
diese Bewertungsmethoden darüber, wie die Umwelt den potenziell begabten Schüler wahrnimmt und welche unterschiedlichen Fähigkeiten die Schüler zeigen. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, zu untersuchen, wie Schüler Begabung bewerten. Das Problem dieser Studie war, den Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl der Nominierungen potenziell Begabter seitens der anderen Schüler
und der Intelligenz und dem sozialen Status der beurteilten Schüler zu bestimmen. Die Studie wurde auf Basis von Daten durchgeführt, die während des Prozesses der Identifizierung potenziell begabter Schüler (N
= 153) im Schuljahr 2012/2013 und 2013/2014 gesammelt wurden. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl der Nominierungen potenziell Begabter seitens anderer Schüler und der Intelligenz und dem sozialen Status zeigte sich als signifikant und positiv. Schüler, die bei IQ-Tests höhere Werte erzielten, sind auch laut Ergebnissen der soziometrischen Befragung in der Klasse beliebter. Schüler, die bei IQ-Tests bessere Resultate erzielten sowie beliebtere Schüler wurden auch von ihren Gleichaltrigen als begabter eingeschätzt.
Artificial neural networks have a wide use in the prediction and classification of different variables, but their application in the area of educational psychology is still relatively rare. The aim ...of this study was to examine the accuracy of artificial neural networks in predicting students’ general giftedness. The participants were 221 fourth grade students from one Croatian elementary school. The input variables for artificial neural networks were teachers’ and peers’ nominations, school grades, earlier school readiness assessment and parents’ education. The output variable was the result on the Standard Progressive Matrices (Raven, 1994), according to which students were classified as gifted or non-gifted. We tested two artificial neural networks’ algorithms: multilayer perceptron and radial basis function. Within each algorithm, a number of different types of activation functions were tested. 80% of the sample was used for training the network and the remaining 20% to test the network. For a criterion according to which students were classified as gifted if their result on the Standard Progressive Matrices was in the 95th centile or above, the best model was obtained by the hyperbolic tangent multilayer perceptron, which had a high accuracy of 100% of correctly classified non-gifted students and 75% correctly classified gifted students in the test sample. When the criterion was the 90th centile or above, the best model was also obtained by the hyperbolic tangent multilayer perceptron, but the accuracy was lower: 94.7% in the classification of non-gifted students and 66.7% in the classification of gifted students. The study has shown artificial neural networks’ potential in this area, which should be further explored. Keywords: gifted students, identification of gifted students, artificial neural networks
Umjetne neuronske mreže imaju široku upotrebu u predikciji i klasifikaciji različitih varijabli, no njihova primjena u području psihologije obrazovanja je još uvijek relativno rijetka. Cilj ovog ...istraživanja bio je ispitati točnost umjetnih neuronskih mreža u predviđanju nadarenosti učenika. U ispitivanju je sudjelovao 221 učenik 4. razreda jedne hrvatske osnovne škole. Kao ulazne varijable za umjetne neuronske mreže korištene su nominacije učitelja i drugih učenika, ocjene, ranija procjena spremnosti učenika za školu i obrazovanje roditelja. Kao izlazna varijabla korišten je rezultat
učenika na Standardnim progresivnim matricama (Raven, 1994), prema kojem su učenici svrstani u darovite ili nedarovite. Testirali smo dva algoritma umjetnih neuronskih mreža: mrežu s radijalno zasnovanom funkcijom i višeslojni perceptron. Unutar svakog algoritma, testirano je više aktivacijskih funkcija. 80% uzorka korišteno je za uvježbavanje mreža, 20% za testiranje njihove uspješnosti. Za kriterij prema kojem su u darovite učenike svrstani oni koji postižu rezultat na Standardnim progresivnim
matricama u 95. centilu ili više, najuspješnijom se pokazala mreža višeslojnog perceptrona s funkcijom tangens hiperbolni, koja je na testnom uzorku postigla visoku točnost od 100% u klasifikaciji nedarovitih učenika i 75% u klasifikaciji darovitih učenika. Kada je kriterij bio rezultat u 90. centilu ili više, najuspješnija je bila također mreža višeslojnog perceptrona s funkcijom tangens hiperbolni, no točnost je bila niža: 94,7% u klasifikaciji nedarovitih učenika i 66,7% u klasifikaciji darovitih učenika. Istraživanje je pokazalo potencijal umjetnih neuronskih mreža u ovom području, koji treba dalje istražiti.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati učeničke stavove i uvjerenja o matematici, postoje li rodne razlike u ovim varijablama, te ispitati kako inteligencija i stavovi prema matematici predviđaju ...ocjenu iz matematike. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 81 učenika 4. razreda iz jedne zagrebačke osnovne škole. Oni su ispitani Ljestvicom za ispitivanje stavova i uvjerenja o matematici i Ravenovim progresivnim matricama, te su prikupljeni podaci o njihovim ocjenama iz matematike. Pokazalo se da učenici imaju pozitivne stavove prema matematici te da nemaju izražena uvjerenja da je matematika više muška domena i da je sposobnost za matematiku urođena. Jedina rodna razlika pokazala se na uvjerenju da je matematika više muška domena (dječaci to više vjeruju nego djevojčice). Rezultat na Ravenovim progresivnim matricama i stavovi prema matematici zajedno objašnjavaju 34% varijance ocjena iz matematike.
To analyze the distribution of SLC6A4 gene polymorphisms in Crohn's disease (CD) patients and their association with the disease.
We evaluated the presence/absence of promoter (5-HTTLPR, rs25531) and ...intron 2 (STin2 VNTR) polymorphic variants of SLC6A4 gene in a retrospective case-control study including 192 CD patients and 157 healthy controls (HC). Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. The association of polymorphisms with CD and its clinical subtypes was analyzed using χ2 and Fisher exact test, binary logistic regression, and haplotype analysis.
CD patients and healthy controls had similar sex (88 45.8% vs 84 53.5% women, respectively; P=0.154) and age (41.3±12.8 years vs 41.7±8.8 years, respectively, P=0.091) distribution. Significant differences were observed in the STin2 genotype and allele distribution between CD patients and healthy controls (P=0.003 and P=0.002, respectively) and between the corresponding female subgroups (P=0.004 and P=0.007, respectively), with a significant negative association of biallelic ss (STin2.9 and Stin2.10) STin2 genotype with CD (P=0.013, age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio OR 0.5, 95% confidence interval CI 0.29-0.86; women: P=0.006, age-adjusted OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14-0.72) and a significantly higher S-STin2.12 (5-HTTLPR/rs25531: S-STin2: STin2.12) haplotype distribution in CD patients (P=0.004, OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.16-2.26). There was no significant association between 5-HTTLRP and rs25531 genotype or allele frequencies and CD and between any SLC6A4 polymorphic loci with clinical CD subtypes.
STin2 VNTR polymorphism of SLC6A4 gene may contribute to CD pathogenesis.
A 48‐year‐old female patient presented with longstanding unrecognized celiac disease (CD), a family history of CD, and a short duration of alarming symptoms. The diagnostic evaluation revealed the ...concomitant presence of small and large bowel ulcers raised a dilemma about differential diagnosis in her case. Pathologic examination of tissue specimens from the jejunal ulcer led to the diagnosis of enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma. In recent years, the availability of modern cross‐sectional imaging and endoscopy modalities has dramatically improved the detection and characterization of small bowel lesions. Characterization of small bowel ulcers by endoscopy and radiology imaging in a patient with suspected complicated CD (CCD) needs to be made in conjunction with all clinical factors, as there is a wide overlap of the possible etiologic factors. Enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma is a highly aggressive T‐cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis, since early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may be delayed due to nonspecific clinical and endoscopic presentation. Therefore, it is crucial to timely recognize patients with suspected CCD and properly navigate diagnostic imaging tools, acquire adequate biopsy, and perform immunophenotyping to set early diagnosis in patients with diffuse intestinal ulcers and CD.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic diseases of unknown etiology and pathogenesis in which genetic factors contribute to development of disease. MDR1/ABCB1 is an interesting candidate gene ...for IBD. The role of two single nucleotide polymorphisms, C3435T and G2677T remains unclear due to contradictory results of current studies. Thus, the aims of this research were to investigate the association of MDR1 polymorphisms, C3435T and G2677T, and IBD.
A total of 310 IBD patients, 199 Crohn's disease (CD) patients and 109 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 120 healthy controls were included in the study. All subjects were genotyped for G2677T/A and C3435T polymorphism using RT-PCR. In IBD patients, review of medical records was performed and patients were phenotyped according to the Montreal classification.
Significantly higher frequency of 2677T allele (p=0.05; OR 1.46, 95% CI (1.0-2.14)) and of the 3435TT genotype was observed among UC patients compared to controls (p=0.02; OR 2.12; 95% CI (1.11-4.03). Heterozygous carriers for C3435T were significantly less likely to have CD (p=0.02; OR 0.58, 95% CI (0.36-0.91)). Haplotype analysis revealed that carriers of 3435T/2677T haplotype had a significantly higher risk of having UC (p=0.02; OR 1.55; 95% CI (1.06-2.28)).
MDR1 polymorphisms are associated with both CD and UC with a stronger association with UC.
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