In neutrophils, activation of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor ( beta 2AR), a Gs-coupled receptor, inhibits inflammatory responses, which could be therapeutically exploited. The aim of this study was ...to evaluate the effects of various beta 2AR ligands on adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine(fMLP)-induced superoxide anion (O2 times -) production in human neutrophils and to probe the concept of ligand-specific receptor conformations (also referred to as functional selectivity or biased signaling) in a native cell system. This is an important question because so far, evidence for functional selectivity has been predominantly obtained with recombinant systems, due to the inherent difficulties to genetically manipulate human native cells. cAMP concentration was determined by HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry, and O2 times - formation was assessed by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c. beta 2AR agonists were generally more potent in inhibiting fMLP-induced O2 times - production than in stimulating cAMP accumulation. (-)-Ephedrine and dichloroisoproterenol were devoid of any agonistic activity in the cAMP assay, but partially inhibited fMLP-induced O2 times - production. Moreover, (-)-adrenaline was equi-efficacious in both assays whereas the efficacy of salbutamol was more than two-fold higher in the O2 times - assay. Functional selectivity was visualized by deviations of ligand potencies and efficacies from linear correlations for various parameters. We obtained no evidence for involvement of protein kinase A in the inhibition of fMLP-induced O2 times - production after beta 2AR-stimulation although cAMP-increasing substances inhibited O2 times - production. Taken together, our data corroborate the concept of ligand-specific receptor conformations with unique signaling capabilities in native human cells and suggest that the beta 2AR inhibits O2 times - production in a cAMP-independent manner.
Registration of ‘Byrd’ Wheat Haley, Scott D.; Johnson, Jerry J.; Peairs, Frank B. ...
Journal of plant registrations,
September 2012, 2012-09-00, Letnik:
6, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
’Byrd’ (Reg. No. CV‐1073, PI 664257) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released in August 2011 through a marketing ...agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at Colorado State University (CSU), USDA‐ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN and Pullman, WA participated in its development. Byrd was selected from the cross ‘TAM 112’/CO970547‐7 made in 2002 at Fort Collins, CO. TAM 112 (PI 643143) is a hard red winter wheat cultivar released by Texas A&M University in 2005. CO970547‐7 is an experimental line from CSU with the pedigree ‘Ike’ (PI 574488)/‘Halt’ (PI 584505). Byrd was selected as an F3:4 line in July 2006 and assigned experimental line number CO06424. Byrd was released because of its superior grain yield under nonirrigated and irrigated production conditions in eastern Colorado, its resistance to stripe (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) and stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.), and its superior milling and bread‐baking quality attributes. The name Byrd was chosen in honor of former CSU wheat breeder and director of the CIMMYT Global Wheat Program, Dr. Byrd C. Curtis.
Physical attacks form one of the most severe threats against secure computing platforms. Their criticality arises from their corresponding threat model: By, e.g., passively measuring an integrated ...circuit's (IC's) environment during a security-related operation, internal secrets may be disclosed. Furthermore, by actively disturbing the physical runtime environment of an IC, an adversary can cause a specific, exploitable misbehavior. The set of physical attacks consists of techniques that apply either globally or locally. When compared to global techniques, local techniques exhibit a much higher precision, hence having the potential to be used in advanced attack scenarios. However, using physical techniques with additional spatial dependency expands the parameter search space exponentially. In this work, we present and compare two techniques, namely laser logic state imaging (LLSI) and lock-in thermography (LIT), that can be used to discover sub-circuitry of an entirely unknown IC based on optical and thermal principles. We show that the time required to identify specific regions can be drastically reduced, thus lowering the complexity of physical attacks requiring positional information. Our case study on an Intel H610 Platform Controller Hub showcases that, depending on the targeted voltage rail, our technique reduces the search space by around 90 to 98 percent.
The emerging field of orbitronics exploits the electron orbital momentum \(\textit{L}\). Compared to spin-polarized electrons, \(\textit{L}\) may allow magnetic-information transfera with ...significantly higher density over longer distances in more materials. However, direct experimental observation of \(\textit{L}\) currents, their extended propagation lengths and their conversion into charge currents has remained challenging. Here, we optically trigger ultrafast angular-momentum transport in Ni|W|SiO\(_2\) thin-film stacks. The resulting terahertz charge-current bursts exhibit a marked delay and width that grow linearly with W thickness. We consistently ascribe these observations to a ballistic \(\textit{L}\) current from Ni through W with giant decay length (~80 nm) and low velocity (~0.1 nm/fs). At the W/SiO\(_2\) interface, the \(\textit{L}\) flow is efficiently converted into a charge current by the inverse orbital Rashba-Edelstein effect, consistent with ab-initio calculations. Our findings establish orbitronic materials with long-distance ballistic \(\textit{L}\) transport as possible candidates for future ultrafast devices and an approach to discriminate Hall- and Rashba-Edelstein-like conversion processes.
Registration of ‘Cowboy’ Wheat Haley, Scott D.; Johnson, Jerry J.; Peairs, Frank B. ...
Journal of plant registrations,
20/May , Letnik:
8, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
‘Cowboy’ (Reg. No. CV‐1095, PI 668564) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released cooperatively by Colorado State ...University (CSU) and the University of Wyoming (UWYO) in August 2011. In addition to researchers at CSU and UWYO, USDA–ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN, and Pullman, WA, participated in its development. Cowboy was selected from the cross CO980829/‘TAM 111’ made in 2001 at Fort Collins, CO. TAM 111 (PI 631352) is a hard red winter wheat cultivar released by Texas A&M University in 2002. CO980829 is an experimental line from CSU with the pedigree ‘Yuma’ (PI 559720)/PI 372129//CO850034/3/4*Yuma/4/NEWS12. Cowboy was selected as an F3:4 line in July 2005 and assigned experimental line number CO050322. Cowboy was released because of its superior grain yield and adaptation under nonirrigated and irrigated production systems in Wyoming and its milling and baking quality characteristics.
Purpose. To report the clinical experience with external beam radiotherapy (RT) for AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) with or without the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in HIV-infected ...patients. Patients and Methods. Clinical outcome of 24 HIV-seropositive patients with ARL treated with RT from 1995 to 2004 was reviewed, testing factors associated with outcome. Results. After 1 and 5 years, the overall survival was 65% and 35%, respectively. The mean RT dose was 31 Gy after normalization to fractions of daily 2 Gy (range, 7.8-47.2 Gy). Radiotherapy dose was associated with survival in univariate (P = .04) and multivariate analysis (P = .01). Other factors in univariate analysis associated with outcome were viral load (VL), highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), ARL stage, and CNS involvement. Patients with CNS involvement achieved complete response in 46% and improved clinical performance was seen in 73%. Conclusions. After chemotherapy, RT in combination with HAART is highly active, and RT should be encouraged especially after suboptimal responses to induction treatment.
Registration of ‘Denali’ Wheat Haley, Scott D.; Johnson, Jerry J.; Peairs, Frank B. ...
Journal of plant registrations,
September 2012, 2012-09-00, Letnik:
6, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
‘Denali’ (Reg. No. CV‐1075, PI 664256) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released cooperatively by Colorado State ...University (CSU) and Kansas State University (KSU) in August 2011 through a marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at CSU and KSU, USDA‐ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN, and Pullman, WA participated in its development. Denali was selected from the cross CO980829/‘TAM 111’ made in 2001 at Fort Collins, CO. CO980829 is an experimental line from CSU with the pedigree ‘Yuma’ (PI 559720)/PI 372129//CO850034/3/4*Yuma/4/NEWS12. TAM 111 (PI 631352) is a hard red winter wheat cultivar released by Texas A&M University in 2002. Denali was selected as an F5:6 line in July 2007 and assigned experimental line number CO050303‐2. Denali was released because of its superior grain yield under nonirrigated and irrigated production conditions in eastern Colorado, its grain volume weight, and its resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.).
Registration of ‘Brawl CL Plus’ Wheat Haley, Scott D.; Johnson, Jerry J.; Westra, Phillip H. ...
Journal of plant registrations,
September 2012, 2012-09-00, Letnik:
6, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
‘Brawl CL Plus’ (Reg. No. CV‐1074, PI 664255) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released in August 2011 through a ...marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at Colorado State University (CSU), USDA‐ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN, and Pullman, WA participated in its development. Brawl CL Plus was selected from the cross Teal 11A/‘Above’//CO99314 made in 2003 at Fort Collins, CO. Teal 11A is a proprietary hard red spring wheat germplasm line from BASF Corporation that carries a mutant allele at the Als2 locus (B genome) conferring tolerance to imazamox 2‐(4,5‐dihydro‐4‐methyl‐4‐(1‐methylethyl)‐5‐oxo‐1h‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(methoxymethyl)‐3‐pyridinecarboxylic acid herbicide. Above (PI 631449) is a hard red winter wheat cultivar released by CSU in 2001 that carries a mutant allele at the Als1 locus (D genome) conferring tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides. CO99314 is an experimental line from CSU with the pedigree TX91V4931/‘Halt’ (PI 584505). Brawl CL Plus was selected as an F3:4 line in July 2006 and assigned experimental line number CO06052. Brawl CL Plus was released because it carries two mutations for enhanced tolerance to imazamox herbicide, is adapted under nonirrigated and irrigated production conditions in eastern Colorado, confers moderate resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.), and has good milling and bread‐baking quality attributes.
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