Topological objects resulting from symmetry breakdown may be either stable or metastable depending on the pattern of symmetry breaking. However, if they acquire zero-energy modes of fermions, and in ...the process acquire non-integer fermionic charge, the metastable configurations also get stabilized. In the case of Dirac fermions the spectrum of the number operator shifts by 1/2. In the case of Majorana fermions it becomes useful to assign negative values of fermion number to a finite number of states occupying the zero-energy level, constituting a Majorana pond. We determine the parities of these states and prove a superselection rule. Thus decay of objects with half-integer fermion number is not possible in isolation or by scattering with ordinary particles. The result has important bearing on cosmology as well as condensed matter physics.
The porous Si/HF-electrolyte junction has been studied by capacitance (
C)–voltage (
V) and current (
I)–voltage (
V) measurements. The observed current under forward bias shows an exponential ...increase like a Schottky diode with two oscillations around 1.0 and 2.4
V (SCE), respectively, whereas the reverse bias current shows negligible contribution. The low-frequency capacitance spectrum exhibits a peak structure in forward bias regime, which can be ascribed to the charge trapping/detrapping at Fermi level of porous Si under forward bias. The potential and charge distribution for a p-semiconductor/electrolyte junction is discussed
Two new pentacyclic triterpenes, mimusopgenone and mimugenone, were isolated from the seeds of
Mimusops elengi and characterized as 2β,3β,23-trihydroxy-28-noroleana-5, 12-dien-16-one and 3β, ...23-dihydroxyoleana-5, 12-dien-16-one, respectively, based on their spectroscopic properties.
Bubble formation dynamics has great value in mineral recovery and the oil
industry. In this paper, a single bubble formation process through an orifice
in a rectangle domain is modelled to study the ...bubble formation
characteristics using the volume of fluid (VOF) with the continuum surface
force (CSF) method. The effect of gas inlet velocities, Ug ~ 0.1 - 0.3 m/s on
bubble formation stages (i.e., expansion, elongation and pinch off), bubble
contact angle, dynamics and static pressure, bubble departure diameter etc.
was investigated through an orifice diameter of 1 mm. The method was also
used to study the effect of Reynolds number, Re? ~ 1.32 - 120 on bubble
formation when all other parameters were kept constant. It is found that a
high inlet gas velocity accelerated the reducing of the bubble contact angle
from an obtuse angle to an acute angle and the faster development of
hemispherical shape of the bubble. It is also found that an increasing of
Reynolds number caused speeding up of the bubble pinch-off and formed a
smaller bubble neck height due to stronger vortex ring around the bubble
neck.
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A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to delineate the effect of both gelatinized (G) and non-gelatinized (NG) corn with or without supplementation of exogenous Delta *a-amylase, either at optimum ...(35%) or sub-optimum (27%) protein levels, on blood glucose, and the key metabolic enzymes of glycolysis (hexokinase, HK), gluconeogenesis (glucose-6 phosphatase, G6Pase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase, FBPase), lipogenesis (glucose-6 phaosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD) and amino acid metabolism (alanine amino transfersae, ALT and aspartate amino transferase, AST) in Labeo rohita. Three hundred and sixty juveniles (average weight 10 A- 0.15 g) were randomly distributed into 12 treatment groups with each of two replicates. Twelve semi-purified diets containing either 35 or 27% crude protein were prepared by including G or NG corn as carbohydrate source with different levels of microbial Delta *a-amylase (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg-1). The G corn fed groups showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) blood glucose and G6PD activity, whereas G6Pase, FBPase, ALT and AST activity in liver was higher in the NG corn fed group. Dietary corn type, Delta *a-amylase level in diet or their interaction had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on liver HK activity, but the optimum crude protein (35%) fed group showed higher HK activity than their low protein counterparts. The sub-optimum crude protein (27%) fed group showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) G6PD activity than the optimum protein fed group, whereas the reverse trend was observed for HK, G6Pase, FBPase, ALT and AST activity. Addition of 50 mg Delta *a-amylase kg-1 feed showed increased blood glucose and G6PD activity of the NG corn fed group, whereas the reverse trend was found for G6Pase, FBPase, ALT and AST activity in liver, which was similar to that of the G or NG corn supplemented with 100/150 mg Delta *a-amylase kg-1 feed. Data on enzyme activities suggest that NG corn in the diet significantly induced more gluconeogenic and amino acid metabolic enzyme activity, whereas G corn induced increased lipogenic enzyme activity. Increased amino acid catabolic enzyme (ALT and AST) activity was observed either at optimum protein (35%) irrespective of corn type or NG corn without supplementation of Delta *a-amylase irrespective of protein level in the diet.
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