Using two phase-change memory devices per synapse, a three-layer perceptron network with 164 885 synapses is trained on a subset (5000 examples) of the MNIST database of handwritten digits using a ...backpropagation variant suitable for nonvolatile memory (NVM) + selector crossbar arrays, obtaining a training (generalization) accuracy of 82.2% (82.9%). Using a neural network simulator matched to the experimental demonstrator, extensive tolerancing is performed with respect to NVM variability, yield, and the stochasticity, linearity, and asymmetry of the NVM-conductance response. We show that a bidirectional NVM with a symmetric, linear conductance response of high dynamic range is capable of delivering the same high classification accuracies on this problem as a conventional, software-based implementation of this same network.
This paper proposes the expert system for accurate fault detection of bearing. The study is based upon advanced signal processing method as wavelet transform and artificial intelligence technique as ...artificial neural network (ANN) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN), for fault classification of bearing. An adaptive algorithm based on wavelet transform is used to extract the fault classifying features of the bearing from time domain signal. These features have been used as inputs to proposed ANN models and the same features have also been used for KNN. Dedicated experimental setup was used to perform the test upon the bearing. Single data set for four fault conditions of bearing is collected to train ANN and KNN. The processed and normalized data was trained by using backpropagation multilayer perceptron neural network. The results obtained from ANN are compared with KNN, ANN results proved to be highly effective for classification of multiple faults.
•A novel heat exchanger was designed using fin tubes as microchannels.•Flow distribution in microchannels was provided by a 3D printed manifold.•Shell-side heat transfer coefficients up to ...45,000 W/m2 K were obtained.•The heat exchanger can be scaled up in a multitube bundle for larger applications.
This paper discusses the design and performance characterization of a compact tubular manifold microchannel heat exchanger. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of more precise flow distribution in the heat exchanger utilizing an additively manufactured manifold for single-phase flow under low to moderate heat flux conditions. The heat exchanger uses a commercially available enhanced tube having a fin structure on its outer surface and helical pattern of grooves (rifling structure) on the inner bore of the tube. A 3D printed manifold made of ABS plastic was used to properly distribute the flow on the shell-side of the heat exchanger. Water was used as the working fluid for both shell and tube-sides. Single-phase experimental tests showed an overall heat transfer coefficient of 22,000 W/(m2K) and shell-side heat transfer coefficient of 45,000 W/(m2K) for the shell-side and tube-side water flow rates of 82 g/s and 806 g/s, respectively. The shell-side heat transfer coefficient was found to be an order of magnitude higher than that found in typical shell and tube and plate-type heat exchangers.
Point of care ultrasound has become increasingly utilized in pediatric settings. The assessment of cardiac function is one such implementation of this. This study aimed to determine the feasibility ...of parents in acquiring images to assess function using a handheld ultrasound probe and the correlation of fractional shortening measurements by handheld ultrasound with hospital acquired echocardiography. This was a single-center prospective study of parents of pediatric patients admitted to the hospital. Parents underwent a 25-min education session on how to use the handheld ultrasound probe and then were asked to acquire a parasternal short-axis and apical four-chamber image on their own. Acquired images were reviewed by two physicians to determine adequacy of images to assess systolic cardiac function subjectively and objectively. Fractional shortening was measured using parent-acquired images and then compared to recent hospital acquired fractional shortening. A total of 25 parents of 21 patients enrolled and completed the study. Of the enrolled parents, 96% of both parasternal short-axis and apical four-chamber images acquired were deemed appropriate for subjective assessment of systolic function. Inter-reader variability of fractional shortening was moderate between two readers. Correlation of fractional shortening measured from parent-acquired images versus hospital acquired images was moderate. Parents were able to successfully obtain a parasternal short-axis and apical four-chamber image adequate to assess function and quantify fractional shortening after a 25-min education session. This pilot data demonstrate that further exploration of parent-performed point of care cardiac assessment may be warranted.
Low-density lipoprotein nanoparticles reconstituted with the natural omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (LDL-DHA), have been reported to selectively kill hepatoma cells and reduce the growth of ...orthotopic liver tumors in the rat. To date, little is known about the cell death pathways by which LDL-DHA nanoparticles kill tumor cells. Here we show that the LDL-DHA nanoparticles are cytotoxic to both rat hepatoma and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Following LDL-DHA treatment both rat and human HCC cells experience pronounced lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione and inactivation of the lipid antioxidant glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) prior to cell death. Inhibitor studies revealed that the treated HCC cells die independent of apoptotic, necroptotic or autophagic pathways, but require the presence of cellular iron. These hallmark features are consistent and were later confirmed to reflect ferroptosis, a novel form of nonapoptotic iron-dependent cell death. In keeping with the mechanisms of ferroptosis cell death, GPX4 was also found to be a central regulator of LDL-DHA induced tumor cell killing. We also investigated the effects of LDL-DHA treatments in mice bearing human HCC tumor xenografts. Intratumoral injections of LDL-DHA severely inhibited the growth of HCC xenografts long term. Consistent with our in vitro findings, the LDL-DHA treated HCC tumors experienced ferroptotic cell death characterized by increased levels of tissue lipid hydroperoxides and suppression of GPX4 expression. Conclusion: LDL-DHA induces cell death in HCC cells through the ferroptosis pathway, this represents a novel molecular mechanism of anticancer activity for LDL-DHA nanoparticles.
•LDL-DHA nanoparticles are cytotoxic to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.•LDL-DHA treatments induce lipid peroxidation and depletion of GSH and GPX4 in HCC cells.•LDL-DHA treated HCC cells undergo ferroptosis cell death, unlike free DHA which kill HCC cells by apoptosis.•HCC tumors treated with LDL-DHA nanoparticles also experience ferroptotic cell death.
The concept of Advanced Air Mobility involves utilizing cutting-edge transportation platforms to transport passengers and cargo efficiently over short distances in urban and suburban areas. However, ...using simplified atmospheric models for aircraft simulations can prove insufficient for modeling large disturbances impacting low-altitude flight regimes. Due to the complexities of operating in urban environments, realistic wind modeling is necessary to ensure trajectory planning and control design can maintain high levels of safety. In this study, we simulate the dynamic response of a representative advanced air mobility platform operating in wing-borne flight through an urban wind field generated using Large Eddy Simulations (LES) and a wind field created using reduced-order models based on full-order computational solutions. Our findings show that the longitudinal response of the aircraft was not greatly affected by the fidelity of the LES models or if the spatial variation was considered while evaluating the full-order wind model. This is encouraging as it indicates that the full LES generation of the wind field may not be necessary, which decreases the complexity and time needed in this analysis. Differences are present when comparing the lateral response, owing to the differences in the asymmetric loading of the planform in the full and reduced order models. These differences seen in the lateral responses are expected to increase for planforms with smaller wing loadings, which could pose challenges. Additionally, the response of the aircraft to the mean wind field, the temporal average of the full order model, was misrepresentative in the longitudinal response and greatly under-predicted control surface activity, particularly in the lateral response.
Oximetry titrated care: This is the way Loomba, Rohit S.; Flores, Saul; Polaner, David
Pediatric anesthesia,
March 2022, 2022-03-00, 20220301, Letnik:
32, Številka:
3
Journal Article
A hyperinflammatory response to COVID-19 is being described in children. While this presents, and responds to management, similar to that of Kawasaki Disease it is being coined a new entity. But is ...it really? We explore how this phenomenon may be Kawasaki Disease with a new trigger.
Introduction: Across the globe, quality control systems serve as the foundation for providing accurate and precise results, and also immediate error detection. However, many laboratories adhere to ...uniform Quality Control (QC) rules for all parameters, which may result in unnecessary overspending. The present study aimed to establish individual control rules and determine the number of control measurements for each of the 10 parameters using Westgard Entgegen-Zusammen (EZ) Rules 3 software. The cost-effectiveness and benefits of applying these new rules were evaluated, alongside the lot-to-date, lot-tolot, and company-to-company Coefficient of Variation (CV) for quality control materials. Aim: To assess the impact of sigma-metrics-based internal quality planning on lean management in a clinical chemistry laboratory. Materials and Methods: This cost-effective and cost-effective analysis study was conducted using commercially available quality control materials. It was done in the Department of Biochemistry in the Super Specialty Block (SSB) Biochemistry laboratory at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India, from June 2020 to June 2022. Initially, the existing practices were scored. Using Westgard EZ Rules 3 software, OPSpecs charts and power function graphs were plotted using Westgard EZ Rules 3 software, and control rules and the number of control measurements for 10 parameters (Urea, Creatinine, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Uric acid, Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Total protein) were determined. Cost-effective and costbenefit analyses were conducted using quality cost worksheets. A comparison of lot-to-date (month to month), lot-to-lot, and company-to-company CV was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Software version 19.0. Results: In the present study, it was found that ALP, calcium, and magnesium followed the 13S rule, whereas the remaining 7 parameters followed the 13S/22S/R4S/41S/10X rule with two control materials. The study revealed a decrease in cost by 95.8%, 92.3%, and 81.5% for ALT, AST, and creatinine, respectively, and by 71.1%, 68.8%, 59.8%, and 54.9% for uric acid, phosphorus, total protein, and urea, respectively, if the new control rules were followed instead of the existing ones. ALP, magnesium, and calcium showed no cost difference, indicating that the current control rules were similar to the newly framed ones. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in lot-to-date (month to month), lot-to-lot, and company-to-company CV on QC rules for most parameters despite changing reagent lots. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the control rules for each of the 10 parameters (Urea, Creatinine, Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, uric acid, AST, ALT, ALP, and total protein), as well as the comparison of QC material CV, proved to be cost-effective.
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