Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to identify predictor factors associated with the whitening outcome and risk and intensity of bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity from pooled data of 11 ...clinical trials of dental bleaching performed by the same research group. Methods The individual patient data of several published and ongoing studies about dental bleaching was collected and retrospectively analyzed. At the patient-level, independent variables (bleaching techniques at-home and in-office protocols, sex, age and baseline tooth color in shade guide unit SGU) as well as dependent variables (color change in shade guide units (ΔSGU), color change in the CIEL* a * b * system (Δ E ), risk and intensity of TS in a visual analog scale) were collected. Multivariable linear regression and multivariable logistic regression models were carried out using backward elimination whenever the p -values were higher than 0.05. Results A significant relationship between baseline color and age on color change estimates was detected ( p < 0.001). Every increase of one SGU in the baseline color resulted in an increase of approximate 0.66 in the final ΔSGU and 2.48 for the Δ E . For every increase of one year in the participant’s age we observed a decrease of the whitening degree of 0.07 for the final ΔSGU and 0.69 for the Δ E . The bleaching technique was shown to be a significant predictor of ΔSGU ( p < 0.001) but not of Δ E . In regard to TS, baseline color and bleaching technique are significant predictors ( p < 0.001). The risk of TS for at-home bleaching was 51% (95% CI 41.4–60.6) and for the in-office 62.9% (95% CI 56.9–67.3). Conclusions Younger patients with darker teeth reach a higher degree of whitening. Patient with darker teeth and submitted to at-home bleaching presents lower risk and intensity of TS. Clinical significance The baseline color of the teeth and the patient’s age is directly related to the effectiveness of dental bleaching and TS.
A systematic review was performed to evaluate the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in controlling caries progression in children when compared with active treatments or placebos. A search ...for randomized clinical trials that evaluate the effectiveness of SDF for caries control in children compared to active treatments or placebos with follow-ups longer than 6 months was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library, and grey literature. The risk of bias tool from the Cochrane Collaboration was used for quality assessment of the studies. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Meta-analysis was performed on studies considered at low risk of bias. A total of 5,980 articles were identified. Eleven remained in the qualitative synthesis. Five studies were at "low," 2 at "unclear," and 4 studies at "high" risk of bias in the key domains. The studies from which the information could be extracted were included for meta-analysis. The arrestment of caries at 12 months promoted by SDF was 66% higher (95% CI 41-91%; p < 0.00001) than by other active material, but it was 154% higher (95% CI 67-85%; p < 0.00001) than by placebos. Overall, the caries arrestment was 89% higher (95% CI 49-138%; p < 0.00001) than using active materials/placebo. No heterogeneity was detected. The evidence was graded as high quality. The use of SDF is 89% more effective in controlling/arresting caries than other treatments or placebos. The quality of the evidence was graded as high.
Background
Physical exercise is an essential factor in preventing and treating metabolic diseases by promoting systemic benefits throughout the body. The molecular factors involved in this process ...are poorly understood. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that inhibit mRNA transcription. MiRNAs, which can participate in the benefits of exercise to health, circulate in plasma in extracellular particles (EP). Horses that undergo endurance racing are an excellent model to study the impact of long‐duration/low intensity exercise in plasma EP miRNAs.
Objectives
To evaluate the effects of 160 km endurance racing on horse plasma extracellular particles and their miRNA population.
Study design
Cohort study.
Methods
We collected plasma from five Arabian horses during five time‐points of an endurance ride. Extracellular particles were purified from plasma and characterised by electron microscopy, resistive pulse sensing (qNano) and western blotting. Small RNAs were purified from horse plasma EP, and sequencing was performed.
Results
Endurance racing increased EP concentration and average diameter compared to before the race. Western blotting showed a high concentration of extracellular vesicles proteins 2 hours after the race, which returned to baseline 15 hours after the race. MicroRNA differential expression analysis revealed increasing levels of eca‐miR‐486‐5p during and after the race, and decreasing levels of eca‐miR‐9083 after the end.
Conclusions
This study adds new data about the variation in plasma EP concentrations after long‐distance exercise and brings new insights about the roles of exercise‐derived EP miRNAs during low‐intensity endurance exercise.
To answer the following PICO question (participant, intervention, comparator and outcome): Does flowable resin composite restorations compared with regular resin composites improve the marginal ...adaptation, marginal discoloration and retention rates of restorations placed in non-carious cervical lesions NCCLs of adults?, through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library and SIGLE were searched without restrictions, as well as the abstracts of the IADR, clinical trials registries, dissertations and theses in May 2016 (updated in April 2017).
We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that answered the PICO question. RCTs were excluded if cavities other than NCCLs were treated; indirect restorations; polyacid-based resins instead of composite resins were employed, restorations in primary teeth and restorations were placed in carious cervical lesions. The risk of bias tool of the Cochrane Collaboration was applied in the eligible studies and the GRADE tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence.
After duplicates removal, 5137 articles were identified. After abstract and title screening, 8 studies remained. Six were at “unclear” risk of bias. The study follow-ups ranged from 1 to 3 years. No significant difference was observed between groups for loss of retention and marginal discoloration in all follow-ups. Better marginal adaptation was observed for restorations performed with flowable composites. At 1-year (risk ratio=0.27 0.10 to 0.70) and 3-year (risk ratio=0.34 0.17 to 0.71) follow-ups, flowable composites showed a risk 73% and 66% lower than regular composites for lack of adaptation, respectively. The evidence was graded as moderate quality for loss or retention at 3 years due to risk of bias and low and very low for all other outcomes due to risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency.
We have moderate confidence that the resin composite viscosity does not influence the retention rates at 3 years. Similar marginal discoloration and better marginal adaptation was observed for flowable composites but the quality of evidence is doubtful. (PROSPERO CRD42015019560).
Inflammation resolution is an active process that functions to restore tissue homeostasis. The participation of the plasminogen (Plg)/plasmin (Pla) system in the productive phase of inflammation is ...well known, but its involvement in the resolution phase remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential role of Plg/Pla in key events during the resolution of acute inflammation and its underlying mechanisms. Plg/Pla injection into the pleural cavity of BALB/c mice induced a time-dependent influx of mononuclear cells that were primarily macrophages of anti-inflammatory (M2 F4/80high Gr1– CD11bhigh) and proresolving (Mres F4/80med CD11blow) phenotypes, without changing the number of macrophages with a proinflammatory profile (M1 F4/80low Gr1+ CD11bmed). Pleural injection of Plg/Pla also increased M2 markers (CD206 and arginase-1) and secretory products (transforming growth factor β and interleukin-6) and decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (M1 marker). During the resolving phase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation when resolving macrophages predominate, we found increased Plg expression and Pla activity, further supporting a link between the Plg/Pla system and key cellular events in resolution. Indeed, Plg or Pla given at the peak of inflammation promoted resolution by decreasing neutrophil numbers and increasing neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis in a serine-protease inhibitor–sensitive manner. Next, we confirmed the ability of Plg/Pla to both promote efferocytosis and override the prosurvival effect of LPS via annexin A1. These findings suggest that Plg and Pla regulate several key steps in inflammation resolution, namely, neutrophil apoptosis, macrophage reprogramming, and efferocytosis, which have a major impact on the establishment of an efficient resolution process.
•Plg and Pla induce macrophage reprogramming and promote resolution of acute inflammation.•Plg and Pla enhance the efferocytic capacity of macrophages and override the prosurvival effect of LPS on neutrophils via annexin A1.
•This is the first long-term clinical study evaluating the first commercial universal adhesive.•The etch-and-rinse (moist or dry) strategy showed better clinical behavior than the self-etch ...strategy.•For practicing dentists, it is recommended to etch enamel when using a universal adhesive.•FDI and USPHS criteria showed similar results after 5 years.
To evaluate the five-year clinical performance of Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SU; 3M Oral Care, St. Paul, MN, USA) in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) using two evaluation criteria.
Thirty-nine patients participated in this study. Two hundred restorations were assigned to four groups: SU-ERm: etch-and-rinse + moist dentin; SU-ERd: etch-and-rinse + dry dentin; SU-Set: selective enamel etching; and SU-SE: self-etch. A nanofilled composite resin was placed incrementally. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 5 years using both the World Dental Federation (FDI) and the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. The survival rates (retention/fractures) were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank test. For the secondary outcomes, Friedman repeated measures analysis of variance by rank was applied (α = 0.05).
After 5 years the recall rate was 86%. The retention/fracture rates were 93% for Erm and ERd, 88.4% for SEet and 81.4% for SE. A significant difference was observed for SE vs. ERd and SE vs. ERm (p = 0.01). Also, marginal discoloration and adaptation showed significant differences with ERm and ERd resulting in fewer marginal discrepancies than SE (p < 0.05).
After 5 years, the clinical behavior of the universal adhesive in the etch-and-rinse strategy was better when compared to the self-etch strategy. The use of selective enamel etching is highly recommended for the self-etch strategy. The FDI and USPHS evaluation criteria showed similar results after 5 years.
This double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluates the influence of dentin roughening (RO) on the clinical behavior of a new universal multi-mode adhesive (Tetric N-Bond Universal; ...Ivoclar-Vivadent) applied as self-etch and as etch-and-rinse in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs).
A total of 192 restorations were randomly placed in 48 patients according to the following groups: ER – Etch-and-rinse (no preparation); SE – self-etch (no preparation); ER+RO and; SE+RO. The resin composite Empress Direct (Ivoclar-Vivadent) was placed incrementally. The restorations were evaluated after one week (baseline), 6 and 18 months, using the FDI and USPHS criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests (α=0.05).
Fifteen restorations were lost at 18 months (3 for SE, 2 for ER, 5 for SE+RO and 5 for ER+RO) (p >0.05 between groups). Post-operative sensitivity wasn’t observed in any of the recall periods. Eighty-four restorations were considered to have minor discrepancies in marginal adaptation at the 18-month recall using the FDI criteria (24 for SE, 18 for ER, 22 for SE+RO and 20 for ER+RO; p >0.05 between groups). Nineteen restorations were considered to have minor discrepancies in marginal discoloration at the 18-month recall (10 for SE, 03 for ER, 05 for SE+RO and 01 for ER+RO; p >0.05 between groups).
The dentin roughening before application of Tetric N-Bond Universal as self-etch and etch-and-rinse didn’t affect the clinical behavior of composite restorations placed in NCCLs.
Highlights • The objective was to study the influence of a hydrophobic resin coating on the 6-month microtensile dentin bond strengths (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) of three universal adhesives applied ...in self-etch or in etch-and-rinse mode. • The universal adhesives Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE); All-Bond Universal (Bisco Inc.); and G-Bond Plus or G-ænial Bond (GC Co.) were applied under etch-and-rinse or self-etch modes. The use of a “hydrophobic resin coating” (with or without Heliobond, Ivoclar Vivadent), and “storage time” (24h or 6m) were the other factors. • The application of a hydrophobic resin coating improved the 6m performance of all three universal adhesives when applied in SE mode.
In order to characterize the bacterial community diversity associated to mucus of the coral Mussismilia hispida, four 16S rDNA libraries were constructed and 400 clones from each library were ...analyzed from two healthy colonies, one diseased colony and the surrounding water. Nine bacterial phyla were identified in healthy M. hispida, with a dominance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Lentisphaerae, and Nitrospira. The most commonly found species were related to the genera Azospirillum, Hirschia, Fabibacter, Blastochloris, Stella, Vibrio, Flavobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Terasakiella, Alkalibacter, Staphylococcus, Azospirillum, Propionibacterium, Arcobacter, and Paenibacillus. In contrast, diseased M. hispida had a predominance of one single species of Bacteroidetes, corresponding to more than 70% of the sequences. Rarefaction curves using evolutionary distance of 1% showed a greater decrease in bacterial diversity in the diseased M. hispida, with a reduction of almost 85% in OTUs in comparison to healthy colonies. ∫-Libshuff analyses show that significant p values obtained were <0.0001, demonstrating that the four libraries are significantly different. Furthermore, the sympatric corals M. hispida and Mussismilia braziliensis appear to have different bacterial community compositions according to Principal Component Analysis and Lineage-specific Analysis. Moreover, lineages that contribute to those differences were identified as α-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. The results obtained in this study suggest host-microbe co-evolution in Mussismilia, and it was the first study on the diversity of the microbiota of the endemic and endangered of extinction Brazilian coral M. hispida from Abrolhos bank.
Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of collagen cross-links on the stability of adhesive properties, the degree of conversion within the hybrid layer, cytotoxicity and the inhibition ...potential of the MMPs’ activity. Methods The dentin surfaces of human molars were acid-etched and treated with primers containing: 6.5 wt% proanthocyanidin, UVA-activated 0.1 wt% riboflavin, 5 wt% glutaraldehyde and distilled water for 60 s. Following, dentin was bonded with Adper Single Bond Plus and Tetric N-Bond; and restored with resin composite. The samples were sectioned into resin–dentin “sticks” and tested for microtensile bond strength (μTBS) after immediate (IM) and 18-month (18 M) periods. Bonded sticks at each period were used to evaluate nanoleakage and the degree of conversion (DC) under micro-Raman spectroscopy. The enzimatic activity (P1L10 cross-linkers, P1L22 MMPs’ activities) in the hybrid layer was evaluated under confocal microscopy. The culture cell (NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line) and MTT assay were performed to transdentinal cytotoxicity evaluation. Data from all tests were submitted to appropriate statistical analysis ( α = 0.05). Results All cross-linking primers reduced the degradation of μTBS compared with the control group after 18 M ( p > 0.05). The DC was not affected ( p > 0.213). The NL increased after 18 M for all experimental groups, except for proanthocyanidin with Single Bond Plus ( p > 0.05). All of the cross-link agents reduced the MMPs’ activity, although this inhibition was more pronounced by PA. The cytotoxicity assay revealed reduced cell viability only for glutaraldehyde ( p < 0.001). Significance Cross-linking primers used in clinically relevant minimized the time degradation of the μTBS without jeopardizing the adhesive polymerization, as well as reduced the collagenolytic activity of MMPs. Glutaraldeyde reduced cell viability significantly and should be avoided for clinical use.
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