This article reviews 142 papers published between 1960 and 2018 on tourism risk, crisis and disaster management. The article (1) takes a thematic approach to synthesise past research focus and ...identifies gaps, (2) examines research methodologies employed, and (3) suggests future research and methodological approaches to help progress the field. The article also launches the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on tourism risk, crisis and disaster management, which contains past and hot off the press work on the topic and will continue to grow as new articles on the topic appear in Annals.
•Synthesises 142 journal papers on tourism risk, crisis and disaster management•Identifies research focus and methodologies employed•Identifies research gaps and suggests future research topics and methodological approaches•Launches the Annals Virtual Special Issue on Tourism Risk, Crisis and Disaster Management
COVID-19 has generated an unprecedented level of public fear, likely impeding tourism industry recovery after the pandemic is over. This study explores what trigger the public's pandemic ‘travel ...fear’ and how people impose self-protection, coping and resilience related to travel. The study integrates theories including protection motivation theory, coping and resilience theories to address the research aim. Using a quota sampling, an online survey of 1208 respondents across mainland China was conducted. Results found that threat severity and susceptibility can cause ‘travel fear’, which leads to protection motivation and protective travel behaviors after the pandemic outbreak. Findings also revealed that ‘travel fear’ can evoke different coping strategies, which increases people's psychological resilience and adoption of cautious travel behaviors. Several strategies are provided on how to mitigate people's ‘travel fear’ and encourage travel in a post-COVID-19 world.
•The antecedents and behavioral consequences of individuals' pandemic ‘travel fear’.•How people impose self-protection, coping and resilience toward post-pandemic travel.•‘Travel fear’ evokes coping strategies and increases psychological resilience.•Emotional factors affecting protection motivation and post-pandemic behaviors.
A limited number of studies have applied bibliometric visualisation to explore the network structure of scholarly tourism knowledge. This study uses CiteSpace to analyse and visualise the ...intellectual structure of the tourism crisis and disaster management (TCDM) field. The use of new bibliometric visualisation techniques makes a methodological contribution to the mapping and presentation of bibliometric data in tourism research. Potentials for using these methods to provide new insights into research patterns and gaps are illustrated with an analysis of the TCDM literature. The study demonstrates how bibliometric visualisation can provide new insights into an area of literature by better communicating key findings, facilitating the exploration of data, and providing rich information to readers. Findings indicate that TCDM research has moved from broader topics to more specific issues, with a more recent focus on resilience and economic crises. The visualisation of co-authorship networks reveals that major collaborative networks are based on geographic and institutional proximity, dominated by scholars in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Seven major research clusters are identified from the visualisation of a co-citation network. The identification of structural holes and bridging papers draws attention to research gaps and future research opportunities in the TCDM field.
•Explores the indirect spill over effect of a health induced crisis for tourism.•Research beyond the immediate response phase into recovery and resolution phases.•Employs Rapid Situation Analysis, ...over a 21 months research timeline.•Assesses crisis’ planning, response, recovery challenges in a developing country.
Many recent crisis and disasters affecting tourism have been studied, but few explicitly explore health related crisis in developing countries. This study analyses the effect of the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic (EVDE) on The Gambia, where, despite no reported cases, EVDE had devastating consequences. A Rapid Situation Analysis is used to gain insights into responses to the EVDE, encompassing interviews with key stakeholders, field observations and follow up meetings with those involved in managing the crisis over 21 months. A crisis and disaster framework is used to understand the challenges encountered. Findings highlight the importance of consumer perception and preparedness and management failures’ consequences, contributing to the broader debate on the indirect threat of epidemics on tourism in developing countries.
Public trust plays a vital role in a public health crisis. Drawing on trust and protection motivation theories, the study explores how people impose trust, fear and perceived threat in postpandemic ...travel decisions. Employing a quota sampling approach, the research collected from an online survey of 1208 respondents across regions in mainland China. Findings suggest that public trust in tourists significantly mitigates fear, perceived threat and postpandemic travel avoidance. Although trust in government can decrease travel fear, it inhibits travel intentions in a postpandemic era. The study also detects group differences by examining sociodemographic and pandemic region factors, providing practical implications on building tourists’ trust in postpandemic travel.
The importance of resilience for tourism organizations facing crises and disasters is indisputable. Yet little is known about how these organizations become resilient. This paper proposes that ...dynamic capabilities provide a mechanism that enables tourism organizations to respond to disruptive environmental changes through a process of routine transformation, resource allocation, and utilization. The resulting theoretical framework takes a processual view to show how an organization's existing operational routines transform into new ones that are resilient to disruptive events, enabled by dynamic capabilities and slack resources. The paper outlines six research propositions and suggests methods for future empirical research.
Although the significance of travel health risks is well documented, the process through which people assess their vulnerability and ultimately take on preventive measures needs clarification. The ...purpose of this article is to better understand factors underlying travelers’ health risk perceptions and their protective behavior. Using the health psychology literature, a conceptual model that incorporates multilevel psychological constructs was tested with 830 Australian outbound travelers. Worry was an important antecedent to both travel health risk perceptions and risk-protective behavior. Perceived control over health-related risks was not positively associated with risk perceptions but was positively associated with risk-protective behavior. Sensation-seeking propensity was negatively associated with risk perceptions but positively associated with risk-protective behavior. Travel risk perceptions mediated the relationship between the antecedents and risk-protective behavior. Implications for the design of health communication for industry and government are outlined, and future research avenues are also proposed.
This paper presents the results of a review of the literature concerning post-disaster and post-crisis recovery for tourist destinations. A total of 64 articles on this topic published in ...peer-reviewed tourism journals between January 2000 and June 2012 were included in the review. These articles were written on a number of different disaster contexts, including weather-related events (floods and hurricanes), natural disasters (earthquakes and tsunami) and other events (such as pandemics and terrorist attacks). The key themes that emerged included a lack of communication between stakeholders, media sensationalism, the importance of selecting the most effective marketing messages, lack of disaster-management plans, damage to destination image and reputation, and the changes in tourist behaviour following crises and disasters. The review identifies ways to improve the speed and effectiveness of response to disaster, the importance of relationship marketing with loyal customers and the need to quickly repair destination image. Suggestions for future research arising from this review include the urgent need to encourage tourism operators to engage with crisis preparedness and disaster-management strategies and the importance of gaining a better understanding of the consumer response to disastrous events.
Purpose
This paper aims to summarize the current state of research on risk, crisis and disaster management in the generic field, and in tourism and hospitality. It identifies key themes and compares ...the main topics studied in both the tourism and hospitality management and marketing literature.
Design/methodology/approach
A narrative (thematic) review and synthesis was completed based on articles published in the top 20 tourism and hospitality management journals from 2011 to March 2021. A review was conducted of the generic literature from 2016 to 2020.
Findings
From 210 papers reviewed, only 47 are in the hospitality field. The authors found that 80% of papers were empirical with slightly more quantitative papers produced. The majority of the papers focused on crises. Three key themes were found from the review and future research proposed to address gaps based on these findings and a review of 26 papers from the generic risk, crisis and disaster management field.
Practical implications
Research is required into planning and preparedness, not just response and recovery to crises and disasters. Future research should consider hospitality rather than tourism, particularly focusing attention outside of the accommodation sector. Hospitality studies also need to go beyond the micro-organizational level to include more meso- and macro-level studies.
Originality/value
The review provides a number of future research directions for tourism and hospitality research in the field. The paper provides a comprehensive multi-dimensional framework to synthesize studies and identifies research gaps. It also provides recommendations on methodologies required to progress these research directions. Research in this field is likely to grow because of the impact of COVID-19.
Despite the potential of crisis planning and preparedness to create more resilient tourism organisations, the majority of past studies concerned with tourism crises have focused on response and ...recovery, rather than on crisis planning. Further, most are descriptive in nature and few have undertaken a predictive or explanatory research approach underpinned by a strong theoretical framework. This study attempts to provide a deeper understanding of the psychological factors that influence crisis planning in the Australian accommodation industry. The theory of planning behaviour (TPB) was extended to examine the influence of attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioural control and past experience on crisis planning intentions. Data were collected through a nationwide online survey in Australia (N=386) and analysed by path analysis using structural equation modelling. In terms of predicting crisis planning intentions, three individual psychological factors (attitude, subjective norms, and past crisis experience) were identified as the key factors that influence crisis planning behaviour, while the path coefficient between perceived control and behavioural intentions was not found to be significant. These findings suggest that managers and industry associations should articulate the advantages of crisis planning and provide resources, tool kits, and workshops to support attitude change and boost reference group support. These findings will also be of interest to tourism sectors other than the accommodation industry, and to countries other than Australia. Future research avenues based on the findings are also outlined.
► Managers’ positive attitudes towards crisis planning strengthen their CP intention. ► Managers who have stronger subjective norms have higher crisis planning intention. ► Managers who have past crisis experience have higher crisis planning intention.
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