The CMS detector is a general-purpose apparatus that detects high-energy collisions produced at the LHC. Online data quality monitoring of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter is a vital operational ...tool that allows detector experts to quickly identify, localize, and diagnose a broad range of detector issues that could affect the quality of physics data. A real-time autoencoder-based anomaly detection system using semi-supervised machine learning is presented enabling the detection of anomalies in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter data. A novel method is introduced which maximizes the anomaly detection performance by exploiting the time-dependent evolution of anomalies as well as spatial variations in the detector response. The autoencoder-based system is able to efficiently detect anomalies, while maintaining a very low false discovery rate. The performance of the system is validated with anomalies found in 2018 and 2022 LHC collision data. In addition, the first results from deploying the autoencoder-based system in the CMS online data quality monitoring workflow during the beginning of Run 3 of the LHC are presented, showing its ability to detect issues missed by the existing system.
Many patients with bi-lobar liver tumours are not eligible for liver resection due to an insufficient future liver remnant (FLR). To reduce the risk of posthepatectomy liver failure and the primary ...cause of death, regenerative procedures intent to increase the FLR before surgery. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the available literature and outcomes on the effectiveness of simultaneous portal and hepatic vein embolization (PVE/HVE) versus portal vein embolization (PVE) alone.
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to September 2022. The primary outcome was resectability and the secondary outcome was the FLR volume increase.
Eight studies comparing PVE/HVE with PVE and six retrospective PVE/HVE case series were included. Pooled resectability within the comparative studies was 75 per cent in the PVE group (n = 252) versus 87 per cent in the PVE/HVE group (n = 166, OR 1.92 (95% c.i., 1.13-3.25)) favouring PVE/HVE (P = 0.015). After PVE, FLR hypertrophy between 12 per cent and 48 per cent (after a median of 21-30 days) was observed, whereas growth between 36 per cent and 67 per cent was reported after PVE/HVE (after a median of 17-31 days). In the comparative studies, 90-day primary cause of death was similar between groups (2.5 per cent after PVE versus 2.2 per cent after PVE/HVE), but a higher 90-day primary cause of death was reported in single-arm PVE/HVE cohort studies (6.9 per cent, 12 of 175 patients).
Based on moderate/weak evidence, PVE/HVE seems to increase resectability of bi-lobar liver tumours with a comparable safety profile. Additionally, PVE/HVE resulted in faster and more pronounced hypertrophy compared with PVE alone.
Fifty percent of patients with neurological deterioration from post-traumatic syringomyelia do not respond to treatment. Treatment failure is due in part to an incomplete understanding of the ...underlying aetiology. An animal model that mimics the human disease is required to investigate underlying pathophysiology and treatment options. A previous study was designed to mimic trauma-induced effects on the spinal cord that result in syringomyelia, combining an excitotoxic insult with kaolin-induced arachnoiditis. In this excitotoxic model, syringes were produced in 82% of animals. The aims of the current study were to improve the model to produce syringes in all animals treated, to examine the relative influences of excitotoxic injury and neuronal loss on syrinx formation, and to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine syringes non-invasively. A temporal and dose profile of intraparenchymal quisqualic acid (QA) and subarachnoid kaolin was performed in Sprague Dawley rats. MRI was used to study four syrinx and six control animals. In one subgroup of animals surviving for 6 weeks, 100% (eight of eight) developed syringes. Syrinx formation and enlargement occurred in a dose and time dependent manner, whilst significant neuronal loss was only dose dependent. Animal syrinx histology closely resembled human post-traumatic syringomyelia. Axial T2-weighted MR images demonstrated syrinx presence. The results suggest that the formation of an initial cyst predisposes to syrinx formation in the presence of subarachnoid adhesions.
The fusion of biology and nanotechnology holds amazing promise for revolutionizing medicine and personal technology. In order to take advantage of the great feats of engineering coming out of these ...fields, there needs to be theories and computational tools capable of describing the interface between the pristine and ordered world of precision electronics and the hot, wet, and stochastic world of biology. The success of these technologies will depend on our abilities to design and optimize interactions of biomolecules and solid-state materials down to the atomic scale. In my research at the University of Illinois, I have used molecular dynamics (MD) as a tool to describe the atomic-scale interactions driving the function of biomolecules and their interface with solid-state devices, and I have sought to use it as a starting point to create new methods for modeling, designing, and optimizing these interactions. In my dissertation, I show the methodologies that I use in my work and the range of possibilities that they present for researchers in the field, and I present my research on the modeling of the interface between biological and synthetic materials in (1) immunosurfaces used for detection of live bacteria; (2) protein transport through a nanochannel; (3) deriving the Langmuir constant for adsorption for small, organic molecules on synthetic surfaces; (4) creating a multiscale model for transport in micro- and nanofluidic devices; (5) synthetic analogs of biological ion channels. It is my hope that the research that I have performed in my doctoral studies here at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign will be a template for future research and interdisciplinary science. The work I have done here has shown the possibilities of the MD method for studying the physical interface of biological and synthetic components, and I have developed new techniques that can be used by researchers in field to further the science and engineering of bionanotechnology and nanobiotechnology.
This article emphasises the need for the development of a therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient in day surgery settings. While the short patient stay associated with day surgery may ...appear to mitigate against this, the use of interpersonal skills can directly support its augmentation. Enhancing skills such as listening, empowerment and caring has the potential to increase patient satisfaction with services in this area.
Numerous investigations have examined the effects of variance heterogeneity on the empirical probability of a Type I error for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) F-test and the prevailing conclusion ...has been that when sample sizes are equal, the ANOVA is robust to variance heterogeneity. However, Box (1954) reported a Type I error rate of .12, for a 5% nominal level, when unequal variances were paired with equal sample sizes. The present paper explored this finding, examining varying degrees and patterns of variance heterogeneity for varying sample sizes and number of treatment groups. The data indicate that the rate of Type I error varies as a function of the degree of variance heterogeneity and, consequently, it should not be assumed that the ANOVA F-test is always robust to variance heterogeneity when sample sizes are equal.
The diagnosis of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow has relied primarily on clinical and electrodiagnostic findings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used in the evaluation of peripheral ...nerve entrapment disorders to document signal and configurational changes in nerves. In this case report we review the MRI and operative findings of a rare constriction band causing ulnar nerve compression at the elbow. We review the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow as defined by MRI findings.
Examining the behavioral consequences of selective CNS neuronal activation is a powerful tool for elucidating mammalian brain function in health and disease. Newly developed genetic, pharmacological, ...and optical tools allow activation of neurons with exquisite spatiotemporal resolution; however, the inaccessibility to light of widely distributed neuronal populations and the invasiveness required for activation by light or infused ligands limit the utility of these methods. To overcome these barriers, we created transgenic mice expressing an evolved G protein-coupled receptor (hM3Dq) selectively activated by the pharmacologically inert, orally bioavailable drug clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Here, we expressed hM3Dq in forebrain principal neurons. Local field potential and single-neuron recordings revealed that peripheral administration of CNO activated hippocampal neurons selectively in hM3Dq-expressing mice. Behavioral correlates of neuronal activation included increased locomotion, stereotypy, and limbic seizures. These results demonstrate a powerful chemical-genetic tool for remotely controlling the activity of discrete populations of neurons in vivo.
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