The NUCLEON satellite experiment is designed to investigate directly the energy spectra of galactic cosmic ray (CR) nuclei and its charge composition before the “knee”: in the energy interval from ...100 GeV to 100 TeV and the charge range
Z
= 1–30 respectively. The “knee” energy range of 10
11
–10
16
eV is a crucial region for the understanding of the cosmic-ray acceleration and propagation in the interstellar medium. The NUCLEON detector has been data taken since December, 2014. The NUCLEON trigger system and CR event selection are described, including the beam tests at the SPS CERN, flight tests in orbit and the Monte-Carlo simulation.
A project of the OLVE-HERO space detector for measurement of the cosmic rays in the range 10
12
–10
16
eV is proposed. It will include a large ionization-neutron 3D calorimeter with a high ...granularity and geometric factor of ∼16 m
2
sr. The main OLVE-HERO detector is expected to be an image calorimeter with boron loaded plastic scintillator and a tungsten absorber. Such a calorimeter allows to measure an additional neutron signal that should improve the detector energy resolution and also the rejection power between electromagnetic and nuclear components of cosmic rays. Improvement by factor 30–50 is expected. The OLVE-HERO detector prototype was designed and tested at SPS CERN beam during Pb ion run in 2018. Test results and the corresponding Monte-Carlo simulation are presented.
The results of determining the mass concentration of carbon in soil are discussed. The measurements were made on a facility operating according to the tagged neutron method, which consists of ...irradiating samples with 14 MeV fast neutrons and detecting the characteristic spectra of gamma rays from inelastic neutron scattering at specific time ranges between neutron emission and arrival of the γ-quantum signal. The values of the accuracies of the measurements have been estimated, the standard deviation of the repeated measurements for concentrations of carbon of 1–3% was σ
r
= 0.14%, the convergence to the calculated values was σ
r
= 0.2%.
Measurements of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles were performed in inelastic p+p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80, and 158
GeV
/
c
beam momentum. Results for the ...scaled variance of the multiplicity distribution and for three strongly intensive measures of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations
Δ
P
T
,
N
,
Σ
P
T
,
N
and
Φ
p
T
are presented. For the first time the results on fluctuations are fully corrected for experimental biases. The results on multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations significantly deviate from expectations for the independent particle production. They also depend on charges of selected hadrons. The string-resonance Monte Carlo models
Epos
and
U
r
qmd
do not describe the data. The scaled variance of multiplicity fluctuations is significantly higher in inelastic p+p interactions than in central Pb+Pb collisions measured by NA49 at the same energy per nucleon. This is in qualitative disagreement with the predictions of the Wounded Nucleon Model. Within the statistical framework the enhanced multiplicity fluctuations in inelastic p+p interactions can be interpreted as due to event-by-event fluctuations of the fireball energy and/or volume.
Within the standar dmodel of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), there is a cosmological lithium problem, which consists in a substantial difference between calculated data on the abundances of the ...isotopes
6
Li and
7
Li and those that were found from observational astronomy. An attempt at measuring the cross section for the main 6Li production reaction
2
H(
4
He, γ)
6
Li induced by the interaction of
4
He
+
ions with deuterons at collision energies less than the lower boundary of the BBN energy range was made in the present study. Upper limits on the cross sections for the reaction in question were set.
Congenital infections with pathogens such as Zika virus, Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogenes, Treponema pallidium, parvovirus, HIV, varicella zoster virus, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and ...Herpesviruses are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the devastating impact of microbial infections on the developing fetus, relatively little is known about how pathogens associated with congenital disease breach the placental barrier to transit vertically during human pregnancy. In this Review, we focus on transplacental transmission of pathogens during human gestation. We introduce the structure of the human placenta and describe the innate mechanisms by which the placenta restricts microbial access to the intrauterine compartment. Based on current knowledge, we also discuss the potential pathways employed by microorganisms to overcome the placental barrier and prospects for the future.
In this Review, Arora et al. focus on proposed antenatal mechanisms of transplacental transmission of known “TORCH” pathogens including Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogenes, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpesviruses, and more recently Zika virus. They also discuss the innate mechanisms by which the placenta restricts microbial access to the intrauterine compartment
The MPD detector at the NICA heavy-ion collider at JINR Afanasiev, S.V.; Alfeev, V.S.; Aslanyan, P.Zh ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2011, Letnik:
628, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) is designed to study heavy-ion collisions at the Nuclotron-based heavy Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) at JINR, Dubna. Its main components located inside a ...superconducting solenoid are a tracking system composed of a silicon microstrip vertex detector followed by a large volume time-projection chamber, a time-of-flight system for particle identification and a barrel electromagnetic calorimeter. A zero degree hadron calorimeter is designed specifically to measure the energy of spectators. In this paper, all parts of the apparatus are described and their tracking and particle identification (PID) parameters are discussed in some detail.
A project of the OLVE-HERO space detector for measurement of the cosmic rays in the range 10
12
–10
16
eV is proposed. It will include a large ionization-neutron 3D calorimeter with a high ...granularity and geometric factor of ~16 m
2
sr. The main OLVE-HERO detector is expected to be an image calorimeter with boron loaded plastic scintillator and a tungsten absorber. Such a calorimeter allows to measure an additional neutron signal that should improve the detector energy resolution and also the rejection power between electromagnetic and nuclear components of cosmic rays. Improvement by factor 30–50 is expected. The OLVE-HERO detector prototype was designed and tested at SPS CERN beam during Pb ion run in 2018. Test results and the corresponding Monte-Carlo simulation are presented.
Measurements of multiplicity fluctuations of identified hadrons produced in inelastic p+p interactions at 31, 40, 80, and 158 Formula omitted beam momentum are presented. Three different measures of ...multiplicity fluctuations are used: the scaled variance Formula omitted and strongly intensive measures Formula omitted and Formula omitted. These fluctuation measures involve second and first moments of joint multiplicity distributions. Data analysis is preformed using the Identity method which corrects for incomplete particle identification. Strongly intensive quantities are calculated in order to allow for a direct comparison to corresponding results on nucleus-nucleus collisions. The results for different hadron types are shown as a function of collision energy. A comparison with predictions of string-resonance Monte-Carlo models: Epos, Smash and Venus, is also presented.
A project of the OLVE-HERO space detector is proposed for CR measurement in the range of 10
12
–10
16
eV and will include a large ionization-neutron 3D calorimeter with a high granularity and ...geometric factor of ~16 m
2
sr. The main OLVE-HERO detector is expecte to be image calorimeter of a boron loaded plastic scintillator with a tungsten absorber. Such a calorimeter allows to measure an additional neutron signal which will improve the energy resolution of the detector. More importantly, the rejection power between electromagnetic and nuclear CR components will be increased by factor 30–50 in the whole energy range. The boron loaded scintillator detector prototype was designed and tested at the H8 beam test area at CERN SPS during Pb ion run in 2016 and Xe ion run in 2017. The results of the beam tests and the corresponding Monte-Carlo simulation are presented.
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