The role of generations is an important, yet often overlooked, variable in the study of American politics. A topic of research in sociology, business, and marketing, the focus on generations ...frequently occurs in American pop culture and journalism. The general public often assumes that different generations have different political leanings and beliefs—that the Silent Generation is all Republican, white, and conservative, or that Millennials are liberal and diverse—but are these assumptions true? Generational Politics in the United States is the first comprehensive book that examines the concept of generations from a political science perspective. It defines what a generation is and how to sort out the differences between life cycle, cohort, and aging effect. The book then brings together chapters from an array of political science scholars that examine the role of generations in American politics and how it relates to other variables such as age, race, gender, and socioeconomic status. It discusses how politics in the United States are impacted by changes in generations, including how the passing of the Baby Boom generation and rise of the Millennials and Gen Z will change American politics. By examining the differences in political attitudes, engagement, and impact of recent generations, Generational Politics in the United States suggests how generational change will impact American politics in the future.
While numerous books and articles examine various aspects either of democratic theory or of specific topics in election law, there is no comprehensive book that provides a detailed and scholarly ...discussion of the political and democratic theory underpinnings of election law. Election Law and Democratic Theory fills this important gap, as author David Schultz offers a scholarly analysis of the political principles and democratic values underlying election law and the regulation of political campaigns and participants in the United States. The book provides the first full-length examination of the political theories that form the basis for many of the current debates in election law that structure both Supreme Court and scholarly considerations of topics ranging from campaign finance reform, voting rights, reapportionment, and ballot access to the rights of political parties, the media, and other players in the system. It challenges much of the current debate in election law and argues for more discussion and development of a democratic political theory to support and guide election law jurisprudence.
Establishment of a proper chromatin landscape is central to genome function. Here, we explain H3 variant distribution by specific targeting and dynamics of deposition involving the CAF-1 and HIRA ...histone chaperones. Impairing replicative H3.1 incorporation via CAF-1 enables an alternative H3.3 deposition at replication sites via HIRA. Conversely, the H3.3 incorporation throughout the cell cycle via HIRA cannot be replaced by H3.1. ChIP-seq analyses reveal correlation between HIRA-dependent H3.3 accumulation and RNA pol II at transcription sites and specific regulatory elements, further supported by their biochemical association. The HIRA complex shows unique DNA binding properties, and depletion of HIRA increases DNA sensitivity to nucleases. We propose that protective nucleosome gap filling of naked DNA by HIRA leads to a broad distribution of H3.3, and HIRA association with Pol II ensures local H3.3 enrichment at specific sites. We discuss the importance of this H3.3 deposition as a salvage pathway to maintain chromatin integrity.
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► Failure in H3.1 deposition at replication sites permits replacement by H3.3 via HIRA ► RNA pol II presence correlates with H3.3 enrichment at genes and associates with HIRA ► DNA binding ability of HIRA reveals a gap-filling mechanism for H3.3 deposition ► HIRA-dependent H3.3 deposition as a salvage pathway to maintain chromatin integrity
...of their experience, professionalism, and generosity, the majority of these thousand reviews are thoughtful, thorough, and constructive. ...the Golden Rule of Reviewing is to review double or ...triple the number of manuscripts that you submit per year. * We all have too much to do, and Monthly Weather Review values the volunteer contributions that reviewers make. Writing the review The average reviewer spends about 10 h on the review, with three-quarters of reviewers spending between 3.5 and 12 h (Golden and Schultz 2012). ...reviewing is a considerable investment of the volunteer reviewer’s time to help improve someone else’s manuscript for no formal credit. ...there are many useful online sources for improving writing.
...one factor that was related to rejection rates was the publisher, with journals owned by commercial publishers at that time having higher rejection rates than those owned by professional societies ...and other nonprofits. Because publishing in journals from commercial publishers was often free at that time, such journals might be flooded with manuscripts by authors seeking to minimize costs, resulting in high rejection rates. When comparing the perceived differences in manuscripts (here and throughout, we use “manuscript” to indicate a paper that has been submitted for review but not yet accepted or rejected) between Monthly Weather Review and Weather and Forecasting, then Chief Editor Bill Gallus asked me whether manuscripts that had three reviewers were more likely to be rejected than those that had two. The evaluation of papers for Monthly Weather Review Batchelor (1981) expounded on the criteria to determine suitability for publication in Journal of Fluid Mechanics, including the subjective criterion of what constituted a significant contribution. The reasons fell into four categories (Fig. 1). Because multiple reasons could have been stated by the editor for the rejection, the numbers in Fig. 1 add up to more than 100%.
A critical review of Tosepu et al. (2020a) “Correlation between weather and Covid-19 pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia” identifies five questions about the data, analysis, and interpretation of their ...results. These questions are the number of days and dates of data that go into the analysis, interpretation of the “rapid increase” in COVID-19, 0 °C values of temperature suspected to be missing data, no time lag between the weather on the day of infection and the date the case was recorded in the database, and the significance of their results. The scientific community would benefit from reading answers to the five questions from Tosepu et al.
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•Five questions are raised about Tosepu et al. (2020a) in Science of the Total Environment.•There is a discrepancy in the number of days of data for COVID-19 cases and weather.•Temperatures of 0 °C were plotted in their figure, values that are unrealistic for Indonesia.•Lacking a time lag between weather and COVID-19 cases creates problematic interpretations.
Pioneering studies on observations of climate-scale phenomena were also published in Monthly Weather Review—notably, the northeastern U.S. drought of 1962–65 (Namias 1966), El Niño–Southern ...Oscillation (e.g., Bjerknes 1969; Horel and Wallace 1981; Rasmusson and Carpenter 1983), and Northern Hemisphere teleconnections such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, North Pacific Oscillation, and the Pacific–North American pattern (e.g., Wallace and Gutzler 1981). In 1982, Monthly Weather Review discontinued its monthly article “Weather and Circulation” and replaced it with a quarterly seasonal climate summary written by the Climate Analysis Center (now the NOAA/NWS/Climate Prediction Center) (Pielke 1982). ...only three articles on El Niño–Southern Oscillation were published in JCAM during this period.) Many of these Monthly Weather Review articles, as well as others on climate variability, were handled by Editor Kevin Trenberth. ...Kung’s (1988) spectral energetics of the general circulation became Journal of Climate’s first paper, although it had been originally submitted to Monthly Weather Review.
The National Weather Service was caught unawares, with the operational forecast models at the time missing the cyclogenesis event entirely, and therefore, the public forecast omitting reference to ...the possibility of heavy snow. Because the storm happened on the Presidents’ Day holiday in the United States, the storm became known as the Presidents’ Day snowstorm. Eighteen months later, in September 1980, Lance Bosart of the State University of New York at Albany (now the University at Albany—State University of New York) would submit a paper to Monthly Weather Review in which he performed a meticulous analysis of the observations studying the storm’s development, the failure of the operational models to capture the event, and mesoscale conditions for the heavy snow. ...another outgrowth of this early research on extratropical cyclones was investment from the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research in understanding the causes of these rapidly developing cyclones. ...the Presidents’ Day storm helped to open all kinds of research and educational doors, jump-started funding for cyclone-related research, and resulted in the creation of the Cyclone Workshop, a scientist-run workshop that is focused on cyclones. ...from the perspective of Monthly Weather Review, this debate and the resulting papers raised the bar on future submissions to our journal and its credibility.
The European Union and the Council of Europe were supposed to create continent-wide standards and rules for governance, commerce, and human rights. Yet subsidiarity remains an important principle ...respecting state-specific policy. Occasionally Pan-Europeanism and subsidiarity conflict and this is the case with LGBTQ and transgender rights. This Article examines the legal tensions surrounding the protection of human rights as it addresses transgender individuals and members of the LGBTQ community. It argues that the current framework of law supporting subsidiarity is inconsistent with the broader goals of non-discrimination at the heart of the values of both the European Union and the Council of Europe.
Donald Trump’s presidency produced a few legislative victories. Instead, as with his predecessors, the Trump presidency had to rely more on executive orders and other actions to move its agenda. But ...even this unilateral approach produced fewer results than his supporters hoped for or his detractors feared. This article will examine public policymaking and administration under the Trump Administration. It will argue that while the 2016 electoral victories for Republicans gave Donald Trump an enormous opportunity to move his political agenda, several factors prevented that from occurring.
These factors include indecision on the part of the Trump presidency whether to move a policy agenda or cripple the administrative state; denial of personal responsibility for policies or actions, a failure to understand the constitutional underpinnings of American politics and policymaking, especially when it comes to administrative agency action; intra-party disputes; party polarization; ethical, legal, and impeachment issues; governmental inexperience; and an overall inability to appreciate the differences between the American presidency and business leadership.
Overall, the article describes the political context of the Trump presidency and to explain how it, the structure of American government, and the overall indifference or failure of the Trump administration to understand how the government works rendered this presidency far less effective than it could have been. The lesson of the Trump presidency for the USA and other states is despite rhetoric and claims that outsiders or nontraditional leaders can affect governmental and policy change, they are often ineffectual or dangerous.
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