U radu je opisana epizotija bruceloze prouzročena vrstom Brucella melitensis u stadu ovaca iz okolice Dvora na Uni na području Sisačko-moslavačke županije. U predmetnoj epizootiji evidentirani su ...pobačaji u oko 15 (34,1%) od 44 ovce, a dvije ovce iz stada su uginule. Pozitivne serološke reakcije utvrđene su testom probira (Rose Bengal) u 20 (28,6%) ovaca, a potvrdnim testom (reakcijom vezanja komplementa) pozitivne reakcije potvrđene su u 15 (21,4%) od 70 pretraženih ovaca. Zanimljiv je i nalaz pozitivne reakcije (imunoenzimskim testom) u 6 (66,7%) od 9 pretraženih krvi svinja. Negativne serološke reakcije utvrđene su u krvi 20 goveda i u 5 ljudi. Bakteriološkom pretragom Brucella sp., izdvojena je iz jetre i sadržaja želuca pobačenog ploda, jetre i maternice etuanazirane ovce i limfnih čvorova svinje. Molekularnom metodom (Bruce-ladder ) iz izdvojenih izolata identificirana je B. melitensis. B. melitensis je prvi puta dokazana u svinja u Republici Hrvatskoj. U stadu su provedene sve mjere prema “Pravilniku o mjerama za suzbijanje i iskorjenjivanje bruceloze ovaca i koza (B. melitensis). Provođenjem “Programa kontrole i iskorjenjivanja bruceloze ovaca i koza (B. melitensis) u Republici Hrvatskoj” doprinijelo je da velika većina stada ovaca i koza u Hrvatskoj ima službeno slobodan status od bruceloze (B. melitensis). Može se zaključiti da postoji stalna opasnost od unosa uzročnika u Hrvatsku zbog nepovoljne epizootiološko/epidemiološke situacije na graničnim područjima te je stalna kontrola bruceloze i dalje nužna.
Nakon gotovo dva desetljeća istraživanja i dokaza bruceloze u morskih sisavaca, opće je poznato da je bruceloza u morskih sisavaca globalno rasprostranjena. Pozitivne životinje pronađene su u ...sjevernom Atlantiku, Sredozemnom moru i na Arktiku, uključujući i Barentsovo more. Zaražene ili zarazi izložene životinje otkrivene su duž atlanske i pacifičke obale Sjeverne Amerike, obale Perua, Australije, Novog Zelanda, Havaja i na Solomonskim otocima te Antarktici. Bruceloza se najčešće javlja u obalnih dupina (Phocoena phocoena), zatim u plavobijelog dupina (Stenella coeruleoalba), atlanskog bjelobokog dupina (Lagenorhynchus acutus), dobrog dupina (Tursiops truncatus) i običnog dupina (Delphinus delphis) te patuljastog kita (Balaenoptera acutostrata). Pozitivne serološke reakcije utvrđene su u 35 vrsta kitova i u 14 vrsta perajara, dvije podvrste morskih vidri, jedne vrste slatkovodnih vidri i polarnog medvjeda. Do sada je na području Sredozemnog mora bruceloza u morskih sisavaca dokazana u Italiji, Španjolskoj. Prva istraživanja bruceloze u dupina u Republici Hrvatskoj započela su u ljeto 2015. godine. Brucella sp. izdvojena je iz limfnih čvorova dobrog dupina koji je uginut nađen na području Poreča. To je prvi dokaz bruceloze dupina u Jadranskom moru. Izdvojen je i identificirana Brucella ceti soj ST27 koji je prvi puta dokazan u Europi, što može predstavljati značajnu prijetnju zdravlju ljudi.
Maleus je kontagiozna bolest konja, magaraca i njihovih križanaca, a mogu oboljeti i mesojedi, uključujući i čovjeka. Obično je kronična, a očituje se tvorbom specifičnih čvorića u koži, potkožju, ...plućima i drugdje u organizmu. U Hrvatskoj je bolest zadnji puta zabilježena 1961. godine.
U Arhivi sojeva Laboratorija za bakterijske zoonoze, Hrvatskog veterinarskog instituta pronađen je liofilizat oznake B. mallei - Karlovac (5.2.1957.). Zbog iznimno rijetkog uzorka namjera je bila ponovno kultivirati soj te ga identificirati daljnjim standardnim i molekularnim testovima potvrditi radi li se zaista o vrsti Burkholderia (B.) mallei. Liofilizirani izolat B. mallei nismo uspjeli kultivirati opisanim bakteriološkim postupcima. Izvršili smo izolaciju DNK iz uzorka otopljenog liofilizata. Koncentracija izolirane DNK izmjerena je na DS-11 spektrofotometru (DeNovix, SAD). Umnožavanjem za vrstu B. mallei specifičnog fliP-IS407A odsječka veličine 989-bp za soj „B.mallei Karlovac 5.2.1957.“ 221. utvrđeno je da se radi o vrsti B. mallei. Prema trenutno dostupnim podatcima molekularne genotipizacije primjenom high resolution melting PCR metode na 15 filogenetski značajnih polimorfizama jedne baze vrste B. mallei, hrvatski soj izdvojen 1957. godine nalazi se u grupi filogenetski srodnih sojeva iz Italije, Mađarske, Turske i Irana iz istog vremenskog razdoblja. Maleus je klasična, reemergentna bakterijska zoonoza i bolest koja ne poznaje granice kako po klinički nespecifičnoj slici i kroničnim oblicima bolesti bez vidljivih simptoma tako i po činjenici da se slučajevi bolesti u konja dijagnosticiraju i danas u zemljama s višegodišnjim statusom bez bolesti. Kontrola konja u međunarodnom prometu je i dalje neophodna.
Background: Melitococcosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses worldwide. In the period from 2009 to 2013, comprehensive
melitococcosis testing was conducted in the Republic of Croatia.
Methods ...and results: During the testing, the Rose Bengal test was applied to 344019 blood samples of sheep and goats, and
positive reactions were confirmed in 1143 (0.3%) of samples. The complement fixation test (confirmatory test) was conducted on
43428 samples, with positive reactions confirmed in 768 (1.8%) of samples. The organs and tissues of 336 sheep and goats were
inspected bacteriologically, and Brucella sp. was isolated in 15 (4.5%) of samples. Positive serological and bacteriological reactions
were confirmed in the Karlovac, Lika-Senj and Split-Dalmatia Counties. Bacteriological and molecular techniques (Bru-up/Bru-low
and Bruce-Ladder) in isolates proved the presence of Brucella melitensis biovar 3.
Conclusion: On the basis of this study, it can be concluded that Croatia has a favourable situation concerning the infection of
ruminants with B. melitensis, and that ongoing controls of the disease are necessary.
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is under construction to measure the expansion history of the universe using the baryon acoustic oscillations technique. The spectra of 35 million ...galaxies and quasars over 14,000 square degrees will be measured during a 5-year survey. A new prime focus corrector for the Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory will deliver light to 5,000 individually targeted fiber-fed robotic positioners. The fibers in turn feed ten broadband multi-object spectrographs. We describe the ProtoDESI experiment, that was installed and commissioned on the 4-m Mayall telescope from 2016 August 14 to September 30. ProtoDESI was an on-sky technology demonstration with the goal to reduce technical risks associated with aligning optical fibers with targets using robotic fiber positioners and maintaining the stability required to operate DESI. The ProtoDESI prime focus instrument, consisting of three fiber positioners, illuminated fiducials, and a guide camera, was installed behind the existing Mosaic corrector on the Mayall telescope. A fiber view camera was mounted in the Cassegrain cage of the telescope and provided feedback metrology for positioning the fibers. ProtoDESI also provided a platform for early integration of hardware with the DESI Instrument Control System that controls the subsystems, provides communication with the Telescope Control System, and collects instrument telemetry data. Lacking a spectrograph, ProtoDESI monitored the output of the fibers using a fiber photometry camera mounted on the prime focus instrument. ProtoDESI was successful in acquiring targets with the robotically positioned fibers and demonstrated that the DESI guiding requirements can be met.
ProtoDESI Fagrelius, Parker; Abareshi, Behzad; Allen, Lori ...
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific,
02/2018, Letnik:
130, Številka:
984
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is under construction to measure the expansion history of the universe using the baryon acoustic oscillations technique. The spectra of 35 million ...galaxies and quasars over 14,000 square degrees will be measured during a 5-year survey. A new prime focus corrector for the Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory will deliver light to 5,000 individually targeted fiber-fed robotic positioners. The fibers in turn feed ten broadband multi-object spectrographs. We describe the ProtoDESI experiment, that was installed and commissioned on the 4-m Mayall telescope from 2016 August 14 to September 30. ProtoDESI was an on-sky technology demonstration with the goal to reduce technical risks associated with aligning optical fibers with targets using robotic fiber positioners and maintaining the stability required to operate DESI. The ProtoDESI prime focus instrument, consisting of three fiber positioners, illuminated fiducials, and a guide camera, was installed behind the existing Mosaic corrector on the Mayall telescope. A fiber view camera was mounted in the Cassegrain cage of the telescope and provided feedback metrology for positioning the fibers. ProtoDESI also provided a platform for early integration of hardware with the DESI Instrument Control System that controls the subsystems, provides communication with the Telescope Control System, and collects instrument telemetry data. Lacking a spectrograph, ProtoDESI monitored the output of the fibers using a fiber photometry camera mounted on the prime focus instrument. ProtoDESI was successful in acquiring targets with the robotically positioned fibers and demonstrated that the DESI guiding requirements can be met.
A system of 5,020 robotic fiber positioners was installed in 2019 on the Mayall Telescope, at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The robots automatically re-target their optical fibers every 10 - 20 ...minutes, each to a precision of several microns, with a reconfiguration time less than 2 minutes. Over the next five years, they will enable the newly-constructed Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) to measure the spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will produce the largest 3D map of the universe to date and measure the expansion history of the cosmos. In addition to the 5,020 robotic positioners and optical fibers, DESI's Focal Plane System includes 6 guide cameras, 4 wavefront cameras, 123 fiducial point sources, and a metrology camera mounted at the primary mirror. The system also includes associated structural, thermal, and electrical systems. In all, it contains over 675,000 individual parts. We discuss the design, construction, quality control, and integration of all these components. We include a summary of the key requirements, the review and acceptance process, on-sky validations of requirements, and lessons learned for future multi-object, fiber-fed spectrographs.
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is under construction to measure the expansion history of the universe using the baryon acoustic oscillations technique. The spectra of 35 million ...galaxies and quasars over 14,000 square degrees will be measured during a 5-year survey. A new prime focus corrector for the Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory will deliver light to 5,000 individually targeted fiber-fed robotic positioners. The fibers in turn feed ten broadband multi-object spectrographs. We describe the ProtoDESI experiment, that was installed and commissioned on the 4-m Mayall telescope from August 14 to September 30, 2016. ProtoDESI was an on-sky technology demonstration with the goal to reduce technical risks associated with aligning optical fibers with targets using robotic fiber positioners and maintaining the stability required to operate DESI. The ProtoDESI prime focus instrument, consisting of three fiber positioners, illuminated fiducials, and a guide camera, was installed behind the existing Mosaic corrector on the Mayall telescope. A Fiber View Camera was mounted in the Cassegrain cage of the telescope and provided feedback metrology for positioning the fibers. ProtoDESI also provided a platform for early integration of hardware with the DESI Instrument Control System that controls the subsystems, provides communication with the Telescope Control System, and collects instrument telemetry data. Lacking a spectrograph, ProtoDESI monitored the output of the fibers using a Fiber Photometry Camera mounted on the prime focus instrument. ProtoDESI was successful in acquiring targets with the robotically positioned fibers and demonstrated that the DESI guiding requirements can be met.
DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and the growth of structure through redshift-space ...distortions with a wide-area galaxy and quasar redshift survey. To trace the underlying dark matter distribution, spectroscopic targets will be selected in four classes from imaging data. We will measure luminous red galaxies up to \(z=1.0\). To probe the Universe out to even higher redshift, DESI will target bright O II emission line galaxies up to \(z=1.7\). Quasars will be targeted both as direct tracers of the underlying dark matter distribution and, at higher redshifts (\( 2.1 < z < 3.5\)), for the Ly-\(\alpha\) forest absorption features in their spectra, which will be used to trace the distribution of neutral hydrogen. When moonlight prevents efficient observations of the faint targets of the baseline survey, DESI will conduct a magnitude-limited Bright Galaxy Survey comprising approximately 10 million galaxies with a median \(z\approx 0.2\). In total, more than 30 million galaxy and quasar redshifts will be obtained to measure the BAO feature and determine the matter power spectrum, including redshift space distortions.
DESI (Dark Energy Spectropic Instrument) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations and the growth of structure through redshift-space distortions ...with a wide-area galaxy and quasar redshift survey. The DESI instrument is a robotically-actuated, fiber-fed spectrograph capable of taking up to 5,000 simultaneous spectra over a wavelength range from 360 nm to 980 nm. The fibers feed ten three-arm spectrographs with resolution \(R= \lambda/\Delta\lambda\) between 2000 and 5500, depending on wavelength. The DESI instrument will be used to conduct a five-year survey designed to cover 14,000 deg\(^2\). This powerful instrument will be installed at prime focus on the 4-m Mayall telescope in Kitt Peak, Arizona, along with a new optical corrector, which will provide a three-degree diameter field of view. The DESI collaboration will also deliver a spectroscopic pipeline and data management system to reduce and archive all data for eventual public use.
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