In preparation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) upgrade to High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), a number of new Nb 3 Sn magnets, including short model and prototype magnets, had to be electrically ...qualified. The process included a number of well-established Electrical Quality Assurance (ELQA) tests, such as electrical continuity checks of the magnet instrumentation, High-Voltage (HV) insulation tests of the magnet and quench heater circuits, and impedance measurements. In certain cases, in order to fully understand the observed effects, we needed to introduce new measurement techniques, in particular both an impedance measurement at specific frequency and a HV insulation test of the quench heaters during high-current quenches of the magnet. Furthermore, in order to localize possible insulation faults, we performed HV insulation tests using an additional multichannel acquisition system with high sampling rate. In this contribution we present in detail the used measurement techniques, explain the safety aspects, and discuss the results and possible further work.
Abstract Introduction The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, radiopacity, pH, and flow of a calcium silicate–based and an epoxy resin–based endodontic sealer, MTA Fillapex (Angelus, ...Londrina, PR, Brazil) and AH Plus (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany), respectively. Methods Cytotoxicity, radiopacity, and flow evaluation were performed following ISO requirements. The pH level was measured at periods of 3, 24, 72, and 168 hours. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to check the Balb/c 3T3 cells viability at 1- to 4-week periods. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and the Tukey test with a significance level of 5%. Results In all tested periods, MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than AH Plus ( P < .05). Although AH Plus presented higher radiopacity than MTA Fillapex ( P < .05), both sealers showed minimum required values. MTA Fillapex presented alkaline pH in all experimental times, whereas AH Plus cement showed a slightly neutral pH and a flow significantly lower than that of MTA Fillapex ( P < .05). Conclusions Although MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than AH Plus, it showed suitable physicochemical properties for an endodontic sealer.
This paper presents a generic framework for fault prognosis using autoencoder-based deep learning methods. The proposed approach relies upon a semi-supervised extrapolation of autoencoder ...reconstruction errors, which can deal with the unbalanced proportion between faulty and non-faulty data in an industrial context to improve systems' safety and reliability. In contrast to supervised methods, the approach requires less manual data labeling and can find previously unknown patterns in data. The technique focuses on detecting and isolating possible measurement divergences and tracking their growth to signalize a fault's occurrence while individually evaluating each monitored variable to provide fault detection and prognosis. Additionally, the paper also provides an appropriate set of metrics to measure the accuracy of the models, which is a common disadvantage of unsupervised methods due to the lack of predefined answers during training. Computational results using the Commercial Modular Aero Propulsion System Simulation (CMAPSS) monitoring data show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
This study investigated the effects of high-intensity resistance training on estimates of the motor neuron persistent inward current (PIC) in older adults. Seventeen participants (68.5 ± 2.8 yr) ...completed a 2-wk nonexercise control period followed by 6 wk of resistance training. Surface electromyographic signals were collected with two 32-channel electrodes placed over soleus to investigate motor unit discharge rates. Paired motor unit analysis was used to calculate delta frequency (ΔF) as an estimate of PIC amplitudes during
) triangular-shaped contractions to 20% of maximum torque capacity and
) trapezoidal- and triangular-shaped contractions to 20% and 40% of maximum torque capacity, respectively, to understand their ability to modulate PICs as contraction intensity increases. Maximal strength and functional capacity tests were also assessed. For the 20% triangular-shaped contractions, ΔF 0.58-0.87 peaks per second (pps);
≤ 0.015 and peak discharge rates (0.78-0.99 pps;
≤ 0.005) increased after training, indicating increased PIC amplitude. PIC modulation also improved after training. During the control period, mean ΔF differences between 20% trapezoidal-shaped and 40% triangular-shaped contractions were 0.09-0.18 pps (
= 0.448 and 0.109, respectively), which increased to 0.44 pps (
< 0.001) after training. Also, changes in ΔF showed moderate to very large correlations (
= 0.39-0.82) with changes in peak discharge rates and broad measures of motor function. Our findings indicate that increased motor neuron excitability is a potential mechanism underpinning training-induced improvements in motor neuron discharge rate, strength, and motor function in older adults. This increased excitability is likely mediated by enhanced PIC amplitudes, which are larger at higher contraction intensities.
Resistance training elicited important alterations in soleus intrinsic motor neuronal excitability, likely mediated by enhanced persistent inward current (PIC) amplitude, in older adults. Estimates of PICs increased after the training period, accompanied by an enhanced ability to increase PIC amplitudes at higher contraction intensities. Our data also suggest that changes in PIC contribution to self-sustained discharging may contribute to increases in motor neuron discharge rates, maximal strength, and functional capacity in older adults after resistance training.
Abstract : The objective of this work was to apply a multivariate index of vigor in soybean seeds to identify the differential effects of the genotypes x environments interaction on the quality of ...the seeds produced in the 2016/2017 harvest season. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, organized in the factorial scheme, with five seed production environments x 20 soybean genotypes, arranged in four replications. The seed production environments of Tenente Portela - RS and Santa Rosa - RS soybeans are characterized as the environments that express the highest magnitude for seed vigor index, however biometrically Sarandi - RS has been defined as the optimal environment for the production of high vigor seeds according to the tested genotypes. High seed vigor index were expressed for the genotypes TMG 7161 RR, AMS Tibagi RR, BMX Magna RR, Fepagro 37 RR and NA 5909 RG. The differential effects of the genotypes x production environments interaction of soybean seeds influenced by more than 68% the vigor index of the seeds produced.
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar um índice multivariado de vigor em sementes da soja para identificar os efeitos diferenciais da interação genótipos x ambientes na qualidade das sementes produzidas na safra 2016/2017. O experimento foi conduzido na safra agrícola de 2016/2017 em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, organizado no esquema fatorial, sendo: cinco ambientes de produção de sementes (Santa Rosa - RS, Tenente Portela - RS, Campos Borges - RS, Sarandi - RS e Pelotas - RS) x 20 genótipos de soja, dispostos em quatro repetições. Os ambientes de produção de sementes da soja de Tenente Portela - RS e Santa Rosa - RS caracterizam-se como os ambientes que expressam maior magnitude para o índice de vigor das sementes, entretanto biometricamente Sarandi - RS definiu-se como o ambiente ótimo para a produção de sementes de alto vigor diante dos genótipos testados. Elevado índice de vigor das sementes foram expressos para os genótipos TMG 7161 RR, AMS Tibagi RR, BMX Magna RR, Fepagro 37 RR e NA 5909 RG. Os efeitos diferenciais da interação genótipos x ambientes de produção das sementes de soja influencia em mais de 68% o índice de vigor das sementes produzidas.
Resumo Este artigo apresenta os resultados da revisão narrativa sobre as fake news ocorridas durante o período mais crítico da pandemia de covid-19. Foi realizada uma busca por palavras nas bases de ...dados da BVSMS, BVSalud e Scielo, utilizando-se a expressão fake news AND covid-19, notícia falsa AND covid-19 e desinformación AND Covid-19, por ser expressões que atendiam aos dois idiomas selecionados para a revisão: português e espanhol. O critério de inclusão privilegiou os artigos que utilizaram a web como fonte das pesquisas, publicados entre 2020 e 2022. Foram analisados 24 artigos, sendo 14 escritos em língua portuguesa e 10 em espanhol. O ano de 2022 concentrou o maior número de publicações (n=11), e concluiu-se que as redes sociais são os veículos de maior disseminação desse tipo de desinformação. A disseminação das fake news durante o segundo ano da pandemia de covid-19 foi tão preocupante quanto a própria doença, mas a literatura ainda não explorou suficiente o fenômeno que ainda acompanha a pandemia ainda não finalizada. A maioria dos textos analisados aconselham a utilização da estratégia disseminadora de notícias para divulgar informações úteis sobre saúde, concluindo-se que os estudos analisados demonstraram que as notícias falsas estavam incompletas ou enganosas, mas a maioria foi não intencional.
Abstract This article presents the results of the narrative review on fake news that occurred during the most critical period of the COVID-19 pandemic. A word search was carried out in the BVSMS, BVSalud, and Scielo databases, using the expression fake news AND COVID-19, notícia falsa AND COVID-19, and desinformación AND COVID-19, since these expressions addressed the two languages selected for the review: Portuguese and Spanish. The inclusion criterion favored articles that used the web as a source of research, published between 2020 and 2022. A total of 24 articles were analyzed, 14 written in Portuguese and 10 in Spanish. The year 2022 concentrated the largest number of publications (n=11), and we concluded that social networks are the vehicles for the greatest dissemination of this type of information. The spread of fake news during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic was as worrying as the disease itself, but the literature has not explored sufficiently the phenomenon that still follows the pandemic still underway. Most of the analyzed texts advised to the use of the news dissemination strategy to disseminate useful information about health, concluding that the analyzed studies demonstrated that the false news were incomplete or misleading, but most were unintentional.
Objectives
The action of stress hormones, mainly glucocorticoids, starts and coordinates the systemic response to stressful events. The HPA axis activity is predicated on information processing and ...modulation by upstream centres, such as the hippocampus where adult‐born neurons (hABN) have been reported to be an important component in the processing and integration of new information. Still, it remains unclear whether and how hABN regulates HPA axis activity and CORT production, particularly when considering sex differences.
Materials and Methods
Using both sexes of a transgenic rat model of cytogenesis ablation (GFAP‐Tk rat model), we examined the endocrinological and behavioural effects of disrupting the generation of new astrocytes and neurons within the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG).
Results
Our results show that GFAP‐Tk male rats present a heightened acute stress response. In contrast, GFAP‐Tk female rats have increased corticosterone secretion at nadir, a heightened, yet delayed, response to an acute stress stimulus, accompanied by neuronal hypertrophy in the basal lateral amygdala and increased expression of the glucocorticoid receptors in the ventral DG.
Conclusions
Our results reveal that hABN regulation of the HPA axis response is sex‐differentiated.
Cytogenesis ablation in the adult brain of female rats leads to HPA axis disruption. Female, but not male, GFAP‐Tk rats show increased corticosterone secretion at nadir, a heightened, yet delayed, response to an acute stress, neuronal hypertrophy in the basal lateral amygdala and increased glucocorticoid receptor expression in the ventral DG. These results reveal a sex‐differentiated hABN regulation of the HPA axis response.
Maintenance policies are crucial for ensuring the reliability, safety, and longevity of a system, as well as reducing the risk of accidents. Preventive maintenance (PM) is an effective strategy to ...keep equipment and systems in good working order by fixing potential issues before they cause downtime or safety hazards. However, optimizing the time intervals between PM activities is essential for minimizing the overall maintenance cost. This paper proposes an innovative approach that considers the intervention level of maintenance activities as an independent variable of PM times. The approach provides greater flexibility in creating maintenance plans, as it considers practical aspects that may impact maintenance activities beyond the time interval between PMs. The proposed approach uses a reliability model that incorporates imperfect preventive maintenance and a variable improvement factor based on age reduction. The improvement factor of each preventive maintenance activity (PMA) is defined based on the intervention level of the activity itself, which is determined by the number of tasks performed, execution time, and the number of items replaced in the maintenance plan. The proposed maintenance strategy determines not only the optimal times for PMAs and the respective intervention level but also the optimal number of maintenance activities that minimize the total maintenance cost along a fixed and user-defined planning horizon. The effectiveness and precision of the approach have been demonstrated through a series of numerical examples and a comprehensive case study involving three heat exchangers situated within the hydroelectric power plant.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability, stability, and environmental stratification of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in 20 environments, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, ...Brazil. The experiments were performed during four crop years, in five wheat growing regions, considering 20 distinct growing environments. In the presence of genotype x environment (GxE) interaction, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI) method was used. This method combines variances of additive effects of genotypes and environments with the multiplicative effects of GxE interaction, and the obtained scores are displayed in biplot graphs, using the principal component analysis. The environments stratified by the factor analysis, and the macroenvironments were defined according to grain yield behavior. The patterns of adaptability and phenotypic stability for genotypes 'BRS 327', 'BRS 331', 'Fundacep Raízes', 'BRS 328', and 'BRS Guamirim' were obtained through the multivariate biometric approaches AMMI and the factor analysis. The definition of macroenvironments is intrinsic to peculiarities of the crop year in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and there is similarity between the municipalities of Santo Augusto, Cachoeira do Sul, and São Luiz Gonzaga, as well as between Cachoeira do Sul and São Gabriel.
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade, a estabilidade e a estratificação ambiental de trigo (Triticum aestivum) em 20 ambientes, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os experimentos foram realizados durante quatro anos agrícolas, em cinco regiões de cultivo, tendo-se considerado 20 ambientes distintos. Na presença da interação genótipo x ambiente (GxA), utilizou-se o método “additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis” (AMMI). Este método combina as variâncias dos efeitos aditivos dos genótipos e dos ambientes com os efeitos multiplicativos da interação GxA, e os escores obtidos são mostrados em gráficos biplot, com uso de análise de componentes principais. A estratificação dos ambientes foi obtida com análise fatorial, e os macroambientes foram definidos de acordo com o comportamento do rendimento de grãos. Os padrões de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica dos genótipos 'BRS 327', 'BRS 331', 'Fundacep Raízes', 'BRS 328' e 'BRS Guamirim' foram obtidos por meio dos métodos biométricos multivariados AMMI e análise de fatores. A definição de macroambientes é intrínseca a peculiaridades dos anos agrícolas, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e há similaridade entre os municípios de Santo Augusto, Cachoeira do Sul e São Luiz Gonzaga, bem como entre Cachoeira do Sul e São Gabriel.
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