Objectives
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in the United States is far below coverage for other routine adolescent vaccines. We examined whether missed opportunities for HPV ...vaccination among adolescents differ by parental nativity (country of origin) in Minnesota.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed birth record and immunization information data for adolescents in Minnesota born during 2004-2007 using data from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2018. Using logistic regression, we assessed the association between parental nativity and missed opportunities for HPV vaccine initiation, or receipt of other vaccines without receipt of the HPV vaccine. We adjusted for parent/child demographic and vaccination characteristics. We defined nativity as the number of non–US-born parents and maternal region of birth.
Results
Adolescents with mothers born in Eastern Europe (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 2.33; 95% CI, 2.01-2.73) and Africa (aOR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.28-1.43) had greater adjusted odds of missed opportunities for HPV vaccination than adolescents with US-born mothers. However, adolescents with mothers from Latin America and the Caribbean had lower odds of missed opportunities than adolescents with US-born mothers (aOR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58-0.65). Adolescents with 1 or 2 non–US-born parents had lower odds of missed opportunities for HPV vaccination than adolescents with 2 US-born parents (1 parent: aOR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.96; 2 parents: aOR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.94).
Conclusions
Future studies should evaluate outreach to groups with HPV vaccination disparities and identify other drivers of missed opportunities among adolescents with US-born parents, such as multiparity.
Cognitive dissonance (CD) is the discomfort that occurs when two opposing beliefs are held simultaneously. When this conflict arises, one of the opposing beliefs must be altered or dropped in order ...to reduce the discomfort. The current study examined the relationship between cognitive dissonance and intelligence (using vocabulary subtest scores of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised IV; WAIS-R IV) and grade point average (GPA) in 103 college undergraduates. The ratings occurred before and after the exam. In order to induce the cognitive dissonance participants were given low fictitious scores and shown a comparatively greater average. Cognitive dissonance was measured by taking the difference of the participants' fairness ratings of the vocabulary subtest. No relationship existed between WAIS-R IV performance and CD scores (r = .01, ns). However, GPA and CD scores were negatively associated (r = -.29, p < .01).
Cognitive dissonance (CD) is the discomfort that occurs when two opposing beliefs are held simultaneously. When this conflict arises, one of the opposing beliefs must be altered or dropped in order ...to reduce the discomfort. The current study examined the relationship between cognitive dissonance and intelligence (using vocabulary subtest scores of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised IV; WAIS-R IV) and grade point average (GPA) in 103 college undergraduates. The ratings occurred before and after the exam. In order to induce the cognitive dissonance participants were given low fictitious scores and shown a comparatively greater average. Cognitive dissonance was measured by taking the difference of the participants' fairness ratings of the vocabulary subtest. No relationship existed between WAIS-R IV performance and CD scores (r = .01, ns). However, GPA and CD scores were negatively associated (r = -.29, p < .01).
Herbal Medicine Richter, Rowena K.
2003, 20131011, 2002, 2002-12-03, 2013-10-11
eBook
Americans seeking herbal medicines now face confusion and even danger. There is great potential for these medicines to improve the health of consumers--if current regulations can be revised!
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Concerns about herbal medicines are hitting the headlines regularly, yet no other book has examined the core issues in depth from a public health perspective. Herbal Medicine: Chaos in the Marketplace fills that gap. It is highly relevant today, and you'll find it will continue to be indispensable reading for years to come as the situation plays out.
This balanced, unique, and insightful volume will add to your knowledge of herbal medicine regulation and its impact on consumer health by:
framing the limitations of the current situation with brief examples
reviewing the regulatory history of herbal medicines in the United States
placing the situation in an international context by also examining regulations in Canada, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom
illustrating the practical implications of U.S. regulations with six examples that demonstrate how herbal medicines could contribute more to consumer health--and the public health risks associated with the current regulatory situation
analyzing the public health issues related to safety, research, clinical practice, consumer interests, business, media, and federal government
offering key, high-impact recommendations for future policy
Consumers, health care professionals, business people in the dom
Proteins that fail to correctly fold or assemble into oligomeric complexes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are degraded by a ubiquitin- and proteasome-dependent process known as ER-associated ...degradation (ERAD). Although many individual components of the ERAD system have been identified, how these proteins are organized into a functional network that coordinates recognition, ubiquitylation and dislocation of substrates across the ER membrane is not well understood. We have investigated the functional organization of the mammalian ERAD system using a systems-level strategy that integrates proteomics, functional genomics and the transcriptional response to ER stress. This analysis supports an adaptive organization for the mammalian ERAD machinery and reveals a number of metazoan-specific genes not previously linked to ERAD.
Alkenones are biomarkers produced solely by algae in the order Isochrysidales that have been used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) since the 1980s. However, alkenone-based SST ...reconstructions in the northern high latitude oceans show significant bias towards warmer temperatures in core-tops, diverge from other SST proxies in down core records, and are often accompanied by anomalously high relative abundance of the C
tetra-unsaturated methyl alkenone (%C
). Elevated %C
is widely interpreted as an indicator of low sea surface salinity from polar water masses, but its biological source has thus far remained elusive. Here we identify a lineage of Isochrysidales that is responsible for elevated C
methyl alkenone in the northern high latitude oceans through next-generation sequencing and lab-culture experiments. This Isochrysidales lineage co-occurs widely with sea ice in marine environments and is distinct from other known marine alkenone-producers, namely Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica. More importantly, the %C
in seawater filtered particulate organic matter and surface sediments is significantly correlated with annual mean sea ice concentrations. In sediment cores from the Svalbard region, the %C
concentration aligns with the Greenland temperature record and other qualitative regional sea ice records spanning the past 14 kyrs, reflecting sea ice concentrations quantitatively. Our findings imply that %C
is a powerful proxy for reconstructing sea ice conditions in the high latitude oceans on thousand- and, potentially, on million-year timescales.
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