We present a comprehensive report on the experimental details of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) long-duration balloon payload, including the design philosophy and realization, ...physics simulations, performance of the instrument during its first Antarctic flight completed in January of 2007, and expectations for the limiting neutrino detection sensitivity.
Liquid biopsy (LB) captures dynamic genomic alterations (alts) across metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) therapy and may complement tissue biopsy (TB). We sought to describe the utility of LB and ...better understand mCRC biology during therapy.
Thirty-three patients (pts) with mCRC underwent LB. We used permutation-based
-tests to assess associations between alts, and clinical variables and used Kendall's tau to measure correlations.
Of 33 pts, 15 were women; 22 had colon, and the rest rectal cancer. Pts received a median of two lines of therapy before LB. Nineteen pts had limited testing on TB (
), 11 extended NGS, and 3 no TB. Maxpct and alts correlated with CEA (
< 0.001, respectively). In 3/5 pts with serial LB, CEA correlated with maxpct trend, and CT tumor burden. In 6 pts, mutant
was seen in LB and not TB; 5/6 had received anti-EGFR therapy prior to LB, suggesting
alts developed post-therapy. In two pts
-mutated by TB, no
alts were detected on LB; these pts had low disease burden on CT at time of LB that also did not reveal
or
alts. In six patients who were KRAS wt based on TB, post anti-EGFR LB revealed subclonal KRAS mutations, likely a treatment effect. The median number of alts was higher post anti-EGFR LB (
= 12) vs. anti-EGFR naïve LB (
= 22) (9.5 vs. 5.5,
= 0.059) but not statistically significant. More alts were also noted in post anti-EGFR therapy LB vs.
wt anti-EGFR-naïve LB (
= 6) (9.5 vs. 5) among patients with
wild-type tumors, although the difference was not significant (
= 0.182).
LB across mCRC therapy detects driver mutations, monitors disease burden, and identifies sub-clonal alts that reflect drug resistance, tumor evolution, and heterogeneity. Interpretation of LB results is impacted by clinical context.
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