Anaemia is a common issue in patients who are admitted to intensive care units and worsens their condition throughout the stay due to the extraction of blood for diagnostic purposes. It is also ...well-known that an important amount of the carbon dioxide produced by health services is likely attributable to blood donation, testing and manufacture, storage or distribution of blood components. This must be taken into account to perform nursing interventions consistent with the idea of sustainable health care. In this regard, within patient blood management bundles, with the objective of minimizing the use of blood products, it is recommended to use blood-sparing techniques: small volume tubes (SVT) or closed-blood sampling devices (CBSD). Published studies before 2014 (excepting two more recent ones) have shown that by themselves, both techniques reduce drawn volume but do not decrease haemoglobin reduction and/or need of transfusion. Given the lack of cost-effectiveness studies, it may be easier to implement the use of CBSD as it does not require prior consensus on the discard volume or adaptations in the processing of laboratory tests, as is the case with SVT.
To date, 750 000 patients with COVID-19 worldwide have required mechanical ventilation and thus are at high risk of acute brain dysfunction (coma and delirium). We aimed to investigate the prevalence ...of delirium and coma, and risk factors for delirium in critically ill patients with COVID-19, to aid the development of strategies to mitigate delirium and associated sequelae.
This multicentre cohort study included 69 adult intensive care units (ICUs), across 14 countries. We included all patients (aged ≥18 years) admitted to participating ICUs with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection before April 28, 2020. Patients who were moribund or had life-support measures withdrawn within 24 h of ICU admission, prisoners, patients with pre-existing mental illness, neurodegenerative disorders, congenital or acquired brain damage, hepatic coma, drug overdose, suicide attempt, or those who were blind or deaf were excluded. We collected de-identified data from electronic health records on patient demographics, delirium and coma assessments, and management strategies for a 21-day period. Additional data on ventilator support, ICU length of stay, and vital status was collected for a 28-day period. The primary outcome was to determine the prevalence of delirium and coma and to investigate any associated risk factors associated with development of delirium the next day. We also investigated predictors of number of days alive without delirium or coma. These outcomes were investigated using multivariable regression.
Between Jan 20 and April 28, 2020, 4530 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to 69 ICUs, of whom 2088 patients were included in the study cohort. The median age of patients was 64 years (IQR 54 to 71) with a median Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II of 40·0 (30·0 to 53·0). 1397 (66·9%) of 2088 patients were invasively mechanically ventilated on the day of ICU admission and 1827 (87·5%) were invasively mechanical ventilated at some point during hospitalisation. Infusion with sedatives while on mechanical ventilation was common: 1337 (64·0%) of 2088 patients were given benzodiazepines for a median of 7·0 days (4·0 to 12·0) and 1481 (70·9%) were given propofol for a median of 7·0 days (4·0 to 11·0). Median Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale score while on invasive mechanical ventilation was -4 (-5 to -3). 1704 (81·6%) of 2088 patients were comatose for a median of 10·0 days (6·0 to 15·0) and 1147 (54·9%) were delirious for a median of 3·0 days (2·0 to 6·0). Mechanical ventilation, use of restraints, and benzodiazepine, opioid, and vasopressor infusions, and antipsychotics were each associated with a higher risk of delirium the next day (all p≤0·04), whereas family visitation (in person or virtual) was associated with a lower risk of delirium (p<0·0001). During the 21-day study period, patients were alive without delirium or coma for a median of 5·0 days (0·0 to 14·0). At baseline, older age, higher SAPS II scores, male sex, smoking or alcohol abuse, use of vasopressors on day 1, and invasive mechanical ventilation on day 1 were independently associated with fewer days alive and free of delirium and coma (all p<0·01). 601 (28·8%) of 2088 patients died within 28 days of admission, with most of those deaths occurring in the ICU.
Acute brain dysfunction was highly prevalent and prolonged in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Benzodiazepine use and lack of family visitation were identified as modifiable risk factors for delirium, and thus these data present an opportunity to reduce acute brain dysfunction in patients with COVID-19.
None.
For the French and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
La alta prevalencia de malnutrición en el ámbito hospitalario continúa siendo un problema de especial relevancia en España en la actualidad debido al impacto negativo sobre la evolución clínica del ...paciente hospitalizado. Numerosos estudios evidencian tasas de desnutrición hospitalaria cercanas a un 33-50% de la población hospitalizada. Este impacto es mucho más importante y de mayor trascendencia cuando hablamos de pacientes críticos dentro de la unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Estados nutricionales y metabólicos deficitarios tienen una repercusión directa sobre el enfermo, entorpeciendo la evolución clínica del enfermo e incrementando las tasas de morbimortalidad y de complicaciones hospitalarias así como los costes sanitarios derivados de ello. Desarrollar un adecuado abordaje nutricional mediante soportes nutricionales es un objetivo fundamental y un pilar básico para un óptimo manejo del paciente críticamente enfermo, pudiéndose ver obstaculizado en numerosas ocasiones, especialmente en pacientes que cursan con hipercatabolismo e hipermetabolismo con un consumo energético importante secundario al proceso patológico que motivó el ingreso. A todo ello hay que sumar la gran dificultad que supone una valoración integral y completa de su estado nutricional donde muchos de estos parámetros, encuestas nutricionales y pruebas funcionales puede resultar complicadas de realizar, poco fidedignos, o pueden aportan datos incorrectos, incompletos o con imposibilidad de su realización.
The elderly population frequently consults the emergency department (ED). This population could have greater use of EDs and hospital health resources. The EDEN cohort of patients aged 65 years or ...older visiting the ED allowed this association to be investigated. To analyse the association between healthcare resource use and the characteristics of patients over 65 years of age who consult hospital EDs. We performed an analysis of the EDEN cohort, a retrospective, analytical, and multipurpose registry that includes patients over 65 years of age who consulted in 52 Spanish EDs. The impact of age, sex, and characteristics of ageing on the following outcomes was studied: need for hospital admission (primary outcome) and need for observation, stay in the ED > 12 h, prolonged hospital stay > 7 days, need for intensive care unit (ICU) and return to the ED at 30 days related to the index visit (secondary outcomes). The association was analysed by calculating the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a logistic regression model. A total of 25,557 patients with a mean age of 78.3 years were analysed, 45% were males. Of note was the presence of comorbidity, a Charlson index ≥ 3 (33%), and polypharmacy (66%). Observation in the ED was required by 26%, 25.4% were admitted to the hospital, and 0.9% were admitted to the ICU. The ED stay was > 12 h in 12.5% and hospital stay > 7 days in 13.5% of cases. There was a progressive increase in healthcare resource use based on age, with an aOR for the need for observation of 2.189 (95% CI 2.038-2.352), ED stay > 12 h 2.136 (95% CI 1.942-2.349) and hospital admission 2.579 (95% CI 2.399-2.772) in the group ≥ 85 years old. Most of the characteristics inherent to ageing (cognitive impairment, falls in the previous 6 months, polypharmacy, functional dependence, and comorbidity) were associated with significant increases in the use of healthcare resources, except for ICU admission, which was less in all the variables studied. Age and the characteristics inherent to ageing are associated with greater use of structural healthcare resources.The elderly population frequently consults the emergency department (ED). This population could have greater use of EDs and hospital health resources. The EDEN cohort of patients aged 65 years or older visiting the ED allowed this association to be investigated. To analyse the association between healthcare resource use and the characteristics of patients over 65 years of age who consult hospital EDs. We performed an analysis of the EDEN cohort, a retrospective, analytical, and multipurpose registry that includes patients over 65 years of age who consulted in 52 Spanish EDs. The impact of age, sex, and characteristics of ageing on the following outcomes was studied: need for hospital admission (primary outcome) and need for observation, stay in the ED > 12 h, prolonged hospital stay > 7 days, need for intensive care unit (ICU) and return to the ED at 30 days related to the index visit (secondary outcomes). The association was analysed by calculating the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a logistic regression model. A total of 25,557 patients with a mean age of 78.3 years were analysed, 45% were males. Of note was the presence of comorbidity, a Charlson index ≥ 3 (33%), and polypharmacy (66%). Observation in the ED was required by 26%, 25.4% were admitted to the hospital, and 0.9% were admitted to the ICU. The ED stay was > 12 h in 12.5% and hospital stay > 7 days in 13.5% of cases. There was a progressive increase in healthcare resource use based on age, with an aOR for the need for observation of 2.189 (95% CI 2.038-2.352), ED stay > 12 h 2.136 (95% CI 1.942-2.349) and hospital admission 2.579 (95% CI 2.399-2.772) in the group ≥ 85 years old. Most of the characteristics inherent to ageing (cognitive impairment, falls in the previous 6 months, polypharmacy, functional dependence, and comorbidity) were associated with significant increases in the use of healthcare resources, except for ICU admission, which was less in all the variables studied. Age and the characteristics inherent to ageing are associated with greater use of structural healthcare resources.
To describe the methods of the Spanish Registry of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) (Myo-Spain), as well as its strengths and limitations. The main objective of the project is to ...analyse the evolution and clinical management of a cohort of patients with IIM.
Observational, longitudinal, ambispective and multicentre study of a cohort of patients with IIM seen in rheumatology units in Spain. All patients with a diagnosis of IMM will be included in the regular follow-up of the participating centres, regardless of age on initiation of the process. Incident cases will be all patients who at the beginning of the study have been diagnosed for less than 12 months and prevalent cases for more than 12 months. The registry will include data from the visit at baseline, one year and two years. Socio-demographic, clinical, analytical variables, complications, comorbidities, association with other rheumatic diseases, hospital admissions, mortality and treatments will be collected. In addition, indices, scales and questionnaires of activity, muscle involvement, damage, disability, and quality of life will be determined. The recruitment period will be 23 months. The purpose is to obtain a cohort of 400 patients with IMM.
Myo-Spain registry provides the opportunity to develop a cohort of incident and prevalent patients with IMM in Spain. Myo-Spain will be able to assess in detail the clinical characteristics of the disease at different times. The comprehensive information collected during the visits is expected to provide a broad source of data for future analysis.
Presents information about geology, lithostratigraphy and the composition of the coal found in the stage of exploration in the area of contract FJS-112 of mine NATAGAYMAS, municipality of El ...Espino-Boyac, Colombia. There was recopilation and bibliographical review for geological mining studies for coal mining area of the municipality of El Espino, and preliminary recognition of the zone of study visits, the collection and review of geological studies - locating outcrops of coal of the Guaduas formation (Ktg). Regional and local information was collected in the field. Sampling of the robes of interest was conducted according to the norms established by ECOCARBON Ltda. Geological mapping with its geological profiles in which the trace of the robes of coal found was developed. Calculate of the resources was according to the ECOCARBON norms
Since the results of the RECOVERY trial, WHO recommendations about the use of corticosteroids (CTs) in COVID-19 have changed. The aim of the study is to analyse the evolutive use of CTs in Spain ...during the pandemic to assess the potential influence of new recommendations.
A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted on adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 in Spain who were included in the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry from March to November 2020.
CTs were used in 6053 (36.21%) of the included patients. The patients were older (mean (SD)) (69.6 (14.6) vs. 66.0 (16.8) years;
< 0.001), with hypertension (57.0% vs. 47.7%;
< 0.001), obesity (26.4% vs. 19.3%;
< 0.0001), and multimorbidity prevalence (20.6% vs. 16.1%;
< 0.001). These patients had higher values (mean (95% CI)) of C-reactive protein (CRP) (86 (32.7-160) vs. 49.3 (16-109) mg/dL;
< 0.001), ferritin (791 (393-1534) vs. 470 (236-996) µg/dL;
< 0.001), D dimer (750 (430-1400) vs. 617 (345-1180) µg/dL;
< 0.001), and lower Sp0
/Fi0
(266 (91.1) vs. 301 (101);
< 0.001). Since June 2020, there was an increment in the use of CTs (March vs. September;
< 0.001). Overall, 20% did not receive steroids, and 40% received less than 200 mg accumulated prednisone equivalent dose (APED). Severe patients are treated with higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%.
Patients with greater comorbidity, severity, and inflammatory markers were those treated with CTs. In severe patients, there is a trend towards the use of higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%.
La alta prevalencia de malnutrición en el ámbito hospitalario continúa siendo un problema de especial relevancia en España en la actualidad debido al impacto negativo sobre la evolución clínica del ...paciente hospitalizado. Numerosos estudios evidencian tasas de desnutrición hospitalaria cercanas a un 33-50% de la población hospitalizada. Este impacto es mucho más importante y de mayor trascendencia cuando hablamos de pacientes críticos dentro de la unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Estados nutricionales y metabólicos deficitarios tienen una repercusión directa sobre el enfermo, entorpeciendo la evolución clínica del enfermo e incrementando las tasas de morbimortalidad y de complicaciones hospitalarias así como los costes sanitarios derivados de ello. Desarrollar un adecuado abordaje nutricional mediante soportes nutricionales es un objetivo fundamental y un pilar básico para un óptimo manejo del paciente críticamente enfermo, pudiéndose ver obstaculizado en numerosas ocasiones, especialmente en pacientes que cursan con hipercatabolismo e hipermetabolismo con un consumo energético importante secundario al proceso patológico que motivó el ingreso. A todo ello hay que sumar la gran dificultad que supone una valoración integral y completa de su estado nutricional donde muchos de estos parámetros, encuestas nutricionales y pruebas funcionales puede resultar complicadas de realizar, poco fidedignos, o pueden aportan datos incorrectos, incompletos o con imposibilidad de su realización.
To describe the methods of the Spanish Registry of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) (Myo-Spain), as well as its strengths and limitations. The main objective of the project is to ...analyse the evolution and clinical management of a cohort of patients with IIM.
Observational, longitudinal, ambispective and multicentre study of a cohort of patients with IIM seen in rheumatology units in Spain. All patients with a diagnosis of IMM will be included in the regular follow-up of the participating centres, regardless of age on initiation of the process. Incident cases will be all patients who at the beginning of the study have been diagnosed for less than 12 months and prevalent cases for more than 12 months. The registry will include data from the visit at baseline, one year and two years. Socio-demographic, clinical, analytical variables, complications, comorbidities, association with other rheumatic diseases, hospital admissions, mortality and treatments will be collected. In addition, indices, scales and questionnaires of activity, muscle involvement, damage, disability, and quality of life will be determined. The recruitment period will be 23 months. The purpose is to obtain a cohort of 400 patients with IMM.
Myo-Spain registry provides the opportunity to develop a cohort of incident and prevalent patients with IMM in Spain. Myo-Spain will be able to assess in detail the clinical characteristics of the disease at different times. The comprehensive information collected during the visits is expected to provide a broad source of data for future analysis.
Describir la metodología del Registro de pacientes con miopatía inflamatoria idiopática (MII) de España (Myo-Spain), así como sus fortalezas y limitaciones. El objetivo principal del proyecto es analizar la evolución y el manejo clínico de una cohorte de pacientes con MII.
Estudio observacional, longitudinal, ambispectivo y multicéntrico de una cohorte de pacientes con MII atendidos en servicios de Reumatología de España. Se incluirán todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de MII en seguimiento habitual por los centros participantes, sin tener en cuenta la edad de inicio del proceso. Los casos incidentes serán todos los pacientes que al inicio del estudio en cada centro estén diagnosticados desde hace menos de 12 meses y casos prevalentes desde hace más de 12 meses. Se construirá un registro en el que se incluirán los datos de la visita basal, del año y dos años. Se recogerán variables socio-demográficas, clínicas, analíticas, complicaciones, comorbilidad, asociación con otras enfermedades reumáticas, ingresos hospitalarios, mortalidad y tratamientos. Además, se determinarán índices, escalas y cuestionarios de actividad, afectación muscular, daño, discapacidad y calidad de vida. El periodo de reclutamiento será de 23 meses. El propósito es conseguir una cohorte de 400 pacientes con MII.
El estudio Myo-Spain constituye la oportunidad para desarrollar una cohorte de pacientes incidentes y prevalentes con MII en España. Myo-Spain permitirá evaluar en detalle las características clínicas de la enfermedad en diferentes momentos. Se espera que la información exhaustiva recogida en las visitas suponga una amplia fuente de datos para futuros análisis.
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