Although many researches have been made in the construction and fabrication of electrode materials for supercapacitors, it remains a difficult task to realize the application of the supercapacitor ...with high energy density. The binary MnCo
2
O
4
@NiO hierarchical electrode has been successfully fabricated on nickel foam (NF) without any binder or additives by simple hydrothermal methods and corresponding annealing processes. By virtue of constructing hierarchical core–shell structure with different morphologies and forming additive-free electrode, the composite electrode not only possesses abundant surface active sites for electrochemical reaction as well as large buffering space for volume deformation in the charging-discharging processes, but also shows the improved contacting area and electric conductivity between active substance and metal collector. The synthetic MnCo
2
O
4
@NiO/NF electrode presented higher specific capacitance (1186 F g
−1
under 1 A g
−1
) and long cycle lifespan (maintain 91% of the original capacitance over 5000 cycles) under a high current density of 10 A g
−1
. Further, the asymmetric supercapacitor with MnCo
2
O
4
@NiO/NF electrode shows higher energy density of 42.2 Wh kg
−1
under a power density of 748.2 W kg
−1
. These results demonstrate that the binary MnCo
2
O
4
@NiO hierarchical structure is the hopeful candidate material for high performance supercapacitor electrode.
van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions enable arbitrary combinations of different layered semiconductors with unique band structures, offering distinctive band engineering for photonic and ...optoelectronic devices with new functionalities and superior performance. Here, an interlayer photoresponse of a few‐layer MoSe2/WSe2 vdW heterojunction is reported. With proper electrical gating and bias, the heterojunction exhibits high‐sensitivity photodetection with the operation wavelength extended up to the telecommunication band (i.e. 1550 nm). The photoresponsivity and normalized photocurrent‐to‐dark current ratio reach up to 127 mA W−1 and 1.9 × 104 mW−1, respectively. The results not only provide a promising solution to realize high‐performance vdW telecommunication band photodetectors, but also pave the way for using sub‐bandgap engineering of two‐dimensional layered materials for photonic and optoelectronic applications.
van der Waals heterostructures are demonstrated as building blocks for photonics and optoelectronics. Herein, a sub‐bandgap photodetection at λ = 1550 nm based on a MoSe2/WSe2 heterojunction is demonstrated. The high responsivity as well as high normalized photocurrent‐to‐dark current ratio indicate that the heterojunction device has promising applications in future optoelectronic.
•Nitrogen-doped graphene/Fe2O3 composites (NGFeCs) have been synthesized simply.•Fe2O3 particles with size about 20–100 nm were homogenously anchored on NG sheets.•The as-prepared NGFeCs were firstly ...used as electrode materials for supercapacitor.•The as-prepared NGFeCs electrode shows excellent electrochemical performance.
Nitrogen-doped graphene/Fe2O3 composites (NGFeCs) have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that Fe2O3 particles with size about 20–100nm were homogenously anchored on nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) sheets. Electrochemical properties of the synthesized materials were characterized by serials of electrochemical measurements in 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The as-prepared NGFeCs show a better electrochemical performance than the graphene/Fe2O3 composites (GFeCs). The specific capacitance of NGFeCs electrode is 260.1F/g (150.4F/g for GFeCs electrode) at a current density of 2A/g. Additionally, over 82.5% (214.6F/g) of the original capacitance is retained after 1000cycles at a current density of 2A/g (61.4% for GFeCs electrode). The superior electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the good electronic conductivity and more active and nucleation sites introduced by the nitrogen-doping (especially by pyrrolic N-doping).
There is a bidirectional effect between sleep disorders and Mediterranean diet (MED), but the joint effect of MED and sleep disorders on mortality is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate ...whether there is a synergistic effect of adherence to MED and sleep disorders on all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
The study included 23,212 individuals in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2014. A 9-point evaluation score, alternative Mediterranean diet (aMED) index was used to assess adherence to MED. Sleep disorder and hours of sleep were assessed by structured questionnaires. Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between sleep disorders, aMED and all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality (cardiovascular-related death, cancer-related death). The interaction effect of sleep disorders with aMED on mortality was further assessed.
Results showed that participants with lower aMED and presence of sleep disorders had significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular-related mortality (HR, 2.16, 95% CI, 1.49-3.13, P < 0.0001; HR, 2.68, 95% CI, 1.58-4.54, P = 0.0003). A significant interaction effect was found between aMED and sleep disorders on cardiovascular mortality (p for interaction = 0.033). No significant interaction existed between aMED and sleep disorders on all-cause mortality (p for interaction = 0.184) and cancer-related mortality (p for interaction = 0.955).
Poorer adherence to MED and sleep disorders synergistically increased long-term all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in NHANES population.
Dwarf bunt caused by the pathogen Tilletia controversa Kühn is one of the most serious quarantine diseases of winter wheat. Metabolomics studies provide detailed information about the biochemical ...changes at the cell and tissue levels of plants. In the present study, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolomics approach was used to investigate the changes in the grain metabolomics of infected and noninfected with T. controversa samples. PCA suggested that T. controversa-infected and noninfected samples were separated during the interaction. LC/MS analysis showed that 62 different metabolites were recorded in the grains, among which a total of 34 metabolites were upregulated and 28 metabolites were downregulated. Prostaglandins (PGs) and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (9-HODEs) are fungal toxin-related substances, and their expression significantly increased in T. controversa-infected grains. Additionally, the concentrations of cucurbic acid and octadecatrienoic acid changed significantly after pathogen infection, which play a large role in plant defense. The eight different metabolic pathways activated during T. controversa and wheat plant interactions included phenylalanine metabolism, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. In conclusion, we found differences in the metabolic profiles of wheat grains after T. controversa infection. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the metabolites in wheat grains after T. controversa infection.
The impedance matching is a very important part to influence materials’ microwave absorption performance. However, a way to further discuss the impedance matching is still weak. We build a novel ...dielectric–magnetic impedance matching (DMIM) model to analyze the real part and imaginary part of materials’ impedance matching. To verify the practicality of the DMIM model, using MIL-100(Fe) as precursor, a series of Fe
x
Ni
1−
x
@C are synthesized via one-step pyrolysis by controlling the samples’ Fe–Ni ratio, changing their dielectric loss tangent and magnetic loss tangent and successfully regulating their impedance matching to optimize microwave absorption properties. In addition, the minimum reflection loss for MOF-derived Fe
0.8
Ni
0.2
@C can arrive at -71.3 dB at 10.3 GHz with a thickness of 3.1 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 5.3 GHz. And combining with the RLGC equivalent circuit model to further indicate the Fe
x
Ni
1−
x
@C’s energy loss mechanism. The method of using DMIM model and RLGC model to discuss materials’ impedance matching and energy loss mechanism paves a new way to fabricate high-performance microwave materials with balanced electromagnetic distribution and further reveal the materials' microwave absorbing mechanism.
Graphic abstract
A biosensor for bovine serum albumin (BSA) detection by graphene oxide (GO) functionalized micro-taped long-period fiber grating (GMLPG) was demonstrated. The amide bond connected between the GO and ...BSA enabled the BSA to attach onto the fiber surface, which changed the effective refractive index of the cladding mode and characterized the concentration of the BSA. This real-time monitoring system demonstrated a sensing sensitivity of 1.263 nm/(mg/mL) and a detection limit of 0.043 mg/mL. Moreover, it illustrated superior measurement performance of higher sensitivity in the presence of glucose and urea as the interference, which showed static sensitivities of ∼1.476 nm/(mg/mL) and 1.504 nm/(mg/mL), respectively. The proposed GMLPG demonstrated a great potential for being employed as a sensor for biomedical and biochemical applications.
Abstract
Background
Insulin resistance (IR), endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, and thrombosis are believed involved in coronary heart disease (CHD) and ...non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a new IR indicator, is correlated with NAFLD occurrence and severity, but its relationship with CHD risk remains unclear. This study investigated the correlation between TyG index and CHD risk among NAFLD patients.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 424 patients with NAFLD and chest pain in the Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, from January 2021 to December 2021. The TyG index was calculated and coronary angiography performed. All individuals were divided into NAFLD + CHD and NAFLD groups and then by TyG index level. The t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, or one-way analysis of variance compared differences in continuous variables, while the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test compared differences in categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis determined the independent protective or hazardous factors of NAFLD with CHD. The receiver operating characteristic curve evaluated the ability of different TyG index rule-in thresholds to predict CHD. The relationship between Gensini score and TyG index was evaluated using linear correlation and multiple linear regression.
Results
CHD was detected in 255 of 424 patients. Compared to NAFLD group, multivariate logistic regression showed that TyG index was a risk factor for CHD among NAFLD patients after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus with the highest odds ratio (OR, 2.519; 95% CI, 1.559–4.069; P < 0.001). TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FBG and TYG–body mass index were also risk factors for CHD among NAFLD patients. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was a protective factor for CHD events in patients with NAFLD. In an in-depth analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that each 1-unit increase in TyG index was associated with a 2.06-fold increased risk of CHD (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.16–3.65; P = 0.013). The multifactor linear regression analysis showed each 0.1-unit increase in TyG in the NAFLD-CHD group was associated with a 2.44 increase in Gensini score (β = 2.44; 95% CI, 0.97–3.91; P = 0.002).
Conclusions
The TyG index was positively correlated with CHD risk in NAFLD patients and reflected coronary atherosclerosis severity.
Wheat dwarf bunt is caused by Tilletia controversa Kühn, which is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. To explore the interaction of T. controversa and wheat, we analysed the ...transcriptome profile of spikes of the susceptible wheat cultivar Dongxuan 3, which was subjected to a T. controversa infection and a mock infection. The results obtained from a differential expression analysis of T. controversa-infected plants compared with mock-infected ones showed that 10,867 out of 21,354 genes were upregulated, while 10,487 genes were downregulated, and these genes were enriched in 205 different pathways. Our findings demonstrated that the genes associated with defence against diseases, such as PR-related genes, WRKY transcription factors and mitogen-activated protein kinase genes, were more highly expressed in response to T. controversa infection. Additionally, a number of genes related to physiological attributes were expressed during infection. Three pathways were differentiated based on the characteristics of gene ontology classification. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that twenty genes were expressed differentially during the infection of wheat with T. controversa. Notable changes were observed in the transcriptomes of wheat plants after infection. The results of this study may help to elucidate the mechanism governing the interactions between this pathogen and wheat plants and may facilitate the development of new methods to increase the resistance level of wheat against T. controversa, including the overexpression of defence-related genes.
Actively mode‐locked lasers offer varying degrees of flexibility for a wider range of applications than their passively modulated counterparts, due to their capability for electrically controlled ...ultrahigh repetition rate operation. Graphene based electrooptic modulators with unique advantages of broad operation bandwidth and ultrafast speed are suitable for light modulation in various optoelectronic applications. Here, an actively mode‐locked laser with a graphene based electrooptic modulator is reported for the first time. The active mode‐locking technique combined together with the intracavity nonlinear pulse shortening effect allows the generation of transform‐limited 1.44 ps pulses with pulse energy of 844 pJ. The electrically controlled repetition rate of generated pulses, a key performance advantage of active mode‐locking, is also demonstrated. These results provide a practical and effective approach for actively mode‐locked lasers with broad operation bandwidth and compact footprint, which contributes a new way for applications of two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials in ultrafast lasers.
Active mode‐locking is a method of choice due to its electrically controlled laser operation. This study reports the first demonstration of a graphene based actively mode‐locked laser for ultrashort pulse generation. Graphene electrooptic modulators benefit from broader operation bandwidth, lower insertion loss, and smaller footprint, when compared with conventional bulk‐material modulators.
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