Cilj je ovog rada produbiti razumijevanje etičkih dilema i izazova u radu stručnjaka pomagačkih profesija u području nasilja nad starijim osobama. Nasilje prema ljudima u starijoj dobi je ...višedimenzionalan i složen medicinski, pravni i društveni problem. Najčešći su sukobi u pravu starijih osoba na autonomiju/samoodređenje i dužnosti stručnjaka da ih zaštiti. Nepostojanje jasnih i ujednačenih definicija, zakonskih propisa i smjernica za djelovanje otežava stručnjacima rad, izbor strategija i intervencija u nekoj situaciji. Osim navedenih etičkih izazova, pojavljuje se i izazov dužnosti prijavljivanja nasilja, pri čemu stručnjaci nemaju jasne upute ni zaštitu, zatim manjak edukacije za specifično područje nasilja nad starijim osobama te neostvarivosti djelovanja multidisciplinarnog pristupa. Nadalje, stručnjacima je izazov u radu i niska razina društvene osviještenosti za ovu problematiku te percepcija starijih osoba koje ne žele pomoć, odnosno nisu sklone prijavljivanju. Polazeći od teorijskog znanja, profesionalnog iskustva, vrijednosnih načela propisanih u profesionalnim etičkim kodeksima, poznavanja okvira za donošenje etičkih odluka te napose poznavanja individualnih obilježja i situacije u kojima se nasilje dogodilo ili se događa, stručnjacima bi u najvećem broju slučajeva trebalo biti moguće donijeti ispravnu, etički utemeljenu odluku.
The aim of this paper is to deepen the understanding of the problem of violence against the elderly for experts in helping professions, given the frequent conflict of basic ethical principles. It is a multidimensional and complex medical, legal and social problem. The most common conflicting principles occur in the field of the right of the elderly to self-determination and the duties of experts in their protection. The lack of clear and uniform definitions, legal provisions and guidelines for action makes it difficult for experts to work, choose strategies and interventions in a particular situation. In addition to these ethical challenges, there is the challenge of reporting, with experts lacking clear guidance and protection, lack of education in the specific field of violence against the elderly, and the impracticability of the multidisciplinary approach. Furthermore, the challenge in the work of experts is represented by the low level of public awareness about this issue and the perception of the elderly as people who do not want help or are not inclined to report. Starting from theoretical knowledge, professional experience, value principles prescribed in professional codes of ethics, knowledge of the framework for ethical decision-making and especially knowledge of individual characteristics and situations in which violence occurred or occurs, experts should be able to make, in the majority of cases, the right, ethically based decision.
Elderly dehydration and malnutrition are very common types of elder abuse and neglect in nursing homes. Malnutrition and dehydration of the elderly in nursing homes are two of the most common health ...problems faced by users. They are also a leading sign of neglect and inadequate care and are often the result of negligence. It is the responsibility of the home staff to provide their users with adequate food and fluid. Staff and administrators have a legal responsibility to take reasonable care of the safety and well-being of their users and others who come to the facility. Part of this is the duty to provide adequate food and water to the users to avoid malnutrition and dehydration. In most cases, proper nutrition and hydration involves developing a diet plan and schedule to meet the individual needs of each patient. This includes considering any physical or mental health issues a patient may have, as well as any nutritional needs of that patient. Failure to meet these needs can be considered negligence or transgression. The risk of developing these conditions is much higher in the elderly, as well as the serious side effects as a result. It is therefore crucial that the staff of the establishment is appropriately trained to predict whether the beneficiary is malnourished or dehydrated. Key words: the elderly; nursing homes; dehydration; malnutrition; neglect
Starenjem populacije povećava se i broj osoba oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti, koja čini oko 2/3 svih demencija.
Radi se o teškoj, progresivnoj i za sada neizlječivoj bolesti, koja se manifestira ...kroz gubitak kognitivnih i emocionalnih sposobnosti, gubitak pamćenja te nemogućnost samostalnog življenja što zahtijeva
cjelodnevnu skrb o oboljeloj osobi. Uloga socijalnih služba i socijalnih radnika postaje od velike važnosti, ponajprije u vidu pomoći skrbnicima i oboljelim osobama tijekom svih faza bolesti, ali i nakon smrti oboljele osobe u vidu podrške obitelji. Skrbnici se suočavaju s različitim problemima, nedostatkom financijskih resursa i podrške šire okoline. Demencije u svim svojim oblicima i fazama, zbog svojih posebnosti i povećanja broja oboljelih, predstavljaju javno-zdravstveni problem i izazov kako za društvo u cijelosti tako i za samu struku socijalnog rada.
Uloga socijalnih radnika u skrbi za oboljele osobe uključuje pružanje podržavajućih, terapeutskih i edukativnih usluga osobama oboljelima od demencije, članovima njihovih obitelji i ostalim skrbnicima.
Excessive alcohol consumption and the exposure of the elderly to family violence are in close connection. They represent both a general and social problem from a legal, medical and social aspect. The ...objectives of this study were to 1) test the frequency of alcohol consumption in older persons with respect to certain social and demographic characteristics; and 2) test the correlation between alcohol consumption and family violence towards the elderly. The sample used in this study was constructed as probabilistic with a random selection of participants in order to ensure representativeness for the City of Zagreb population over 65 years. The study included 1000 persons older than 65, among which 38% were male (N = 380) and 62% female (N = 620). The results showed a significantly more frequent consumption of alcohol among older men aged between 65 and 74, elderly people with life partners (unmarried), and financially independent older persons. A correlation between alcohol consumption frequency and exposure to violence was also established, as well as that older persons who consume alcohol are more likely to commit acts of violence. Further research is needed on the risk and protective factors for specific forms of family violence so as to detect the causes of violence within families as well as mechanisms that al- leviate coping with violence.
With the aging of the population, there is also an increasing number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease, which makes up 2/3 of all types of dementia. This serious, progressive and, so far, ...incurable disease is manifested by the loss of cognitive and emotional abilities, loss of memory, and inability to live independently, which requires continuing care for the sick person. The role of social services and social workers is becoming very important, mainly in helping caregivers and sick persons during all stages of the disease, but also after the death of the sick person in the form of providing support to the family. Caregivers face various problems, including lack of financial resources and support from the community. Because of its specific characteristics and an increasing number of affected people, all forms and stages of dementia represent a problem of public health and a challenge for the society as a whole, and also for the profession of social work. The role of social workers in caring for the sick includes giving comfort and providing therapeutic and training services to people suffering from dementia, their family members and other caregivers.
Alzheimerova demencija predstavlja javnozdravstveni problem te je broj oboljelih starijih osoba, sukladno demografskim trendovima, u svakodnevnom porastu. Budući da ne postoji mogućnost izlječenja, ...značajno je rano prepoznavanje bolesti, odgoda uznapredovalih stadija bolesti, prilagodba svakodnevnog života te održavanje kvalitete života. Uz značajnu farmakološku terapiju važnu ulogu imaju i pristupi s naglaskom na kreativne metode koje usporavaju tijek bolesti, pridonose kontroli simptoma, povećanju samopoštovanja, boljoj komunikaciji te socijalizaciji oboljele starije osobe. U radu je prikazan pregled pojedinih pristupa iz područja kreativne terapije (likovna terapija, muzikoterapija, terapija pokretom i plesom, reminiscencija, biblioterapija), njihovi učinci u radu s osobama oboljelim od Alzheimerove demencije i njihovim skrbnicima te prikaz primjena kreativnih metoda uz pomoć asistivne tehnologije. Kreativne metode prikladne su i za članove obitelji i druge osobe koje skrbe za ovu populaciju. Potrebno je približiti teoriju i praksu te zagovarati i osigurati da pristup skrbi usmjerenoj na osobu ne ostane sveden na teorijske postavke, već da se primijeni u stvarnom životu osoba oboljelih od Alzheimerove demencije.
Alzheimer’s disease is a public health problem, and the number of affected elderly is growing. Since there is no possibility of healing or cure, the significance is on early recognition of disease, delay of the advanced stages of illness, adaptation of everyday life and maintenance of quality of life. Along with important pharmacological therapy, approaches focusing on creative methods also have an important role because they slow down the course of the disease, contribute to symptom control, increase self-confidence, and improve communication and socialisation of elderly people with Alzheimer’s. This paper presents an overview of some approaches from the field of creative therapy (art, music therapy, dance and movement therapy, reminiscence, bibliotherapy) and their effects on people with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers, and also an overview of creative methods using assistive technology. Creative methods are suitable for family members and other persons involved in caring for this population. It is necessary to connect theory and practice, and to advocate for moving the person-centred care approach from theoretical settings into the real life of people with Alzheimer’s disease.
Cilj ovog rada je prikazati mentalno zdravlje osoba oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti opisivanjem neuropsihijatrijskih
simptoma koji se javljaju tijekom bolesti te putem sustavnog prikaza ...istraživanja prevalencije navedenih simptoma.
Neuropsihijatrijski simptomi Alzheimerove bolesti su simptomi koji uključuju promjene ličnosti, poremećaje
raspoloženja, motoričkih aktivnosti i brojne druge promjene koje osim samog oboljelog mogu opaziti i osobe u
okolini bolesnika (liječnici, njegovatelji i dr.). Također, simptomi negativno utječu ne samo na oboljele, već i na osobe
oko njih (obitelj, njegovatelji, sustav skrbi za oboljele, te cjelokupno društvo).
Rad prikazuje Alzheimerovu bolest općenito i njezine neuropsihijatrijske simptome njihovim definiranjem, opisom,
načinom tretmana, mjerenjem i grupiranjem. U radu je prikazana i prevalencija neuropsihijatrijskih simptoma, te
su nalazi dobiveni sustavnom analizom dostupnih istraživanja uspoređeni s nalazima ranijih istraživanja. Tako su
najčešći bili simptomi apatije, depresije i iritabilnosti, a najrjeđi simptomi euforije i halucinacije, što je bilo u skladu s
nalazima ranijih istraživanja (uz manja odstupanja, koja su također prikazana u radu). S obzirom na očekivani porast
starijih osoba u društvu te samim tim i oboljelih od raznih vrsta demencije (od kojih je Alzheimerova bolest najčešća),
očekivano je da će rasti interes kako za samu bolest, tako i za njezine simptome.
Cilj ovog rada je širenje spoznaja o nasilju nad osobama starije životne dobi. Zlostavljanje starijih odnosi se na svako ponašanje u sklopu ljudskih povjerenja, koje na neki način šteti starijoj ...osobi. Zlostavljanje starijih podrazumijeva psihičko zlostavljanje, tjelesno zlostavljanje, seksualno zlostavljanje, financijsko (ekonomsko) zlostavljanje i zanemarivanje. O fenomenu nasilja u trećoj životnoj dobi nema mnogo podataka kako u svijetu tako ni u Hrvatskoj. U radu se sažeto prikazuju teorijska objašnjenja, uzroci i oblici zanemarivanja i zlostavljanja starijih osoba, čimbenici koji tome doprinose te prevencija istog. Također su prikazani neki rezultati istraživanja s područja zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja starijih osoba. S obzirom na demografske trendove i sve veći broj osoba starijih od 65 godina u ukupnoj populaciji, realno je očekivati da će fenomen zlostavljanja starijih osoba tek zaokupiti pažnju i interes kako stručnjaka tako i šire javnosti.
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