Since June 2022, the Central Museum of Prisoners-of-War (Poland) has been carrying out a multidisciplinary research project entitled “Science for Society, Society for Science at the Site of National ...Remembrance in Łambinowice.” The aim of this article is to discuss the preliminary results of selected non-invasive and invasive archaeological and ethnographic research realized during the first months of the field activities. Additionally, they show the value of so-called community archaeology in which the participation of local inhabitants in field research is an important element of applied methodology.
Summary This paper examines the influence of the biographical experience of monetary policy committee members on their performance in managing inflation and output volatility. Our sample covers major ...OECD countries in the 1999 to 2010 period. Using data envelopment analysis, we study the efficiency of monetary policy committees. Then, we look at the determinants of these performances. The results in particular show that (i) in crisis times, a smaller committee is more efficient, (ii) policymakers' background influence the performance, with a positive role for committee members coming from academia, central banks and the financial sector, although the latter lost their edge during the Great Recession. It is also shown that some committees have reduced the inefficiency created by the crisis more rapidly than others.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the energy-protein balance of feed rations for Montbéliarde cows on the basis of protein and urea content in their milk. In 2016 the herd numbered 319 cows, with ...mean yield 9,374 kg of milk. The cows were housed in a free-stall barn on deep litter and fed Total Mixed Rations (TMR), the composition of which was balanced according to Deutsche Landwirtschafts Gesellschaft (DLG) norms. The data used in the study were obtained from milk performance evaluations. It was found that only 22.9% of milk samples indicated that the cows were appropriately supplied with protein and energy. Excess protein (>3.6%) was observed in 41.4% of cases of optimum urea content, which suggests an energy
surplus in the feed rations. In 3.9% of samples optimal urea content was accompanied by an insufficient protein level (<3.2%), which may be indicative of an energy deficit. An excessive urea level was noted in as many as 22.9% of samples, including 9.3% with a protein level indicating an excessive supply of energy and 2.6%
with a protein level indicating an energy deficit. Samples indicating a correct energy-protein balance in the feed rations were noted least often in feeding group 5 (4.5%) and in the cows with the lowest daily yield (4.3%). In each feeding group the protein level in the milk indicated an excessive supply of energy more often than a
deficiency, and in groups 4 and 5 the percentage of samples in which the protein level exceeded 3.6% was very high (84.7% and 92.4%, respectively). In the case of lower daily yield (≤15 and 15.1-25 kg), a protein deficiency in the feed rations was noted more often (30.1% and 17.7% of samples) than an excessive level (4.3% and 11.6%). In the case of higher yield (>25 kg) the tendencies were reversed, i.e. a higher percentage of samples were indicative of excessive protein (21.5-34.1%) and fewer suggested a deficit (1.6-6.7%). In the case of optimal protein and urea levels in the milk (group 5), the daily yield of the cows was 37 kg of milk. It contained 3.7% fat, 3.43% protein, 4.87% lactose and 12.6% dry matter. The cows producing milk with protein and energy levels indicating a deficiency of energy and an excess of protein in the feed rations were much more productive (group 3). Daily yield of cows whose milk had an insufficient level of urea (groups 1, 4 and 7) was much lower than in the case of the cows whose milk had too much urea (groups 3, 6 and 9). The lowest daily yield (19.5 kg), accompanied by the highest content of protein (4.02%) and dry matter (13.5%) and one of the highest levels of fat (4.16%), was noted in the group in which the protein and urea levels in the milk suggested a protein deficiency and an excess of energy in the feed. It can be concluded from the analysis that the results of milk performance evaluations regarding protein and urea levels in the milk should be given greater consideration in composing TMR feeds for various feeding groups.
We assess the sustainability of external imbalances for EU countries using panel stationarity tests of Current Account (CA) balance-to-GDP ratios and panel cointegration of exports and imports of ...goods and services, for the period 1970Q1–2015Q4. We find that: i) the country panel is non-stationary; ii) cross-sectional dependence plays an important role; iii) there is non-stationarity of the CA, imports, and exports with cross-sectional panel dependence and multiple structural breaks; iv) however, there is a stable long-run relationship between exports and imports in the panel. Hence, trade imbalances can be less unsustainable but this is not sufficient to make current account imbalances sustainable.
This article investigates the degree of financial integration of the Eastern European countries with global and regional financial markets and compares it with the core of the euro area. A Bayesian ...dynamic factor model was utilized to uncover global, regional and country factors driving the co-movement of rates of return of stock indexes. In the case of the Eurozone, the role of the country and international factor was extremely stable over the analyzed period. The composition of the international factor changed over time with the share of the global factor increasing during the time of the global financial crisis.
The share of the country factor in the EMU was around 10%, while it was around 20% in Visegrad 4, indicating very strong international ties between the capital markets.
Second-stage palliation with hemi-Fontan or bidirectional Glenn procedures has improved the outcomes of patients treated for single-ventricle heart disease. The aim of this study was to ...retrospectively analyze risk factors for death after second-stage palliation of single-ventricle heart and to compare therapeutic results achieved with the hemi-Fontan and bidirectional Glenn procedures.
We analyzed 60 patients who had undergone second-stage palliation for single-ventricle heart. Group HF consisted of 23 (38.3%) children who had been operated with the hemi-Fontan method; Group BDG consisted of 37 (61.7%) who had been operated with the bidirectional Glenn method. The analysis focused on 30-day postoperative mortality rates, clinical and echocardiographic data, and early complications.
The patients' ages at the time of repair was 33 ± 11.2 weeks; weight was 6.7 ± 1.2 kg. The most common anatomic subtype was hypoplastic left heart syndrome, in 36 (60%) patients. The early mortality rate was 13.3%. Significant preoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation, single-ventricle heart dysfunction, pneumonia/sepsis, and arrhythmias were associated with higher mortality rates after second-stage palliation. Multivariate analysis identified significant preoperative single-ventricle heart dysfunction as an independent predictor of early death after second-stage palliation. No differences were found in the analyzed variables after bidirectional Glenn compared with hemi-Fontan procedures.
Significant preoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation, arrhythmias and pneumonia/sepsis are closely correlated with mortality in patients with single-ventricle heart after second-stage palliation. Preoperative significant single-ventricle heart dysfunction is an independent mortality predictor in this group of patients. There are no differences in clinical, echocardiographic data, or outcomes in patients treated with the hemi-Fontan compared with bidirectional Glenn procedures.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the free approach to automatic milking system of primiparous (PP) Holstein-Friesian cows with varying locomotion score on the milking frequency, ...yield per milking and daily milk yield in the subsequent phases of lactation, and the consequent production and economical losses. The evaluation of cows' locomotion was successively repeated in seven consecutive months, using a five-point scale of posture and movement assessment. It has been found that in the case of analysed PP cows with the locomotion score 4 led to reduction in the milk production by 11% in third stage of lactation compared to the healthy PP. PP cows with locomotion score 4 less frequent went to milking robot and was characterized by the lowest daily milk production.
Packaging material should guarantee the longest possible shelf life of food and help to maintain its quality. The aim of the study was to assess the physicochemical changes taking place during 28-day ...ageing of beef steaks packed in two types of multilayer films containing biodegradable polymers – polylactic acid (NAT/PLA) and Mater-Bi® (NAT/MBI). The control group consisted of steaks packed in synthetic polyamide/polyethylene (PA/PE) film.
The samples stored in NAT/PLA had significantly lower purge loss than the control samples and the lowest expressible water amount after 14 and 21 days. Following blooming, the most favourable colour was shown in steaks stored in NAT/MBI, with the highest values for the L*, a* and C* parameters and the R630/580 ratio, a high proportion of oxymyoglobin, and the lowest share of metmyoglobin. All steaks, regardless of the type of packaging material, had acceptable tenderness and were stable in terms of lipid oxidation.
•Two multilayer films with biodegradable polymers were applied for beef ageing.•Steaks stored in NAT/PLA had significantly the best water-holding capacity.•After blooming, the most favourable colour was recorded in steaks stored in NAT/MBI.•Multilayer biodegradable films can be an alternative to conventional packaging films.
We examine how much an early – i.e., childhood – experience of recession influences the behavior of central bankers. We develop a model of decision making by a committee whose leader and members ...exhibit recession aversion due to their personal experience. The model reveals that recession aversion could lead to a reluctance of the policymaker to increase policy rates. In a panel multinomial logit model for nine major central banks analyzed over the period 1999–2015, we find that growing-up in a recession influences monetary policy-making. Central bankers’ early personal experiences of recessions shape their policy reactions, increasing the willingness to cut policy rates, with policy-relevant magnitudes. The results are robust to alternative behavioral hypotheses, accounting for a number of control variables or sample variation.
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