This paper concerns orthodontic treatment of a 11-year-old female having an Angle Class III malocclusion with incisor edge-to-edge occlusion, a skeletal Class III jaw base relationship and a normal ...mandibular plane angle. When she was 13 years old, the mandibular third molars were extracted and the remaining mandibular molars were distalized. Good occlusion and facial esthetics were achieved. These results have been maintained for 4 years following completion of active treatment.
The corpus luteum (CL) of the estrous cycle in the cow is a dynamic organ with a lifetime of approximately 17-18 days. In other words, the CL regresses within a few days when pregnancy does not occur ...successfully. There is universal agreement that prostaglandin F2α (PGF2 α) is a physiological luteolysin in the cow. Nevertheless, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in local actions of PGF2α in the CL have not been fully elucidated. Recent observations suggest that the endothelial cell-derived vasoconstrictive peptide endothelin-l (ET-l) interacts with PGF2α, and that luteal ET-l participates in the rapid cascade of functional luteolysis in vivo. In the bovine CL, ET-l inhibits P secretion in luteal cells in culture and in the in vitro microdialysis system (MDS) of luteal explants. Moreover, PGF2α stimulates ET-l secretion in this MDS. Further in vivo observation confirmed that PGF2α injection rapidly increased ET-l release within the regressing CL as well as into the ovarian venous blood in the cow. All these findings strongly suggest a physiological impact of PGF2α and ET-l in the acute depletion of blood flow into the CL and the rapid cascade of functional luteolysis in vivo, and thus a possible interaction between endothelial cells and luteal cells during luteolysis. Overall results strongly support the hypothesis that luteal ET-l is a local luteolytic mediator/promotor in the regressing bovine CL.
Following previous work on the changes in chemical and physical constants after oxidation of methyl linoleate by oxygen at 110°, the same oxidation was carried out at 70 and 90° to improve ...reproducility of some of the constants. As a result, rate of change in some of the constants decreased and reproducibility was improved. The infrared spectra of the product after oxidation of methyl linoleate under these conditions showed that its double bonds had shifted from the non-conjugated cis-cis form to conjugated trans-trans form, with an increase in peroxide value. The peroxide formed by the oxidation of methyl linoleate was examined by thin-layer chromatography and polarography. The antioxidative effect of butylhydroxyanisole and synergetic effect of citric acid were clearly observed. Even when iron was removed from the sample tested as completely as possible, the synergetic effect of citric acid did not vary and this fact indicated that this effect was not due to the masking of heavy metals by this acid. Synergetic effect of erythorbic acid was further examined.
In order to investigate the atomospheric oxidation of linoleic acid, which generally offers the important factor for the rancidity of edible fats, we tried to oxidize pure methyl linoleate by passing ...oxygen at 110°. On each sample obtained at the interval of 1-2 hours during oxidation, several chemical constants such as peroxide value (P.O.V.), carbonyl value (Car.V.), acid value (A.V.), dinitrophenylhydrazine value (D.N.P.V.), thiobarbituric acid value (T.B.A.V.), refractive index (R.I.), and iodine value (I.V.) were measured. Moreover, the changes of UV and IR absorption spectra, and gas chromatograph on these samples were examined. The results obtained were as follows : methyl linoleate at first turned into trans-trans conjugated diene, hydroperoxide was formed in this high temperature oxidizing condition, then carbonyl compounds were produced, and carboxylic acids and polymeric compounds increased gradually. Besides the antioxidation effect by the addition of BHA (concentration of 0.1, 0.2%), and synergetic effect of citric acid (0.2%) were observed in this oxidation condition. Though the above mentioned condition is rather convenient for the observation of the effect of antioxidants in a short time, it is too violent to expect precise reproducibility with some chemical constants such as P.O.V. or D.N.P.V.
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