Children and adults express greater confidence in the existence of invisible scientific as compared to invisible religious entities. To further examine this differential confidence, 5- to 11-year-old ...Turkish children and their parents (N = 174, 122 females) from various regions in Türkiye, a country with an ongoing tension between secularism and religion, were tested in 2021 for their belief in invisible entities. Participants expressed more confidence in the existence of scientific than religious entities. For scientific entities, children justified their belief primarily by elaborating on the properties of the entity, rather than referring to the testimonial source of their judgment. This pattern was reversed for religious entities, arguably, highlighting the role of polarization in shaping the testimony children typically hear.
In the present study, the problem of plane wave diffraction by an impedance half-plane in cold plasma is investigated. The boundary-value problem corresponding to this canonical structure is ...formulated by Fourier transform technique, and leads to a matrix Wiener-Hopf equation. The resulting
matrix is expressed in a form convenient to be factorized by Daniele-Khrapkov method, which yields a formal solution to the problem under consideration. The matrix Wiener-Hopf equation is reduced to a simpler form by assuming ε
2
→ 0, where ε
2
is an element
of the tensor of dielectric permittivity. This occurs ; if the operating frequency is assumed very large compared to ω
c
(the cyclotron frequency), while it is at the same order with wp (the plasma frequency), or if the amplitude of the dc magnetic field vector is taken as
zero. Asymptotic evaluation of the field integrals yield the high-frequency diffraction coefficients where the field expressions are obtained by the standard saddle-point technique. As a verification of the solution obtained here, it is shown that the expressions for the case ε
1
= 1 is identical to the previously obtained results for an impedance half-plane in an isotropic and homogeneous medium.
Scattering of plane waves by a semi-infinite anisotropic thin dielectric layer is investigated, which can be considered as an example for electromagnetic energy absorbing materials. A pair of ...second-order boundary conditions is used to simulate an anisotropic thin dielectric layer as an infinitesimally thin sheet. Formulation is based on the Fourier integral transform technique, which reduces the scattering problem to two decoupled scalar Wiener-Hopf equations. Diffracted, reflected, and transmitted field terms are evaluated by using the Wiener-Hopf solutions that is obtained by the standard method. The uniqueness of the solution is satisfied by imposing an edge constraint in addition to the classical edge condition.
In this paper, the boundary conditions given by
Weinstein (1969)
are employed to simulate two corrugated half-planes with the same slot height but different slot width. The scattering mechanism at ...the junction of these half-planes is investigated via the Fourier transform technique, which leads to two coupled Wiener-Hopf equations. The solution of the Wiener-Hopf system is obtained by the Daniele-Khrapkov method and some numerical results are presented about the analysis of the scattered field.
A uniform asymptotic high frequency solution is developed for the diffraction of plane waves by the junction of two half-planes. One of the half-planes is assumed to be characterized by "Senior's ...resistive-type" partially transmissive boundary conditions and the other is soft at the top and hard at the bottom. The related boundary-value problem is formulated as a matrix Wiener-Hopf equation which is solved explicitly through the Daniele-Khrapkov method. Some graphical results are also presented.
The problem of diffraction of a plane wave incident on a thin semi-infinite chiral slab is solved in an explicit form and the effect of chirality on diffraction phenomenon is investigated for the ...first time. The thin layer is simulated by appropriate coupled transition boundary conditions
of the first order with respect to the thickness of the slab. Application of the law of conservation of energy enables us to prove the uniqueness of the solution and to give some sufficient conditions for the parameters of the problem securing the unique solvability. The problem in question
is solved by means of the Sommerfeld integrals and by some minor modification of the Maliuzhinetz technique. The asymptotics of the far field is studied and some numerical results for the diffraction coefficients are discussed.
In this study, the diffraction of a plane wave by an infinitely long strip, having the same impedance on both faces with a width of 2a is investigated. The diffracted field is expressed by an ...integral in terms of the induced electric and magnetic current densities. Applying the boundary
condition to the integral representation of the scattered field, the problem is formulated as simultaneous integral equations satisfied by the electric and magnetic current density functions. By obtaining the Fourier transform of the integral equations the unknown current density functions
can be expanded into the infinite series containing the Chebyshev polynomials. This leads to two infinite systems of linear algebraic equations satisfied by the expansion coefficients. These coefficients are determined numerically with high accuracy via appropriate truncation of the systems
of linear algebraic equations. Evaluating the scattered field asymptotically, a far field expression is derived. Some illustrative numerical examples on the monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) are presented and the far field scattering characteristics are discussed.
In focal cartilage lesions, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow are aimed to be moved into the defect area using subchondral drilling or microfracture method. However, repaired tissue ...insufficiently fills the defect area or cannot meet natural hyaline tissue functions, due to fibrous structure. We investigated the effect of a combined solution of sodium hyaluronate + chondroitin sulfate (HA+CS) administered intra-articularly after subchondral drilling on newly formed cartilage in rabbits with focal osteochondral defects.
A total of 32 New Zealand White mature rabbits, whose weights ranged from 2.5 to 3 kg, were randomly divided into four groups. Full-thickness osteochondral defect was formed in the left-knee medial femur condyles of all rabbits. Subchondral drilling was then performed. The following treatment protocol was administered intra-articularly on knee joints on days 7, 14, and 21 after surgery: group 1, 0.3 mL combined solution of HA+CS (20 mg CS combined with 16 mg HA/mL); group 2, 0.3 mL HA (16 mg/mL); group 3, 0.3 mL CS (20 mg/mL); and group 4 (control group), 0.3 mL saline solution. In the sixth week, all animals were killed and then evaluated histopathologically and biochemically.
There was significant articular cartilage formation in the HA+CS group compared to the HA, CS, and control groups. Hyaline cartilage formation was observed only in the HA+CS group. Cartilage-surface continuity and smoothness were significantly higher in the HA+CS and HA groups compared to the other groups. Normal cartilage mineralization was found to be significantly higher in the HA+CS group compared to the other groups. Increased levels of VEGFA and IL-1β in synovial fluid were observed in the HA+CS group.
After subchondral drilling, intra-articular HA-CS combination therapy is a good choice to promote better quality new cartilage-tissue formation in the treatment of focal osteochondral defects.
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