The drum roaster's design and operating method significantly affect the coffee roasting process. The coffee bean displacement inside the drum roaster can be observed to compare the drum roaster's ...different designs and operating methods. The coffee bean movement is crucial since it affects the heat transfer distribution among coffee beans inside the drum roaster. The more dynamic displacement of coffee beans gives more even heat distribution. Force balance analysis can be used to predict the coffee bean displacement since it can predict particle movement with mutable variables. This paper compares the coffee bean displacement inside the drum roaster with flippers and without flippers using simple force balance analysis. The analysis involves tangential force, centrifugal force, frictional force, and the beans' weight itself. The analysis shows that the radius of the drum roaster (r) and angular acceleration (ω) significantly change the resultant force's dynamic, and the various tilt angle of flippers (β) did not too significantly affect it. The bigger radius (r) and angular acceleration (ω) generate a stronger centrifugal force influencing the bean's equilibrium. The direction change of force resultant applied to the bean is more smooth in the drum with flippers than without flippers. Keywords: Coffee bean displacement, Drum coffee roaster, Force balance analysis, Resultant force Turning point duration
Benih kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan benih rekalsitran yang cepat mengalami kemunduran selama penyimpanan. Penanganan benih yang tepat melalui invigorasi, dapat menjadi solusi untuk ...mempertahankan dan meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh invigorasi dan lama penyimpanan terhadap viabilitas benih dan pertumbuhan awal bibit kakao. Bahan yang digunakan benih kakao, cocopeat, PEG 6000, NAA, GA3 dan bahan pendukung lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis invigorasi dan faktor kedua adalah lama penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media cocopeat, PEG 6000, NAA dan GA3 dengan lama penyimpanan 4 minggu memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap vibilitas benih dan pertumbuhan awal bibit kakao.
Dark chocolate spread adalah jenis cokelat olesan dalam bentuk pasta yang sering digunakan untuk produk roti atau kue kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi kandungan proksimat dan ...mengkaji sifat organoleptik produk chocolate spread dengan campuran virgin coconut oil (vco), isolated soy protein, coconut flour dan gula kelapa sebagai alternatif produk agroindustri. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pembuatan beberapa formula dark chocolate spread. Kemudian masing-masing formula diuji karakteristik organoleptik dan proksimat sehingga diketahui formula yang disukai konsumen beserta komposisi kimia dark chocolate spread dengan tambahan komponen kelapa. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Tingkat signifikansi ditetapkan pada P ≤ 0,05. Data hasil analisis sifat kimia dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dark chocolate spread dengan ingredien berbasis kelapa memiliki komposisi kimia yang bernutrisi dan memiliki karakter cita rasa yang menjanjikan, dimana karakteristik mouthfeel, tekstur, warna dan kenampakan serta spreadability akan mempengaruhi penerimaan konsumen terhadap produk.
The dataset presented in this article examines preventive behaviors related to Covid-19 among Indonesians, i.e., wearing a mask, hand washing, and distancing, and its related determinants. Data ...collection was carried out when Indonesia was facing the second waves due to the rapid transmission of the Delta variant virus. The data assessing socio-demographic information, beliefs related to Covid-19 preventive behaviors based on the reasoned action approach, general beliefs about Covid-19, and Covid-19 preventive behaviors, from 18th June to 18th August 2021, gathering a total of 863 completed responses. The sampling technique in this online survey used a combination of purposive and snowball sampling methods to gather the participants via social media such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and WhatsApp throughout Indonesia. The survey data were analyzed using frequency distributions and bivariate correlation analysis. The data will help to understand the psychosocial determinants of Covid-19 preventive behaviors and provide insight for the development of behavior change intervention to limit the spread of Covid-19 among Indonesians.
The analysis of the effect of cobalt concentration supported on mesoporous silica (MS) has been evaluated. This study was aimed to observe the physical and chemical characteristics of the catalysts, ...and also to study the catalytic activity and its selectivity towards gasoline and diesel oil products in the hydrocracking process of waste coconut oil. The MS was produced using Lapindo mud, where the CTAB was used as the mesopore templating agent. The Co/MS catalyst was prepared by the wet impregnation method with various concentrations of Co. The characterization of the catalyst includes silica purity test by XRF, determination of Co content by AAS, the crystallinity by XRD, the catalyst porosity by SAA, physical pore structure by SEM and TEM, and total acidity by the gravimetric method using NH3 base vapor adsorption. The hydrocracking was carried out in a hydrocracking reactor using various concentrations of Co/MS catalysts with the ratio of catalyst/feed = 1/50. The products of the hydrocracking process were liquid, coke, and gas. The composition of the hydrocracking liquid products was analyzed by GC-MS. Based on the results of the catalytic activity test, it was concluded that the Co(1)/MS catalyst, which had the highest acidity, showed the best catalyst selectivity towards gasoline and diesel fractions.
Soybean seed procurement was challenging due to the quality degradation during the seed storage period. Seed coating is necessary in order to overcome the leakage of seed metabolites. Seed coating ...has to be supported by a storage package that can protect the seed from temperature and humidity fluctuations in storage. This study aimed to determine the effect of seed coating using antioxidants and storage packaging to maintain the viability and vigor of soybean seeds. The experiment was carried out factorially with the basic pattern of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and was repetitively replications by three times. The first factor was seed coating, which consisted of 4 levels such as M1=no coating, M2= 3% of Arabic gum + ascorbic acid, M3= 3% of Arabic gum + tocopherol, and M4= 3% of Arabic gum + mangosteen peel extract. The second factor was that the storage package consisted of 3 levels, which were N1= aluminum foil, N2= polyethylene plastic, and N3= plastic sack. The interaction between the seed coating material and storage package on seed moisture content with the best treatment was seed coating using ascorbic acid and aluminum foil package, seed coating treatment carried out the best effect without implementing the seed coating, and the storage package treatment that presented the best effect was aluminum foil package.
One of the commodities with the highest economic value in the plantation sector in Indonesia is coffee. In 2016 there was a significant difference between the area of robusta and arabica coffee, with ...the area of robusta coffee being superior. The wide difference between robusta and arabica coffee plantations is because robusta coffee is considered a potential opportunity in developing the community's economy compared to arabica coffee with a particular market. To improve the taste or quality of coffee production, one of the factors is the roasting process. Currently, the demand for coffee production is increasing with the need for maximum quality and taste of coffee beans, so the processing of coffee plants must be very concerned and improved. Therefore this study aims to determine the roasting technique with a roasting machine and its effect on improving the quality and taste of coffee beans that are popular with consumers. This study used a Split Plot Design (SPD) using the basic pattern of a completely Randomized Design consisting of 2 levels. The first factor is the roasting time as the main plot with four levels. Then the second factor is the roasting temperature with two levels. Each factor was repeated four times so there were 32 experimental units. The results of this study indicate that in the roasting process using slow roast and fast roast techniques, roasting time affects all observation parameters, namely moisture content, pH value, brix value, flavor, aroma, and caffeine. However, the roasting temperature only affects moisture content, brix value, and caffeine.
One problem of peanut cultivation is the inability of peanut seeds to be stored long-term. Prolonged storage of seed peanuts causes seed deterioration due to seeds losing reserves of food and ...nutrient that cause the seeds difficult to germinate. As well as other problems, namely Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium fertilization which has not been based on plant needs, fertilizer application tends to be excessive. The purpose of this study is to know the interaction and the main effect of the concentration treatment of coconut water immersion and NPK fertilization doses. This study used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was the immersion concentration of coconut water (A) which consisted of 3 levels, namely: 0% coconut water (A1), 15% coconut water (A2), and 30% coconut water (A3) and the second factor was the dose of NPK fertilization (B) consisting of 4 levels, namely: NPK 0 g/plot (B1), NPK 22.5 g/plot (150 kg/ha) (B2), 45 g/plot (300 kg/ha) (B3), and NPK 67.5 g/plot (450 kg/ha) (B4). The results showed that (1) there was a significant interaction only on the number of primary branches with the applied treatment, 15% coconut water immersion concentration and NPK fertilization dose of 22.5 grams/plot (A2B2) (7.7 branches). (2) Concentration immersion in coconut water significantly affected the percentage of pithy pods, the percentage of empty pods, and the weight of 100 seeds, with the best treatment being the concentration of 15% coconut water immersion (A2). (3) Dose of NPK fertilization factor had a significant effect on harvesting age, percentage of empty pods, wet pod weight and productivity with the best treatment of 67.5 gram/plot NPK fertilization (B4).
Leeks (Allium fistulosum L.) are short-lived horticultural crops and have great commercial potential. The productivity of leeks in Indonesia, especially in the East Java region, is experiencing ...fluctuations, this is due to the problem of decreasing soil fertility. The use of inorganic fertilizers is one of the causes of decreasing soil fertility where the use of inorganic fertilizers in Indonesia reached 105.22 kg/ha, being the highest use compared to several countries in Southeast Asia. Therefore, I offer a solution to this problem, namely by combining the use of inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer, for this you can use urea fertilizer and vermicompost fertilizer, where vermicompost fertilizer has advantages compared to other compost fertilizers in terms of complete content starting from microorganisms, growth hormones, and nutrients. The aim of the research I conducted was to determine the interaction of applying urea fertilizer and vermicompost on the growth and yield of leek plants (Allium fistulosum L). The research was conducted at the Green House using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors, each of which had 3 levels and was repeated 3 times to obtain 27 plant units. The first factor was a vermicompost dose of 0 g/polybag, 75 g/polybag, and 150 g/polybag, while the second factor was a urea dose of 0 g/polybag, 1 g/polybag, and 2 g/polybag. The experimental results showed that the best dose for the combined interaction of vermicompost and urea fertilizer treatment was 75 g/polybag vermicompost and 2 g/polybag urea to increase the number of leaves and height of leek plants.
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