Abstract
This paper defines the UK Infra-Red Telescope (UKIRT) Hemisphere Survey (UHS) and release of the remaining ∼12 700 deg2 of J-band survey data products. The UHS will provide continuous J- and ...K-band coverage in the Northern hemisphere from a declination of 0° to 60° by combining the existing Large Area Survey, Galactic Plane Survey and Galactic Clusters Survey conducted under the UKIRT Infra-red Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) programme with this new additional area not covered by UKIDSS. The released data include J-band imaging and source catalogues over the new area, which, together with UKIDSS, completes the J-band UHS coverage over the full ∼17 900 deg2 area. 98 per cent of the data in this release have passed quality control criteria. The remaining 2 per cent have been scheduled for re-observation. The median 5σ point source sensitivity of the released data is 19.6 mag (Vega). The median full width at half-maximum of the point spread function across the data set
is 0.75 arcsec. In this paper, we outline the survey management, data acquisition, processing and calibration, quality control and archiving as well as summarizing the characteristics of the released data products. The data are initially available to a limited consortium with a world-wide release scheduled for 2018 August.
There is a growing trend to treat displaced midshaft clavicular fractures with primary open reduction and plate fixation; whether such treatment results in improved patient outcomes is debatable. The ...aim of this multicenter, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was to compare union rates, functional outcomes, and economic costs for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures that were treated with either primary open reduction and plate fixation or nonoperative treatment.
In a prospective, multicenter, stratified, randomized controlled trial, 200 patients between sixteen and sixty years of age who had an acute displaced midshaft clavicular fracture were randomized to receive either primary open reduction and plate fixation or nonoperative treatment. Functional assessment was conducted at six weeks, three months, six months, and one year with use of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Constant scores. Union was evaluated with use of three-dimensional computed tomography. Complications were recorded, and an economic evaluation was performed.
The rate of nonunion was significantly reduced after open reduction and plate fixation (one nonunion) as compared with nonoperative treatment (sixteen nonunions) (relative risk = 0.07; p = 0.007). Group allocation to nonoperative treatment was independently predictive of the development of nonunion (p = 0.0001). Overall, DASH and Constant scores were significantly better after open reduction and plate fixation than after nonoperative treatment at the time of the one-year follow-up (DASH score, 3.4 versus 6.1 p = 0.04; Constant score, 92.0 versus 87.8 p = 0.01). However, when patients with nonunion were excluded from analysis, there were no significant differences in the Constant scores or DASH scores at any time point. Patients were less dissatisfied with symptoms of shoulder droop, local bump at the fracture site, and shoulder asymmetry in the open reduction and plate fixation group (p < 0.0001). The cost of treatment was significantly greater after open reduction and plate fixation (p < 0.0001).
Open reduction and plate fixation reduces the rate of nonunion after acute displaced midshaft clavicular fracture compared with nonoperative treatment and is associated with better functional outcomes. However, the improved outcomes appear to result from the prevention of nonunion by open reduction and plate fixation. Open reduction and plate fixation is more expensive and is associated with implant-related complications that are not seen in association with nonoperative treatment. The results of the present study do not support routine primary open reduction and plate fixation for the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures.
The UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey Lucas, P. W.; Hoare, M. G.; Longmore, A. ...
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
11/2008, Letnik:
391, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey (GPS) is one of the five near-infrared Public Legacy Surveys that are being undertaken by the UKIDSS consortium, using the Wide Field Camera on the United Kingdom ...Infrared Telescope. It is surveying 1868 deg2 of the northern and equatorial Galactic plane at Galactic latitudes −5° < b < 5° in the J, H and K filters and a ∼200-deg2 area of the Taurus–Auriga–Perseus molecular cloud complex in these three filters and the 2.12 μm (1–0) H2 filter. It will provide data on ∼2 × 109 sources. Here we describe the properties of the data set and provide a user's guide for its exploitation. We also present brief Demonstration Science results from DR2 and from the Science Verification programme. These results illustrate how GPS data will frequently be combined with data taken in other wavebands to produce scientific results. The Demonstration Science comprises six studies. (1) A GPS-Spitzer-GLIMPSE cross-match for the star formation region G28.983−0.603 to identify YSOs. This increases the number of YSOs identified by a factor of 10 compared to GLIMPSE alone. (2) A wide-field study of the M17 nebula, in which an extinction map of the field is presented and the effect of source confusion on luminosity functions in different subregions is noted. (3) H2 emission in the ρ Ophiuchi dark cloud. All the molecular jets are traced back to a single active clump containing only a few protostars, which suggests that the duration of strong jet activity and associated rapid accretion in low-mass protostars is brief. (4) X-ray sources in the nuclear bulge. The GPS data distinguishes local main-sequence counterparts with soft X-ray spectra from nuclear bulge giant counterparts with hard X-ray spectra. (5) External galaxies in the zone of avoidance. The galaxies are clearly distinguished from stars in fields at longitudes l > 90°. (6) IPHAS-GPS optical–infrared spectrophotometric typing. The (i′−J) versus (J−H) diagram is used to distinguish A–F type dwarfs, G dwarfs, K dwarfs and red clump giants in a field with high reddening.
Purpose
Large hiatus hernias are relatively common and can be associated with adverse symptoms and serious complications. Operative repair is indicated in this patient group for symptom management ...and the prevention of morbidity. This study aimed to identify predictors of poor outcomes following laparoscopic hiatus hernia repair and fundoplication (LHHRaF) to aid in counselling potential surgical candidates.
Methodology
A retrospective analysis was performed from a prospectively maintained, multicentre database of patients who underwent LHHRaF between 2014 and 2020. Revision procedures were excluded. Hernia size was defined as the intraoperative percentage of intrathoracic stomach, estimated by the surgeon to the nearest 10%. Predictors of outcomes were determined using a prespecified multivariate logistic regression model.
Results
625 patients underwent LHHRaF between 2014 and 2020 with 443 patients included. Median age was 65 years, 62.9% were female and 42.7% of patients had ≥ 50% intrathoracic stomach. In a multivariate regression model, intrathoracic stomach percentage was predictive of operative complications (
P
= 0.014, OR 1.05), post-operative complications (
P
= 0.026, OR 1.01) and higher comprehensive complication index score (
P
= 0.023, OR 1.04). At 12 months it was predictive of failure to improve symptomatic reflux (
P
= 0.008, OR 1.02) and persistent PPI requirement (
P
= 0.047, OR 1.02). Operative duration and blood loss were predicted by BMI (
P
= 0.004 and < 0.001), Type III/IV hernias (
P
= 0.045 and
P
= 0.005) and intrathoracic stomach percentage (
P
= 0.009 and
P
< 0.001). Post-operative length of stay was predicted by age (
P
< 0.001) and emergency presentation (
P
= 0.003).
Conclusion
In a multivariate regression model, intrathoracic stomach percentage was predictive of operative and post-operative morbidity, PPI use, and failure to improve reflux symptoms at 12 months.
Monitoring the presence of commensal and pathogenic respiratory microorganisms is of critical global importance. However, community-based surveillance is difficult because nasopharyngeal swabs are ...uncomfortable and painful for a wide age range of participants. We designed a methodology for minimally invasive self-sampling at home and assessed its use for longitudinal monitoring of the oral, nasal and hand microbiota of adults and children within families. Healthy families with two adults and up to three children, living in and near Liverpool, United Kingdom, self-collected saliva, nasal lining fluid using synthetic absorptive matrices and hand swabs at home every two weeks for six months. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic and epidemiological data and assess feasibility and acceptability. Participants were invited to take part in an exit interview. Thirty-three families completed the study. Sampling using our approach was acceptable to 25/33 (76%) families, as sampling was fast (76%), easy (76%) and painless (60%). Saliva and hand sampling was acceptable to all participants of any age, whereas nasal sampling was accepted mostly by adults and children older than 5 years. Multi-niche self-sampling at home can be used by adults and children for longitudinal surveillance of respiratory microorganisms, providing key data for design of future studies.
The central vision-threatening event in glaucoma is dysfunction and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), thought to be promoted by local tissue deformations. Here, we sought to reduce tissue ...deformation near the optic nerve head by selectively stiffening the peripapillary sclera, i.e. the scleral region immediately adjacent to the optic nerve head. Previous scleral stiffening studies to treat glaucoma or myopia have used either pan-scleral stiffening (not regionally selective) or regionally selective stiffening with limited access to the posterior globe. We present a method for selectively stiffening the peripapillary sclera using a transpupillary annular light beam to activate methylene blue administered by retrobulbar injection. Unlike prior approaches to photocrosslinking in the eye, this approach avoids the damaging effects of ultraviolet light by employing red light. This targeted photocrosslinking approach successfully stiffened the peripapillary sclera at 6 weeks post-treatment, as measured by whole globe inflation testing. Specifically, strain was reduced by 47% when comparing treated vs. untreated sclera within the same eye (n = 7, p=0.0064) and by 54% when comparing the peripapillary sclera of treated vs. untreated eyes (n = 7, p<0.0001). Post-treatment characterization of RGCs (optic nerve axon counts/density, and grading), retinal function (electroretinography), and retinal histology revealed that photocrosslinking was associated with some ocular toxicity. We conclude that a transpupillary photocrosslinking approach enables selective scleral stiffening targeted to the peripapillary region that may be useful in future treatments of glaucoma.
Display omitted
•Localized stiffening of the posterior eye may be a treatment strategy for glaucoma and myopia.•We sought to photocrosslink scleral collagen, using methylene blue as a photoinitiator, in vivo.•We stiffened an annular region around the optic nerve with a transpupillary red light beam.•Moderate treatment toxicity was identified using axon counts, histology, and electroretinography.
Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine whether pre-treatment with intravenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)(7-36) amide could alter myocardial glucose use and protect the heart against ...ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction during percutaneous coronary intervention. Background GLP-1 has been shown to have favorable cardioprotective effects, but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Methods Twenty patients with preserved LV function and single-vessel left anterior descending coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention were studied. A conductance catheter was placed into the LV, and pressure-volume loops were recorded at baseline, during 1-min low-pressure balloon occlusion (BO), and at 30-min recovery. Patients were randomized to receive an infusion of either GLP-1(7-36) amide at 1.2 pmol/kg/min or saline immediately after baseline measurements. Simultaneous coronary artery and coronary sinus blood sampling was performed at baseline and after BO to assess transmyocardial glucose concentration gradients. Results BO caused both ischemic LV dysfunction and stunning in the control group but not in the GLP-1 group. Compared with control subjects, the GLP-1 group had a smaller reduction in LV performance during BO (delta dP/dTmax , –4.3 vs. –19.0%, p = 0.02; delta stroke volume, –7.8 vs. –26.4%, p = 0.05), and improved LV performance at 30-min recovery. There was no difference in transmyocardial glucose concentration gradients between the 2 groups. Conclusions Pre-treatment with GLP-1(7-36) amide protects the heart against ischemic LV dysfunction and improves the recovery of function during reperfusion. This occurs without a detected change in myocardial glucose extraction and may indicate a mechanism of action independent of an effect on cardiac substrate use. (Effect of Glucgon-Like-Peptide-1 GLP-1 on Left Ventricular Function During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention PCI; ISRCTN77442023 )
We present the first data release of the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE), an ambitious spectroscopic survey to measure radial velocities and stellar atmosphere parameters (temperature, metallicity, ...and surface gravity) of up to one million stars using the Six Degree Field multiobject spectrograph on the 1.2 m UK Schmidt Telescope of the Anglo-Australian Observatory. The RAVE program started in 2003, obtaining medium-resolution spectra (median R = 7500) in the Ca-triplet region (8410-8795 A) for southern hemisphere stars drawn from the Tycho-2 and SuperCOSMOS catalogs, in the magnitude range 9 < I < 12. The first data release is described in this paper and contains radial velocities for 24,748 individual stars (25,274 measurements when including reobservations). Those data were obtained on 67 nights between 2003 April 11 and 2004 April 3. The total sky coverage within this data release is ~4760 deg2. The average signal-to-noise ratio of the observed spectra is 29.5, and 80% of the radial velocities have uncertainties better than 3.4 km s-1. Combining internal errors and zero-point errors, the mode is found to be 2 km s-1. Repeat observations are used to assess the stability of our radial velocity solution, resulting in a variance of 2.8 km s-1. We demonstrate that the radial velocities derived for the first data set do not show any systematic trend with color or signal-to-noise ratio. The RAVE radial velocities are complemented in the data release with proper motions from Starnet 2.0, Tycho-2, and SuperCOSMOS, in addition to photometric data from the major optical and infrared catalogs (Tycho-2, USNO-B, DENIS, and the Two Micron All Sky Survey). The data release can be accessed via the RAVE Web site.
Aims
Mycoplasma genitalium causes a common, sexually transmitted bacterial infection. This study assessed the detection of M. genitalium in stored urine samples to understand the impact of sample ...storage on M. genitalium detection.
Methods
Aliquots of M. genitalium‐positive urine (n = 20 patients) were stored at either room temperature (22°C) or 4°C, without a preservative. At weekly intervals, samples were tested using the commercial test ResistancePlus MG® (SpeeDx®, Australia). We report the analysis at 1 week, an acceptable collection‐to‐test turnaround time, with further analysis over 5 weeks to illustrate degradation trends.
Results
After storing at 4°C, the proportion of specimens that remained positive for M. genitalium was 100% after 1 week and 95% after 4 weeks. Storage at 22°C led to more rapid decline in detection in the first 4 weeks, with 95% detected after 1 week and 85% at 2 weeks onwards. At 5 weeks, samples stored at both temperatures had an 85% M. genitalium detection rate, with increase in crossing points (Cq) of 0·72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0·01–1·43; P‐trend = 0·027) at 4°C, and 1·75 ((95% CI 0·79–2·71), P‐trend <0·001) at 22°C.
Conclusions
Urine samples stored without preservative, and unfrozen, retained high M. genitalium detection levels over the short term (up to 5 weeks). To minimize degradation, storing at 4°C is recommended.
Significance and Impact of the Study
There is little known about the stability of clinical samples for M. genitalium detection. This study found that a high proportion (85–100%) of samples are still suitable for M. genitalium detection after storage for up to 5 weeks.
Aims. We investigate the evolution of X-ray selected tidal disruption events. Methods. New events are found in near real-time data from XMM-Newton slews, and are monitored by multi-wavelength ...facilities. Results. In August 2016, X-ray emission was detected from the galaxy XMMSL2 J144605.0+685735 (also known as 2MASX 14460522+6857311), that was 20 times higher than an upper limit from 25 years earlier. The X-ray flux was flat for ∼100 days and then fell by a factor of 100 over the following 500 days. The UV flux was stable for the first 400 days before fading by a magnitude, while the optical (U,B,V) bands were roughly constant for 850 days. Optically, the galaxy appears to be quiescent, at a distance of 127 ± 4 Mpc (z = 0.029 ± 0.001) with a spectrum consisting of a young stellar population of 1–5 Gyr in age, an older population, and a total stellar mass of ∼6 × 109 M⊙. The bolometric luminosity peaked at Lbol ∼ 1043 ergs s−1 with an X-ray spectrum that may be modelled by a power law of Γ ∼ 2.6 or Comptonisation of a low-temperature thermal component by thermal electrons. We consider a tidal disruption event to be the most likely cause of the flare. Radio emission was absent in this event down to < 10 μJy, which limits the total energy of a hypothetical off-axis jet to E < 5 × 1050 ergs. The independent behaviour of the optical, UV, and X-ray light curves challenges models where the UV emission is produced by reprocessing of thermal nuclear emission or by stream-stream collisions. We suggest that the observed UV emission may have been produced from a truncated accretion disc and the X-rays from Compton upscattering of these disc photons.
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