A technico-economic analysis based on integrated modeling, simulation, and optimization approach is used in this study to design an off grid hybrid solar PV/Fuel Cell power system. The main objective ...is to optimize the design and develop dispatch control strategies of the standalone hybrid renewable power system to meet the desired electric load of a residential community located in a desert region. The effects of temperature and dust accumulation on the solar PV panels on the design and performance of the hybrid power system in a desert region is investigated. The goal of the proposed off-grid hybrid renewable energy system is to increase the penetration of renewable energy in the energy mix, reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion, and lower the cost of energy from the power systems. Simulation, modeling, optimization and dispatch control strategies were used in this study to determine the performance and the cost of the proposed hybrid renewable power system. The simulation results show that the distributed power generation using solar PV and Fuel Cell energy systems integrated with an electrolyzer for hydrogen production and using cycle charging dispatch control strategy (the fuel cell will operate to meet the AC primary load and the surplus of electrical power is used to run the electrolyzer) offers the best performance. The hybrid power system was designed to meet the energy demand of 4500 kWh/day of the residential community (150 houses). The total power production from the distributed hybrid energy system was 52% from the solar PV, and 48% from the fuel cell. From the total electricity generated from the photovoltaic hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, 80.70% is used to meet all the AC load of the residential community with negligible unmet AC primary load (0.08%), 14.08% is the input DC power for the electrolyzer for hydrogen production, 3.30% are the losses in the DC/AC inverter, and 1.84% is the excess power (dumped energy). The proposed off-grid hybrid renewable power system has 40.2% renewable fraction, is economically viable with a levelized cost of energy of 145 $/MWh and is environmentally friendly (zero carbon dioxide emissions during the electricity generation from the solar PV and Fuel Cell hybrid power system).
•Off grid hybrid solar PV/Fuel Cell system can be solution for remote community.•The hybrid system optimization enhances the cost for residential community.•Location conditions (temperature and dust) affect the PV system performance.•PV/Fuel Cell/electrolyzer system offers very good penetration of renewable.
•Nine hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) for providing electricity and hydrogen demands in Neom city in Saudi Arabia are proposed.•Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) has been applied to ...identify the best hybrid. renewable energy system for a certain load in Neom city.•The reliability of TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making is proved compared with Weighted Aggregated Sum Product WASPA, MOORA, and EDAS.•The HRES based on solar PV, diesel generator (DG), and battery (BES) was the best case in terms of energy, economic, and environmental (3E).
In this work, nine case studies for hybrid energy systems (HESs) were considered and analyzed to supply a certain load. The load demand contains an electrical load and hydrogen production for industrial applications in Neom city. The simulation and optimization of the considered HESs are performed using HOMER Pro software. The obtained optimized results were very close for some cases based on the economic, environmental, and social assessment. Multicriteria decision-making based on a different approach of weight such as no priority, CRITIC, Entropy, and TOPSIS techniques were used to decide the best-case study among the different nine cases. Moreover, extra techniques such as Weighted Aggregated Sum Product WASPA, MOORA, and EDAS were used to confirm the TOPSIS technique's results. The results show that the case study contains solar PV, DG, and battery energy storage (BES) was the best case in terms of economic, environmental, and social assessment. The levelized costs of energy and hydrogen for the best HES were 0.4 $/kWh and 21 $, respectively. The CO2 emission was 45912 kg/year which equivalent to saving 118,074 gallons of diesel.
The building block of all economies across the world is subject to the medium in which energy is harnessed. Renewable energy is currently one of the recommended substitutes for fossil fuels due to ...its environmentally friendly nature. Wind energy, which is considered as one of the promising renewable energy forms, has gained lots of attention in the last few decades due to its sustainability as well as viability. This review presents a detailed investigation into this technology as well as factors impeding its commercialization. General selection guidelines for the available wind turbine technologies are presented. Prospects of various components associated with wind energy conversion systems are thoroughly discussed with their limitations equally captured in this report. The need for further optimization techniques in terms of design and materials used for the development of each component is highlighted.
Using renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels is one of the best solutions to overcome greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, in designing clean power generation microgrids, the economic ...aspects of using renewable energy technologies should be considered. Furthermore, due to the unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources, the reliability of renewable energy microgrids should also be evaluated. Optimized hybrid microgrids based on wind and solar energy can provide cost-effective power generation systems with high reliability. These microgrids can meet the power demands of the consuming units, especially in remote areas. Various techniques have been used to optimize the size of power generation systems based on renewable energy to improve efficiency, maintain reliability, improve the power grid’s resilience, and reduce system costs. Each of these techniques has shown its advantages and disadvantages in optimizing the size of hybrid renewable energy systems. To increase the share of renewable energies in electricity supply in the future and develop these new technologies further, this paper reviews the latest and most efficient techniques used to optimize green microgrids from an economical and reliable perspective to achieve a clean, economical, and highly reliable microgrid.
The first industrial-scale pyrolysis plant for solid tire wastes has been installed in Jenin, northern of the West Bank in Palestine, to dispose of the enormous solid tire wastes in the north of West ...Bank. The disposable process is an environmentally friendly process and it converts tires into useful products, which could reduce the fuel crisis in Palestine. The gravimetric analysis of tire waste pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis plant working at the optimum conditions is: tire pyrolysis oil (TPO): 45%, pyrolysis carbon black (PCB): 35%, pyrolysis gas (Pyro-Gas): 10% and steel wire: 10%. These results are depending on the tire type and size. It has been found that the produced pyrolysis oil has a High Heating Value (HHV), with a range of 42 − 43 ( MJ / kg ) , which could make it useful as a replacement for conventional liquid fuels. The main disadvantage of using the TPO as fuel is its strong acrid smell and its low flash point, as compared with the other conventional liquid fuels. The produced pyrolysis carbon black also has a High Heating Value (HHV) of about 29 (MJ/kg), which could also encourage its usage as a solid fuel. Carbon black could also be used as activated carbon, printers’ ink, etc. The pyrolysis gas (Pyro-Gas) obtained from waste tires mainly consist of light hydrocarbons. The concentration of H2 has a range of 30% to 40% in volume and it has a high calorific value (approximately 31 MJ / m 3 ), which can meet the process requirement of energy. On the other hand, it is necessary to clean gas before the burning process to remove H2S from Pyro-Gas, and hence, reduce the acid rain problem. However, for the current plant, some recommendations should be followed for more comfortable operation and safer environment work conditions.
To meet the increasing energy demand, renewable energy is considered the best option. Its patronage is being encouraged by both the research and industrial community. The main driving force for most ...renewable systems is solar energy. It is abundant and pollutant free compared to fossil products. Wind energy is also considered an abundant medium of energy generation and often goes hand in hand with solar energy. The last few decades have seen a sudden surge in wind energy compared to solar energy due to most wind energy systems being cost effective compared to solar energy. Wind turbines are often categorised as large or small depending on their application and energy generation output. Sustainable materials for construction of different parts of wind turbines are being encouraged to lower the cost of the system. The turbine blades and generators perform crucial roles in the overall operation of the turbines; hence, their material composition is very critical. Today, most turbine blades are made up of natural fiber-reinforced polymer (NFRP) as well as glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP). Others are also made from wood and some metallic materials. Each of the materials introduced has specific characteristics that affect the system’s efficiency. This investigation explores the influence of these materials on turbine efficiency. Observations have shown that composites reinforced with nanomaterials have excellent mechanical characteristics. Carbon nanotubes have unique characteristics that may make them valuable in wind turbine blades in the future. It is possible to strengthen carbon nanotubes with various kinds of resins to get a variety of different characteristics. Similarly, the end-of-life treatment methods for composite materials is also presented.
Residential and commercial buildings consume over a third of the world's total energy. The residential sector accounts for most energy use in the Gaza Strip, necessitating the development of feasible ...energy-saving techniques. Herein, a simulation-based study has been prepared to examine the integration of some practical passive design strategies into a generic residence. The study aims to optimize thermal performance by minimizing the building's cooling loads. A detailed examination is conducted for the literature on similar research and passive design techniques to investigate a city's state and climate. Three passive parameters, namely, shading devices, natural ventilation, and thermal insulation, were investigated using Climate Consultant and IESve as assessment software. Accordingly, their impacts on the building's indoor temperature and cooling load were evaluated. The findings suggest that the implementation of such passive design parameters can reduce energy consumption by 9.89 kW, representing 59% of the total energy consumption of the building. Such integration in residential buildings could be significant in cities with limited natural resources and would guide architects, designers, engineers towards the potential of passive measures in building design.
•Some passive design strategies were identified and integrated into a generic residence in a temperate climate.•IESVE simulation were run to evaluate the impact of each parameter on energy consumption.•The results showed that the most effective parameters in building thermal performance were arranged for natural ventilation, shading devices, and thermal insulation.•The implementation of passive design parameters reduced energy consumption by 59%.
In this study, a green hydrogen system was studied to provide electricity for an office building in the Sharjah emirate in the United Arab Emirates. Using a solar PV, a fuel cell, a diesel generator, ...and battery energy storage; a hybrid green hydrogen energy system was compared to a standard hybrid system (Solar PV, a diesel generator, and battery energy storage). The results show that both systems adequately provided the power needed for the load of the office building. The cost of the energy for both the basic and green hydrogen energy systems was 0.305 USD/kWh and 0.313 USD/kWh, respectively. The cost of the energy for both systems is very similar, even though the capital cost of the green hydrogen energy system was the highest value; however, the replacement and operational costs of the basic system were higher in comparison to the green hydrogen energy system. Moreover, the impact of the basic system in terms of the carbon footprint was more significant when compared with the green hydrogen system. The reduction in carbon dioxide was a 4.6 ratio when compared with the basic system.
This study aims to use the convolutional neural network (CNN) to build a new model for detecting the faults of solar PV module performance under the temperature and shading effects. Two sets of data ...were used based on solar data from Mendeley, and experimental data from the University of Sharjah. The transfer learning model was also used in this study. Both CNN and transfer learning models were trained and tested for Mendeley and experimental data under different data and epoch numbers. The accuracy of both models was tested under different numbers of data and epochs. The accuracy was higher than 96 % for 50 epochs when half and full data were used for both models. In comparison, the transfer learning model still shows 90 % for all data when the number of epochs is reduced to 10 epochs. The transfer learning model in this study can be used to detect faults in other renewable energy applications, such as wind energy systems.
Today, with the progress of technology, the world is facing an increasing growth in power consumption. Since the fuel of most power plants is supplied from fossil fuels, it has caused an increase in ...global fossil fuel consumption and environmental degradation. ّFurthermore, the volatility of fossil fuel prices and unstable energy security have prompted international organizations and governments to apply policies to restrict fossil fuel use and examine alternatives to fossil fuels. Since biofuels come from renewable sources and are clean fuels, they can be an appropriate alternative to fossil fuels and play a more expansive role in supplying energy for transportation industries, power plants, and heat production systems. Although there is some research about the drawbacks of using fossil fuels and the commendation of using biofuels in various industries such as transportation, the literature lacks a comprehensive study on the evaluation and analysis of the potential of using biofuels instead of conventional fuels in power generation systems. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of utilizing biofuels instead of fossil fuels in microgrids to achieve carbon neutrality objectives. Furthermore, this paper reviews previous research studies that have operated biofuels in three categories: solid, liquid, and gas, to generate electricity and analyzes the potential of different biofuels to produce heat and electricity for microgrid power systems. In addition to outlining the present knowledge gaps in this area, this study explores the prospects and threats associated with expanding the use of biofuels in the power production industry and the development of sustainable microgrids. This study indicated that if the technical and economic problems of employing biofuels are overcome, these clean fuels have a great potential to obtain the maximum share of the global power generation market and move toward Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) goals.
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•The environmental hazards of conventional power generation were studied.•Fossil fuel alternatives in power and heat generation plants were discussed.•The potential of using biofuel in future microgrids was evaluated.•Biofuel challenges and opportunities in the microgrid industry were investigated.•The application of biofuels in Islanded and on-grid microgrids was highlighted.
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