Information theory-based methods have been shown to be sensitive and specific for predicting and quantifying the effects of non-coding mutations in Mendelian diseases. We present the Shannon pipeline ...software for genome-scale mutation analysis and provide evidence that the software predicts variants affecting mRNA splicing. Individual information contents (in bits) of reference and variant splice sites are compared and significant differences are annotated and prioritized. The software has been implemented for CLC-Bio Genomics platform. Annotation indicates the context of novel mutations as well as common and rare SNPs with splicing effects. Potential natural and cryptic mRNA splicing variants are identified, and null mutations are distinguished from leaky mutations. Mutations and rare SNPs were predicted in genomes of three cancer cell lines (U2OS, U251 and A431), which were supported by expression analyses. After filtering, tractable numbers of potentially deleterious variants are predicted by the software, suitable for further laboratory investigation. In these cell lines, novel functional variants comprised 6–17 inactivating mutations, 1–5 leaky mutations and 6–13 cryptic splicing mutations. Predicted effects were validated by RNA-seq analysis of the three aforementioned cancer cell lines, and expression microarray analysis of SNPs in HapMap cell lines.
While numerous investigations have examined the effects of assumption violations on the empirical probability of a Type I error for Tukey's multiple comparison test, no study to date has numerically ...quantified and systematically varied the degree of total variation resulting from combining unequal variances with unequal sample sizes. The present investigation employed a coefficient of variance variation to index the degree of heterogeneity and compared the effects of varying degrees of heterogeneity on the harmonic mean, Kramer (11) and Miller (14) unequal group forms of the Tukey test. The discrepancies between the empirical and nominal significance rates of Type I error were related to a bias ratio provided by Box (1) and were found to markedly vary as a function of the magnitude of this ratio. The Kramer unequal group form of the Tukey test is recommended, as it consistently resulted in empirical Type I rates of error deviating less from the nominal significance level than either of the other two unequal$\text{n}_{\text{k}}$forms. In addition, even when sample sizes were equal, the rate of Type I error was seriously inflated, when the degree of variance heterogeneity was large.
Ferroelectric ceramics are widely used in a diverse set of devices including sensors, actuators, and transducers. The technological importance of ferroelectrics originates from their large ...electromechanical coupling. Ferroelectric materials exhibit a complicated behavior in response to both electrical and mechanical loads which produce large internal stresses that eventually lead to failure. Efforts to model and predict the behavior of ferroelectrics have been hindered by the lack of suitable constitutive relations that accurately describe the electromechanical response of these materials. While many measurements have been conducted on the macroscopic response of single-crystals or polycrystals, multiaxial (and multiscale) data about the in situ internal strain and texture response of these materials is lacking; this information is critical to the development of accurate models, and diffraction techniques which directly measure internal crystal strains and material texture are aptly suited to supply it. A neutron diffraction technique was employed which allowed for the simultaneous measurement of material texture and lattice strains in directions parallel and transverse to an applied mechanical load. By comparing the behaviors of single-phase tetragonal, single-phase rhombohedral, and dual-phase morphotropic compositions, information concerning mechanics of average macroscopic behavior was inferred. In an effort to probe more of the multiaxial constitutive behavior, a high-energy X-ray diffraction technique was employed. Using transmission geometry and a 2-D image plate detector, 36 different directions of sample behavior were measured simultaneously. Polychromatic scanning X-ray microdiffraction was used to investigate the microscale three-dimensional strain tensor in single-crystals. One investigation yielded the first ever direct measurement of the tri-axial strain fields associated with single domain walls in ferroelectrics. The second investigation recorded the domain switching mechanisms activated to accommodate indentation-induced fracture stresses. Finally, 3-D XRD was used to probe the mesoscale constitutive behavior of single, embedded grains of BaTiO3 within a polycrystalline matrix. The experimental methods described in this thesis provide access to two-dimensional and three-dimensional multiaxial constitutive strain behavior in ferroelectrics for each of the microscopic , mesoscopic, and macroscopic length scales. Results from each of these length scales will provide critical data for models attempting to accurately describe the behavior of ferroelectric materials.
Correction to Keselman, Games, and Rogan Keselman, H. J; Games, Paul A; Rogan, Joanne C
Psychological bulletin,
07/1981, Letnik:
90, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In the article, "Type I and Type II Errors in Simultaneous and Two-Stage Multiple Comparison Procedures," by H. J. Keselman, P. A. Games, and J. C. Rogan (
Psychological Bulletin
, 1980, Vol. 88, No. ...2, pp. 356-358; , the last sentence of the first column on page 357 is incorrect. In addition, Table 1 (p. 357) contains an error. Corrections to both errors are published here.
In the article, "Type I and Type II Errors in Simultaneous and Two-Stage Multiple Comparison Procedures," by H. J. Keselman, P. A. Games, and J. C. Rogan ( Psychological Bulletin, 1980, Vol. 88, No. ...2, pp. 356-358; see record 1980-29319-001), the last sentence of the first column on page 357 is incorrect. In addition, Table 1 (p. 357) contains an error. Corrections to both errors are published here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
PDF
