Paramylon is a valuable intracellular product of the microalgae Euglena gracilis, and it can accumulate in Euglena cells according to the cultivation conditions. For the sustainable production of ...paramylon and appropriate cell growth, different bioreactor processes and industrial byproducts can be considered as substrates. In this study, a complex medium with corn steep solid (CSS) was used, and various bioreactor processes (batch, fed batch, semicontinuous and continuous) were performed in order to maximize paramylon production in the microalgae Euglena gracilis. Compared to the batch, fed batch and repeated batch bioprocesses, during the continuous bioprocess in a stirred tank bioreactor (STR) with a complex medium containing 20 g/L of glucose and 25 g/L of CSS, E. gracilis accumulated a competitive paramylon content (67.0%), and the highest paramylon productivity of 0.189 g/Lh was observed. This demonstrated that the application of a continuous bioprocess, with corn steep solid as an industrial byproduct, can be a successful strategy for efficient and economical paramylon production.
Biološko uklanjanje dušikovih spojeva uporabom mikroorganizama ključan je proces u mnogim postrojenjima za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda. Iznimno korisnim u uklanjanju dušikovih spojeva pokazali su se ...predstavnici amonijak oksidirajućih bakterija i arheja kojima pripadaju rodovi poput Nitrosococcus, Nitrosomonas, Nitrosopumilus, ali i nitrit oksidirajućih bakterije poput Nitrococcus, Nitrobacter, Nitrospira i Nitrospina. Denitrifikaciju u postrojenjima za biološku obradu otpadnih voda provode rodovi poput Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Flavobacterium. U ovom radu dan je pregled mikroorganizama koji se upotrebljavaju u biološkoj obradi otpadnih voda opterećenih dušikovim spojevima, odnosno u procesima nitrifikacije, denitrifikacije te “anammox” i “comammox” procesima.
The importance of the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) enzyme in the preparation of lignocellulosic raw materials for production in biorefineries has been confirmed in numerous ...investigations. Therefore, LPMO enzymes were investigated to explore the enzyme-substrate interaction with the aim of successful biomass conversion in biorefinery processes. After reductive activation of LPMOs active site, they cleave the substrate and prepare it for biomass degradation by hydrolytic enzymes. In this paper, the role of LPMO in lignocellulosic biomass conversion is described based on the recent studies of: LPMO enzyme structure, LPMO substrate preferences, and the LPMO reaction mechanism. These findings are important for the selection of suitable bioprocess conditions with the aim of LPMO activation/stabilisation in biorefinery production processes.
Biopolimeri hitin i hitozan – svojstva i priprava Dino Skendrović; Lucija Terihaj; Tonči Rezić ...
Kemija u industriji; časopis kemičara i tehnologa Jugoslavije,
01/2023, Letnik:
72, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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S porastom svijesti o zaštiti okoliša sve se više okrećemo prirodnim izvorima energije i prirodnim materijalima. Veliku važnost u tome imaju biopolimeri koji su potpuno razgradivi u prirodi. Jedan od ...važnijih biopolimera su hitin i hitozan, koji su po zastupljenosti na drugom mjestu nakon celuloze. Velike količine hitina i hitozana nalaze se u biosferi kao važni sastojci egzoskeleta mnogih organizama i kao otpad tvrtki za proizvodnju morskih plodova. Stoga političari, ekolozi i industrija potiču upotrebu tih morskih polisaharida kao obnovljivih izvora. Cilj ovog rada je opisati fizikalno-kemijska i biološka svojstva i različite metode ekstrakcije hitina i hitozana ponajprije iz morskog otpada. Hitin se može ekstrahirati kemijskom i biološkom ekstrakcijom te je u ovom radu dana usporedba između te dvije metode s naglaskom na enzimsku deproteinizaciju, fermentaciju bakterija i metode enzimske deacetilacije. Zahvaljujući biorazgradivosti, netoksičnosti, biokompatibilnosti i bioaktivnosti, ti morski polimeri naširoko se upotrebljavaju u suvremenoj proizvodnji biomedicinskih i farmaceutskih proizvoda.
This work investigates the methodology of producing a 3D-printed microreactor from the acrylic resin by PolyJet Matrix process. The PolyJet Matrix technology employs different materials or their ...combinations to generate 3D-printed structures, from small ones to complex geometries, with different material properties. Experimental and numerical methods served for the evaluation of the geometry and production of the microreactor and its hydrodynamic characterization. The operational limits of the single-phase flow in the microchannels, further improvements and possible applications of the microreactor were assessed based on the hydrodynamic characterization.
The effect of different hydrodistillation pretreatments, namely, reflux extraction, reflux extraction with the addition of cell wall-degrading enzymes, and ultrasound, on the yield and chemical ...composition of essential oils of sage, bay laurel, and rosemary was examined. All pretreatments improved essential oil yield compared to no-pretreatment control (40–64% yield increase), while the oil quality remained mostly unchanged (as shown by statistical analysis of GC-MS results). However, enzyme-assisted reflux extraction pretreatment did not significantly outperform reflux extraction (no-enzyme control), suggesting that the observed yield increase was mostly a consequence of reflux extraction and enzymatic activity had only a minute effect. Thus, we show that ultrasound and reflux extraction pretreatments are beneficial in the production of essential oils of selected Mediterranean plants, but the application of enzymes has to be carefully re-evaluated.
A three-step process consisting of biomass hydrolysis, fermentation and in-situ gas stripping by a vacuum assisted recovery system, was optimized to increase the ethanol production from sugar beet ...pulp. The process combines the advantages of stripping and vacuum separation and enhances the fermentation productivity through in-situ ethanol removal. Using the design of experiment and response surface methodology, the effect of major factors in the process, such as pressure, recycling ratio and solids concentration, was tested to efficiently remove ethanol after the combined hydrolysis and fermentation step. Statistical analysis indicates that a decreased pressure rate and an increased liquid phase recycling ratio enhance the productivity and the yield of the strip-vacuum fermentation process. The results also highlight further possibilities of this process to improve integrated bioethanol production processes. According to the statistical analysis, ethanol production is strongly influenced by recycling ratio and vacuum ratio. Mathematical models that were established for description of investigated processes can be used for the optimization of the ethanol production.
Paramylon is a valuable intracellular product of the microalgae Euglena gracilis, and it can accumulate in Euglena cells according to the cultivation conditions. For the sustainable production of ...paramylon and appropriate cell growth, different bioreactor processes and industrial byproducts can be considered as substrates. In this study, a complex medium with corn steep solid (CSS) was used, and various bioreactor processes (batch, fed batch, semicontinuous and continuous) were performed in order to maximize paramylon production in the microalgae Euglena gracilis. Compared to the batch, fed batch and repeated batch bioprocesses, during the continuous bioprocess in a stirred tank bioreactor (STR) with a complex medium containing 20 g/L of glucose and 25 g/L of CSS, E. gracilis accumulated a competitive paramylon content (67.0%), and the highest paramylon productivity of 0.189 g/Lh was observed. This demonstrated that the application of a continuous bioprocess, with corn steep solid as an industrial byproduct, can be a successful strategy for efficient and economical paramylon production.
This review aims to present current knowledge of the fungi involved in lignocellulose degradation with an overview of the various classes of lignocellulose‐acting enzymes engaged in the pretreatment ...and saccharification step. Fungi have numerous applications and biotechnological potential for various industries including chemicals, fuel, pulp, and paper. The capability of fungi to degrade lignocellulose containing raw materials is due to their highly effective enzymatic system. Along with the hydrolytic enzymes consisting of cellulases and hemicellulases, responsible for polysaccharide degradation, they have a unique nonenzymatic oxidative system which together with ligninolytic enzymes is responsible for lignin modification and degradation. An overview of the enzymes classification is given by the Carbohydrate‐Active enZymes (CAZy) database as the major database for the identification of the lignocellulolytic enzymes by their amino acid sequence similarity. Finally, the recently discovered novel class of recalcitrant polysaccharide degraders‐lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are presented, because of these enzymes importance in the cellulose degradation process.
Environmental pollution by industrial wastewaters polluted with toxic heavy metals is of great concern. Various guidelines regulate the quality of water released from industrial plants and of surface ...waters. In wastewater treatment, bioreactors with microbial biofilms are widely used. A horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor (HRTB) is a combination of a thin layer and a biodisc reactor with an interior divided by O-ring shaped partition walls as carriers for microbial biomass. Using a biofilm of heavy metal resistant bacteria in combination with this special design provides various advantages for wastewater treatment proven in a pilot study. In the presented study, the applicability of HRTB for removing metals commonly present in textile wastewaters (chromium, manganese, cobalt) was investigated. Artificial wastewaters with a load of 125 mg/L of each metal underwent the bioreactor treatment. Different process parameters (inflow rate, rotation speed) were applied for optimizing the removal efficiency. Samples were drawn along the bioreactor length for monitoring the metal contents on site by UV-vis spectrometry. The metal uptake of the biomass was determined by ICP-MS after acidic microwave assisted digestion. The maximum removal rates obtained for chromium, manganese, and cobalt were: 100%, 94%, and 69%, respectively.
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