•Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), as a deficiency of oxygen that generates irreversible damage to the heart muscle, is the leading cause of death among cardiovascular diseases.•Electrocardiogram ...(ECG) investigation has been the main method for AMI diagnosis but is insufficient, so the measurement of biomarkers levels in plasma or saliva has been encourage.•Researchers around the world have been developing different ways to enhance biomarkers detection through the use of biosensors.•Biosensors are diagnostic devices with a biological sensing element associated to a physicochemical transducer that can be made from different materials and configurations.•The Nanotechnology participation in the process is based in the application of nanostructures as a good choice for device configuration.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a cardiovascular disease that is produced due to a deficiency of oxygen generating irreversible damage in the heart muscle. In diagnosis, electrocardiogram (ECG) investigation has been the main method but is insufficient, so approaches like the measurement of biomarkers levels in plasma or saliva have become one of the most commonly applied strategies for prognosis of AMI, as some of them are specifically related to a heart attack. Many tests are carrying on to determine biological markers changes, but usually, they present disadvantages related to time consumption and laborious work. To overcome the issues, researchers around the world have been developing different ways to enhance detection through the use of biosensors. These diagnostic devices have a biological sensing element associated to a physicochemical transducer that can be made from different materials and configurations giving place to different kinds of detection: Electrical/Electrochemical, Optical and Mechanical. In this review, the authors presents relevant investigations related to the most important biomarkers and biosensors used for their detection having in mind the nanotechnology participation in the process through the application of nanostructures as a good choice for device configuration.
The physicochemical properties of the cellular environment impact on the biochemical and molecular functions of plant cells.Osmotic stress conditions cause severe changes in intracellular ...macromolecular crowding that plants must adapt to for survival.Recent work has demonstrated that plant cells have mechanisms to sense changes in macromolecular crowding, including plasma membrane and intracellular osmosensors.Tools to dynamically track changes in macromolecular crowding will further contribute to the identification of plant osmosensors.
Osmotic stress conditions occur at multiple stages of plant life. Changes in water availability caused by osmotic stress induce alterations in the mechanical properties of the plasma membrane, its interaction with the cell wall, and the concentration of macromolecules in the cytoplasm. We summarize the reported players involved in the sensing mechanisms of osmotic stress in plants. We discuss how changes in macromolecular crowding are perceived intracellularly by intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in proteins. Finally, we review methods for dynamically monitoring macromolecular crowding in living cells and discuss why their implementation is required for the discovery of new plant osmosensors. Elucidating the osmosensing mechanisms will be essential for designing strategies to improve plant productivity in the face of climate change.
Osmotic stress conditions occur at multiple stages of plant life. Changes in water availability caused by osmotic stress induce alterations in the mechanical properties of the plasma membrane, its interaction with the cell wall, and the concentration of macromolecules in the cytoplasm. We summarize the reported players involved in the sensing mechanisms of osmotic stress in plants. We discuss how changes in macromolecular crowding are perceived intracellularly by intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in proteins. Finally, we review methods for dynamically monitoring macromolecular crowding in living cells and discuss why their implementation is required for the discovery of new plant osmosensors. Elucidating the osmosensing mechanisms will be essential for designing strategies to improve plant productivity in the face of climate change.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as the main cause of death among cardiovascular diseases is defined as a deficiency of oxygen that generates irreversible tissue necrosis in the heart muscle. For ...diagnostic measurements, the evaluation of cardiac markers concentration like cardiac triponin I (cTnI) in plasma or saliva thought the use of biosensors has become one of the most commonly applied strategies for prognosis of AMI. Inside this diagnostic devices, electrochemical (ECL) ones have been highly encourage to improve sensing capabilities by using different materials and configurations. In this review, the authors presents a summary of studies that involves cTnI detection using ECL biosensors modified with nanomaterials and related mechanisms.
In the last decade, the computer vision field has seen significant progress in multimodal data fusion and learning, where multiple sensors, including depth, infrared, and visual, are used to capture ...the environment across diverse spectral ranges. Despite these advancements, there has been no systematic and comprehensive evaluation of fusing RGB-D and thermal modalities to date. While autonomous driving using LiDAR, radar, RGB, and other sensors has garnered substantial research interest, along with the fusion of RGB and depth modalities, the integration of thermal cameras and, specifically, the fusion of RGB-D and thermal data, has received comparatively less attention. This might be partly due to the limited number of publicly available datasets for such applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of both, state-of-the-art and traditional methods used in fusing RGB-D and thermal camera data for various applications, such as site inspection, human tracking, fault detection, and others. The reviewed literature has been categorised into technical areas, such as 3D reconstruction, segmentation, object detection, available datasets, and other related topics. Following a brief introduction and an overview of the methodology, the study delves into calibration and registration techniques, then examines thermal visualisation and 3D reconstruction, before discussing the application of classic feature-based techniques and modern deep learning approaches. The paper concludes with a discourse on current limitations and potential future research directions. It is hoped that this survey will serve as a valuable reference for researchers looking to familiarise themselves with the latest advancements and contribute to the RGB-DT research field.
REAL-TIME WATER LEVEL MONITORING USING LOW-COST GNSS RECEIVER
The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences,
04/2024
Journal Article
Our objective was to evaluate alterations in sperm chromatin structure in men occupationally exposed to a mixture of organophosphorus pesticides (OP) because these alterations have been proposed to ...compromise male fertility and offspring development. Chromatin susceptibility to in situ acid-induced denaturation structure was assessed by the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Urinary levels of alkylphosphates (DAP) were used to assess exposure. Diethylthiophosphate (DETP) was the most frequent OP metabolite found in urine samples indicating that compounds derived from thiophosphoric acid were mainly used. Chromatin structure was altered in most samples. About 75% of semen samples were classified as having poor fertility potential (>30% of Percentage of DNA Fragmentation Index DFI%), whereas individuals without OP occupational exposure showed average DFI% values of 9.9%. Most parameters of conventional semen analysis were within normality except for the presence of immature cells (IGC) in which 82% of the samples were above reference values. There were significant direct associations between urinary DETP concentrations and mean DFI and SD-DFI but marginally (
P = 0.079) with DFI%, after adjustment for potential confounders, including IGC. This suggests that OP exposure alters sperm chromatin condensation, which could be reflected in an increased number of cells with greater susceptibility to DNA denaturation. This study showed that human sperm chromatin is a sensitive target to OP exposure and may contribute to adverse reproductive outcomes. Further studies on the relevance of protein phosphorylation as a possible mechanism by which OP alter sperm chromatin are required.
Cross talk between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways plays an important role in the regulation and fine tuning of induced defenses that are activated upon pathogen or ...insect attack. Pharmacological experiments revealed that transcription of JA-responsive marker genes, such as PDF1.2 and VSP2, is highly sensitive to suppression by SA. This antagonistic effect of SA on JA signaling was also observed when the JA pathway was biologically activated by necrotrophic pathogens or insect herbivores, and when the SA pathway was triggered by a biotrophic pathogen. Furthermore, all 18 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions tested displayed SA-mediated suppression of JA-responsive gene expression, highlighting the potential significance of this phenomenon in induced plant defenses in nature. During plant-attacker interactions, the kinetics of SA and JA signaling are highly dynamic. Mimicking this dynamic response by applying SA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at different concentrations and time intervals revealed that PDF1.2 transcription is readily suppressed when the SA response was activated at or after the onset of the JA response, and that this SA-JA antagonism is long lasting. However, when SA was applied more than 30 h prior to the onset of the JA response, the suppressive effect of SA was completely absent. The window of opportunity of SA to suppress MeJA-induced PDF1.2 transcription coincided with a transient increase in glutathione levels. The glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor L-buthionine-sulfoximine strongly reduced PDF1.2 suppression by SA, suggesting that SA-mediated redox modulation plays an important role in the SA-mediated attenuation of the JA signaling pathway.
An important course in the computer science discipline is ‘
Data Structures and Algorithms’ (DSA). The coursework
lays emphasis on experiential learning for building students’ programming and ...algorithmic reasoning abilities. Teachers set up a repertoire of formative programming exercises to engage students with different programmatic scenarios to build their know-what, know-how and know-why competencies. Automated assessment tools can assist teachers in inspecting, marking, and grading of programming exercises and also support them in providing students with formative feedback in real-time. This article describes the design of a bespoke automarker that was integrated into the DSA coursework and therefore served as an instructional tool. Activity theory has provided the pedagogical lens to examine how the automarker-mediated instructional strategy enabled self-reflection and assisted students in their formative learning journey. Learner experiences gathered from 39 students enrolled in DSA course shows that the automarker facilitated practice-based learning to advance students know-what, know-why and know-how skills. This study contributes to both curricula and pedagogic practice by showcasing the integration of an automated assessment strategy with programming-related coursework to inform future teaching and assessment practice.
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