Summary
Background
Thiopurine‐induced leukopenia is the most common dangerous adverse event in Asians. NUDT15 R139C was recently proposed to be a promising biomarker for leukopenia with thiopurine ...therapy in Asians, but this has not been replicated in the Chinese population.
Aim
To investigate the influence of NUDT15 R139C, thiopurine S‐methyltransferase (TPMT), 6‐TGN and 6‐MMPR on thiopurine‐induced leukopenia in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease.
Methods
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were reviewed from medical records. NUDT15 R139C and TPMT were genotyped. 6‐TGN/6‐MMPR concentrations were measured with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results
A total of 253 patients were included, 65 (25.7%) of whom experienced leukopenia. The median follow‐up with thiopurine treatment was 38.0 weeks (range, 1–192 weeks). NUDT15 R139C was strongly associated with the incidence of leukopenia (70.2% mutation vs. 12.8% wild type; P=8.61×10−19; odds ratio, 10.80; 95% CI, 5.89–19.83). However, TPMT genotype was not found to be correlated with the incidence of leukopenia (P = 0.44). In subgroup of NUDT15 wild type, there was significant difference of 6TGN concentration between patients with and without leukopenia (413.0 (174.2–831.4) vs. 279.7 (77.3–666.9) pmol/8 × 108 RBC, P = 0.0055). In contrast, no association was found in patients with NUDT15 R139C variant alleles (P = 0.26). 6‐MMPR was not correlated with leukopenia (P = 0.84).
Conclusions
In Chinese patients, it is strongly recommended to detect NUDT15 genotype rather than TPMT before initiating thiopurine drugs. 6TGN concentration should be routinely monitored in CD patients with NUDT15 wild type. As for CT genotype, starting at low dose and careful monitoring for leukopenia and 6TGN levels is recommended.
Labile carbon is the fraction of soil organic carbon with most rapid turnover times and its oxidation drives the flux of CO
2 between soils and atmosphere. Available chemical and physical ...fractionation methods for estimating soil labile organic carbon are indirect and lack a clear biological definition. We have modified the well-established Jenkinson and Powlson's fumigation–incubation technique to estimate soil labile organic carbon using a sequential fumigation–incubation procedure. We define soil labile organic carbon as the fraction of soil organic carbon degradable during microbial growth, assuming that labile organic carbon oxidizes according to a simple negative exponential model. We used five mineral soils and a forest Oa horizon to represent a wide range of organic carbon levels. Soil labile organic carbon varied from 0.8
mg/g in an Entisol to 17.3
mg/g in the Oa materials. Potential turnover time ranged from 24 days in an Alfisol to 102 days in an Ultisol. Soil labile organic carbon contributed from 4.8% in the Alfisol to 11.1% in the Ultisol to the total organic carbon. This new procedure is a relatively easy and simple method for obtaining indices for both the pool sizes and potential turnover rates of soil labile organic carbon and provides a new approach to studying soil organic carbon.
Good high-temperature property is of great significance for TiAl/Ni joint. In this work, a (Ni60Nb15Zr15Ti10)98Co2 BMG was designed and applied as the filler metal to join TiAl- and Ni-based ...superalloy utilizing TPB method. Good physical prebonding was firstly achieved at temperatures much lower than the melting point by superplastic filling of the BMG and metallurgical bonding was then realized through solid-state atomic diffusion at higher temperatures. Superplastic filling and crystallization behaviors of the BMG in the superliquid region were analyzed and the experimental results indicated that after superplastic deformation in the superliquid region, no crystallization occurred and a compact contacting between base metals and filler metal was achieved. Temperature plays an important role in microstructure evolution of the joint. With increasing the diffusion temperature, the reaction layer between the Ni-based alloy and BMG become thicker. Small isotropic phases derived from crystallization of the amorphous with the dimension ranging from nanoscale to several micro of the joint were formed in the joint after bonding. Focused Ion beam (FIB), transition electron microscope (TEM) and selected area electro diffraction (SAED) were applied to further determine the small isotropic phases. Shearing tests performed at room temperature and 1023K were used to examine the strength of the joint and the results showed that the shear strength at room temperature and at 1023K were as high as 365 MPa and 260 MPa.
•A Ni-based bulk metallic glass was designed and applied as the filler metal to thermoplastic braze TiAl- and Ni-based alloys.•A sound joint was obtained through superplastic deformation in the superliquid region and atomic diffusion below the melting point.•The microstructure within the joint was characterized using SEM, XRD, FIB and TEM.•The shear strength of joint at room temperature and at 1023K were365 MPa and 260 MPa respectively.
To explore whether hsa_circ_0000670 promotes the progression of gastric cancer by regulating the miR-515-5p/SIX1 molecular axis.
The gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues of 35 gastric cancer ...patients admitted to Rugao Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University from 2014 to 2015 were collected. The expression levels of circ_0000670, miR-515-5p and Sine oculis homeobox 1 (SIX1) in gastric cancer tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The correlations between circ_0000670 and miR-515-5p, miR-515-5p and SIX1, circ_0000670 and SIX1 were analyzed by the Pearson method. Patients were divided into low circ_0000670 expression group (17 cases) and high circ_0000670 expression group (18 cases) based on the median of circ_0000670 expression level, and Kaplan-Meier was used to analyze the 5-year survival of patients. Cell proliferation was assessed via clone formation assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Wound healing
•Evaluated data for Aluminum are validated by a high precision benchmark experiment.•Leakage neutron spectra from pure Aluminum slab are measured at 60∘ and 120∘ using time of flight method.•The ...experimental results are compared with the MCNP calculations with the evaluated data from different libraries.
In the integral benchmark experiment presented here, an aluminium (Al) slab sample (300 mm × 300 mm × 100 mm) was irradiated with Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) fusion neutrons. The neutrons leaking from the sample were detected by a BC501A organic liquid scintillator through the time-of-flight (TOF) method; the neutron energy spectra were derived from the as-obtained TOF curves by considering the detector efficiency. For comparison, some leakage neutron spectra were also simulated by combining a Monte Carlo neutron transport code with evaluated nuclear data from the ENDF/B-VIII.0, JENDL-4.0 and CENDL-3.1 libraries. All the calculated values agreed with the experimental data within 10%, except for a few energy ranges. The values predicted using the ENDF/B-VIII.0 library were lower and higher than the measured ones at below and higher above 4 MeV, respectively; the data based on the CENDL-3.1 and JEDNL-4.0 libraries exhibited some larger differences in the 9.5–12 MeV range at 120∘. The possible causes of these discrepancies are also discussed.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential mechanisms of dietary arginine (Arg) and N-carbamoylglutamate (NCG) supplementation on reproductive performance of sows. Twenty-seven ...crossbred (Landrace×Large White) sows with similar body weight and parity at day (90±1) of gestation were assigned randomly into 3 groups (n=9) control group, Arg group, NCG group, and fed with the following diets: a control diet, and the control diet supplemented with 1.0% Arg or 0.1% NCG. Litter size was recorded. Blood samples were obtained for biochemical analyses. Placenta chorioallantoic membrane tissue collected immediately after birth to preserve in RNA stabilizer for mRNA analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), endothelial growth factor a (VEGFA) and placenta growth factor 1 (PlGF1) by real time-PCR. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average birth weight of all piglets born alive were 16.2% and 14.3% higher in the Arg and NCG groups (P<0.05), respectively; plasma VEGFA was higher in the Arg group (P<0.05). The expression of VEGFA in the allantochorion tissue of the NCG-supplemented group was higher (P<0.01), and tended to be higher in the Arg-supplemented group (0.05<P<0.1). NCG significantly increased protein concentration of PlGF1 in plasma (P<0.05), and enhanced PlGF1mRNA expression in allantochorion tissue of placenta (P<0.01). The results suggested that dietary Arg and NCG supplementation play important roles in meliorating placental vascular function and promoting the nutrients supply to fetus.
Ag-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on quartz glass substrates by a radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature (RT). The influence of Ag doping content on the ...electrical and Raman scattering properties of ZnO films were systematically investigated by Hall measurement system and Raman scattering spectrum. Two additional local vibrational modes (LVMs) at 230.0 and 394.5 cm
−1 induced by Ag dopant in ZnO:Ag films were observed by Raman analyses at RT, corresponding to Ag atoms located at O sites (LV M
Zn−Ag) and Zn sites (LV M
Ag−O) in ZnO lattice. Moreover, we further studied the effect of donor Ag
O and acceptor Ag
Zn defects on the electrical properties of ZnO:Ag films. The results indicate that O-rich condition is preferred to suppress the formation of Ag
O defects and enhance Ag
Zn defects. The p-type ZnO:Ag film was achieved by properly optimizing the annealing conditions under O-rich condition.
► Ag doped ZnO thin films. ► Two additional LVMs (LV M
Zn−Ag and LV M
Ag−O) were observed under Zn-rich condition. ► O-rich condition is preferred to suppress the formation of Ag
O and enhance Ag
Zn. ► The p-type ZnO:Ag film was achieved under O-rich condition.
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▶ LSP introduce residual compressive stress effectively that influence on fatigue properties. ▶ The spacing among the fatigue striations in shock area is narrow and the number is ...large after LSP. ▶ LSP successfully enhances the yield strength and tensile strength.
The aim of this paper was to identify the effect of laser shock peening (LSP) on the fatigue crack initiation and propagation of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy. The laser shocked specimen in which residual compressive stress is mechanically produced into the surface showed a very high dislocation density within the grains. This was evident throughout the LSP region. The spacing among the fatigue striations in the LSP region was narrow, which indicated that LSP had an obvious inhibitory action to fatigue crack initiation and growth. In contrast, the region without LSP exhibited an extremely low dislocation density. And LSP improved 7050-T7451 alloy specimens’ fatigue intensity.
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