Candidiasis has increased substantially worldwide over recent decades and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among critically ill patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a ...metabolic disorder that predisposes individuals to fungal infections, including those related to Candida sp., due to a immunosuppressive effect on the patient. This review aims to discuss the latest studies regarding the occurrence of candidiasis on DM patients and the pathophysiology and etiology associated with these co-morbidities. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken. PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier's ScienceDirect, and Springer's SpringerLink databases were searched using well-defined search terms. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to classify relevant manuscripts. Results of the review show that DM patients have an increased susceptibility to Candida sp. infections which aggravates in the cases of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. The conclusion is that, for these patients, the hospitalization periods have increased and are commonly associated with the prolonged use of indwelling medical devices, which also increase the costs associated with disease management.
In recent years, significant discoveries related to antimicrobial and adsorption properties of carbon-based nanomaterials have led to new avenues for removal of various biological and ...organic/inorganic contaminants in drinking water. Furthermore, progress in the synthesis of multifunctional nanocomposites paves the way for their application in advanced water treatment system design. This review article describes and compares the adsorptive and antimicrobial properties of four common classes of carbon nanomaterials: single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide, as well as some of their most important polymeric and metallic nanocomposites. Barriers for application of these nanomaterials in sustainable water treatment are also addressed.
Dietary choices drive both health and environmental outcomes. Information on diets come from many sources, with nationally recommended diets (NRDs) by governmental or similar advisory bodies the most ...authoritative. Little or no attention is placed on the environmental impacts within NRDs. Here we quantify the impact of nation-specific NRDs, compared with an average diet in 37 nations, representing 64% of global population. We focus on greenhouse gases (GHGs), eutrophication, and land use because these have impacts reaching or exceeding planetary boundaries. We show that compared with average diets, NRDs in high-income nations are associated with reductions in GHG, eutrophication, and land use from 13.0 to 24.8%, 9.8 to 21.3%, and 5.7 to 17.6%, respectively. In upper-middle–income nations, NRDs are associated with slight decrease in impacts of 0.8–12.2%, 7.7–19.4%, and 7.2–18.6%. In poorer middle-income nations, impacts increase by 12.4–17.0%, 24.5–31.9%, and 8.8–14.8%. The reduced environmental impact in high-income countries is driven by reductions in calories (∼54% of effect) and a change in composition (∼46%). The increased environmental impacts of NRDs in low- and middle-income nations are associated with increased intake in animal products. Uniform adoption of NRDs across these nations would result in reductions of 0.19–0.53 Gt CO₂ eq·a−1, 4.32–10.6 Gt
PO
4
3
−
eq·a−1, and 1.5–2.8 million km², while providing the health cobenefits of adopting an NRD. As a small number of dietary guidelines are beginning to incorporate more general environmental concerns, we anticipate that this work will provide a standardized baseline for future work to optimize recommended diets further.
3D CoNi2S4‐graphene‐2D‐MoSe2 (CoNi2S4‐G‐MoSe2) nanocomposite is designed and prepared using a facile ultrasonication and hydrothermal method for supercapacitor (SC) applications. Because of the novel ...nanocomposite structures and resultant maximized synergistic effect among ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets, highly conductive graphene and CoNi2S4 nanoparticles, the electrode exhibits rapid electron and ion transport rate and large electroactive surface area, resulting in its amazing electrochemical properties. The CoNi2S4‐G‐MoSe2 electrode demonstrates a maximum specific capacitance of 1141 F g−1, with capacitance retention of ≈108% after 2000 cycles at a high charge–discharge current density of 20 A g−1. As to its symmetric device, 109 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 is exhibited. This pioneering work should be helpful in enhancing the capacitive performance of SC materials by designing nanostructures with efficient synergetic effects.
A 3D CoNi2S4‐graphene‐MoSe2 nanocomposite is designed and prepared using a facile ultrasonication and hydrothermal method. Because of the novel nanocomposite structures and resultant maximized synergistic effect among ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets, highly conductive graphene and CoNi2S4 nanoparticles, the electrode exhibits rapid electron and ion transport rate and large electroactive surface area, resulting in its amazing electrochemical properties.
Batteries for high temperature applications capable of withstanding over 60 °C are still dominated by primary cells. Conventional rechargeable energy storage technologies which have exceptional ...performance at ambient temperatures employ volatile electrolytes and soft separators, resulting in catastrophic failure under heat. A composite electrolyte/separator is reported that holds the key to extend the capability of Li‐ion batteries to high temperatures. A stoichiometric mixture of hexagonal boron nitride, piperidinium‐based ionic liquid, and a lithium salt is formulated, with ionic conductivity reaching 3 mS cm−1, electrochemical stability up to 5 V and extended thermal stability. The composite is used in combination with conventional electrodes and demonstrates to be stable for over 600 cycles at 120 °C, with a total capacity fade of less than 3%. The ease of formulation along with superior thermal and electrochemical stability of this system extends the use of Li‐ion chemistries to applications beyond consumer electronics and electric vehicles.
A composite electrolyte based on hexagonal boron nitride and ionic liquid allows Li‐ion batteries to operate safely with outstanding performance in the range of 20–150 °C, being stable at high temperatures for over a month. The non‐flammability and negligible vapor pressure of the system presents a great solution for thermal management of Li‐ion batteries at extreme environments.
Photocatalysis is the most promising method for achieving artificial photosynthesis, but a bottleneck is encountered in finding materials that could efficiently promote the water splitting reaction. ...The nontoxicity, low cost, and versatility of photocatalysts make them especially attractive for this application. This study demonstrates that small amounts of α‐Fe2O3 nanosheets can actively promote exfoliation of g‐C3N4, producing 2D hybrid that exhibits tight interfaces and an all‐solid‐state Z‐scheme junction. These nanostructured hybrids present a high H2 evolution rate >3 × 104 µmol g‐1 h‐1 and external quantum efficiency of 44.35% at λ = 420 nm, the highest value so far reported among the family of g‐C3N4 photocatalysts. Besides effectively suppressing the recombination of electron–hole pairs, this Z‐scheme junction also exhibits activity toward overall water splitting without any sacrificial donor. The proposed synthetic route for controlled production of 2D g‐C3N4‐based structures provides a scalable alternative toward the development of highly efficient and active photocatalysts.
A Z‐scheme catalyst is considered as a promising material for photocatalytic water splitting. α‐Fe2O3 can actively promote exfoliation of g‐C3N4, producing two‐dimensional Z‐scheme α‐Fe2O3/2D g‐C3N4. Hybrids show a high H2 evolution rate of 31 400 μmol g−1 h−1 and significantly enhanced quantum efficiency up to 44.35% (λ = 420 nm), which is the highest value so far reported for g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts.
infections (candidiasis) are the most prevalent opportunistic fungal infection on humans and, as such, a major public health problem. In recent decades, candidiasis has been associated to
species ...other than
. Moreover, biofilms have been considered the most prevalent growth form of
cells and a strong causative agent of the intensification of antifungal resistance. As yet, no specific resistance factor has been identified as the sole responsible for the increased recalcitrance to antifungal agents exhibited by biofilms. Instead, biofilm antifungal resistance is a complex multifactorial phenomenon, which still remains to be fully elucidated and understood. The different mechanisms, which may be responsible for the intrinsic resistance of
species biofilms, include the high density of cells within the biofilm, the growth and nutrient limitation, the effects of the biofilm matrix, the presence of persister cells, the antifungal resistance gene expression and the increase of sterols on the membrane of biofilm cells. Thus, this review intends to provide information on the recent advances about
species biofilm antifungal resistance and its implication on intensification of the candidiasis.
The structural modification of nanomaterials at the atomic level has the potential to generate tailor‐made components with enhanced performance for a variety of tasks. The chemical versatility of ...graphene has been constantly employed to fabricate multi‐functional doped 2D materials with applications encompassing energy storage and electrocatalysis. Despite the many reports on boron‐ and nitrogen‐doped graphenes, the possible synergy that arises from combining these electronically complementary elements has yet to be fully understood and explored. The techniques used for the fabrication of these nanomaterials are reviewed, along with the most recent reports on the benefits of B, N singly doping and co‐doping in the electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction reactions and for energy storage in supercapacitors and lithium secondary batteries. The investigation of bulk co‐doped materials has intrinsic limitations in fully understanding the real role of heteroatoms in the above applications. Ultimately, the design and creation of substituted monolayers with controlled compositions might hold the key for carbon‐based energy‐related applications.
The electrochemical performance of graphene in terms of catalysis and energy storage can be enhanced by heteroatom B, N doping. Different doping routes result in different doping concentrations and B, N chemical environments, and thus a wide distribution of electrochemical performance. Subtle substitution in monolayers is an effective way to unravel the role of heteroatoms.
Candida spp./Bacteria Mixed Biofilms Rodrigues, Maria Elisa; Gomes, Fernanda; Rodrigues, Célia F
Journal of fungi (Basel),
03/2020, Letnik:
6, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The ability to form biofilms is a common feature of microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi. These consortiums can colonize a variety of surfaces, such as host tissues, dentures, and catheters, ...resulting in infections highly resistant to drugs, when compared with their planktonic counterparts. This refractory effect is particularly critical in polymicrobial biofilms involving both fungi and bacteria. This review emphasizes
spp.-bacteria biofilms, the epidemiology of this community, the challenges in the eradication of such biofilms, and the most relevant treatments.
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