Breast milk is a source of lactic acid bacteria with remarkable functional and Technological properties; it is also a potential source of probiotics. In the present study, seven strains of ...Lactobacillus rhamnosus were isolated from breast milk and identified according to their 16S rDNA sequences. Furthermore, their probiotic potential was evaluated. The probiotic properties were tested for aspects of antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobial activity, lysozyme tolerance, gut condition tolerance (low pH, bile salt tolerance, and 0.4% phenol resistance), hydrophobicity, antioxidant ability, aggregation ability, and adhesion to Caco-2. Most isolates were resistant to Streptomycin, Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Penicillin, Cephalotoxin, and Ciprofloxacin. The isolate shows a strong ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells as well as DPPH radical scavenging activity in the range of 76%–85%. Isolates SHA113 and SHA117 showed a high survival rate under gastrointestinal tract conditions (>80%), indicating excellent potential for application as probiotics. The results of these tests indicate that the lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk have excellent potential for use as probiotics in various products.
•Seven Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolates were isolated from breast milk.•All selected isolates can survive under gastrointestinal conditions.•All isolates had high antimicrobial activity against three pathogenic bacteria.
Citric acid (CA) is a non-formaldehyde and cost-effective crosslinking agent which can provide cotton fabrics a comparable anti-wrinkle property, however, the CA treated cotton fabrics show serious ...yellowish appearance which restricts its application. In this study, cotton fabrics treated by CA were whitened using a TBCC-activated peroxide post-bleaching. A response surface methodology based on central composite rotatable design was applied to establish models to investigate how were the CIE whiteness index (WI), wrinkle resistance angle (WRA) and tensile strength retention (TSR) of the CA treated cotton fabrics affected by the post-bleaching variables, namely activator N-4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoylcaprolactam chloride (TBCC) concentration, temperature and time. For each individual post-bleaching experiment, the molar ratio of TBCC: hydrogen peroxide: sodium bicarbonate was set at 1:1.1:1.2. The analysis of variance results shows that the optimal models for response WI, WRA and TSR were quadratic model, 2-factor interaction model and linear model, respectively. It was possible to obtain CA treated fabrics with enhanced WI, maintainable WRA and improved TSR by a moderate post-bleaching temperature near 60 °C and a TBCC concentration around 30 mmol/L.
•The polysaccharide from mycelia of G. lucidum (GLP) was extracted and isolated.•GLP improved occludin expression in ileum and decreased intestinal permeability.•GLP regulated the intestinal ...immunological barrier functions of rats.•GLP increased gut microbiota richness and modulated gut bacterial composition.
The intestinal mucosal barriers play essential roles not only in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also the innate defense against most intestinal pathogens. In the present study, polysaccharide from the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum was given via oral administration to rats (100mg/kg body weight, 21days) to investigate its effects on intestinal barrier functions, including the mechanical barrier, immunological barrier and biological barrier function. It was found that the polysaccharide administration could significantly up-regulate the expression of occludin, nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in ileum, markedly improve the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-4, and decrease the level of diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum. Meanwhile, rats from the polysaccharide group showed significant higher microbiota richness in cecum as reflected by the Chao 1 index compared with the control group. Moreover, the polysaccharide decreased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Our results indicated that the polysaccharide from the mycelia of G. lucidum might be used as functional agent to regulate the intestinal barrier functions.
Polyimide (PI) fiber is one kind of high-performance fibers with outstanding thermal stability, mechanical properties, and chemical resistance, but it is difficult to be dyed due to its tightly ...packed macromolecules and lack of functional groups for dyeing. Especially, the inherent yellow shade of PI fiber limits the color gamut that can be matched by trichromatic dyeing. In this study, it is proposed to investigate the possibility to dye PI fibers into a black shade with disperse dyes and basic dyes with the assistance of swelling agents. The dyeing experiments showed that, among the proposed swelling agents,
N
-methyformanilide (MFA) was the preferred candidate for enhancing the dyeing ability of PI fibers. Using the inherent yellow color of PI fiber as a yellow component in trichromatic dyeing it could be dyed into a black shade with good colorfastness to washing, rubbing, and dry-heating. In spite of causing a slight decrease in tensile strength the dyeing would not impair the thermal stability of PI fibers.
Microbial exopolysaccharide (EPS) is currently developed as a potential biopolymer due to its unique characteristics, biological activity and safety. EPS of lactic acid bacteria that have been ...isolated from human breast milk were assumed to possess novel functions due to their uniqueness; however, they have not been extensively characterized before. In order to verify this hypothesis, the functional characterizations and biotechnological potential were conducted on EPSs produced by six Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains from human breast milk. After isolation and purification, the EPS from each strain was separately characterized in production and functional activities in vitro, including flocculating, emulsifying, solubility, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. As a result, the six strains yielded high EPS production (461–737 mg/l) after 48 h of incubation. The EPSs showed flocculating activity of 66–88% and an emulsifying activity of 23–45%. The EPSs varied in characteristics of solubility in water, oil binding, and water holding capacities. The EPSs showed potent antioxidant activity in analyses of hydroxyl radical (50–82%), DPPH radical (40–63%), superoxide anion radical (6–29%), and metal chelating activity (54–73%). Furthermore, the EPSs exhibited antitumor activity against Caco-2 cells (36–54%) at 600 μg/ml and strong antibacterial activities against E. coli (12–14.3 mm) and Salmonella typhimurium (10–13 mm), corresponding to excellent biofilm inhibition activity against S. typhimurium (58–71%) in vitro. The results indicated that the EPSs from Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains isolated from human breast milk have novel functions better than other reported ones, and thus have great potential in food, biomedicine, and pharmaceutics industries.
•EPSs were extracted from Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains isolated from human breast milk.•All EPSs showed excellent antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial activity.•All EPSs showed remarkable emulsifying activity and flocculation activity.•All EPSs showed excellent water holding, water solubility and oil binding capacity.•EPS111 as a good resource with good biological properties.
Lactobacilli rhamnosus has been characterized as a probiotic and plays an important role in human health by stimulating the supplement of nutrients, preventing the colonization of pathogens, and ...influencing the immune system. This study investigated the anticancer activity of the three Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains SHA111, SHA112, and SHA113 isolated from human breast milk. The cell-free supernatant of a liquid culture of the three strains showed excellent antioxidant activities against DPPH free radicals, superoxide anion radicals, and hydroxyl radicals; furthermore, significant anticancer activity was found on cervix cancer cells (HeLa) via cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis showed the induction of apoptosis was achieved via the up-regulation of BAD, BAX, Caspase3, Caspase8, Caspase9, and down-regulation of BCL-2 genes in HeLa cells. The results suggest that these strains have potential anticancer capability.
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•Three L. rhamnosus strains were isolated from human breast milk.•The secretion from the L. rhamnosus strains displayed excellent antioxidant and anti-tumor activity.•The secretion from the L. rhamnosus strains induced apoptosis in HeLa cells.•The induction of apoptosis is via the mitochondria pathway.
New strategies for biofilm inhibition are becoming highly necessary because of the concerns to synthetic additives. As gallic acid (GA) is a hydrolysated natural product of tannin in Chinese gall, ...this research studied the effects of GA on the growth and biofilm formation of bacteria (Escherichia coli Gram‐negative and Streptococcus mutans Gram‐positive) under different conditions, such as nutrient levels, temperatures (25 and 37 °C) and incubation times (24 and 48 h). The minimum antimicrobial concentration of GA against the two pathogenic organisms was determined as 8 mg/mL. GA significantly affected the growth curves of both test strains at 25 and 37 °C. The nutrient level, temperature, and treatment time influenced the inhibition activity of GA on both growth and biofim formation of tested pathogens. The inhibition effect of GA on biofilm could be due to other factors in addition to the antibacterial effect. Overall, GA was most effective against cultures incubated at 37 °C for 24 h and at 25 °C for 48 h in various concentrations of nutrients and in vegetable wash waters, which indicated the potential of GA as emergent sources of biofilm control products.
Practical Application
This study revealed that gallic acid (GA) had a great potential in being developed as a naturally sourced, nontoxic, and novel inhibitor of bacteria. It is the first time to investigate the inhibition effects of GA on the growth and biofilm formation of bacteria under different nutrient levels (such as vegetable wash waters that simulate the nutrient‐deprived environments of wash step in real food industry), temperatures, and incubation times. The study addresses the potential of phytochemicals as emergent naturally sources of biofilm control products.
Lactic acid bacteria are associated with the human gastrointestinal tract. They are important for maintaining the balance of microflora in the human gut. An increasing number of published research ...reports in recent years have denoted the importance of producing interferon-gamma and IgA for treatment of disease. These agents can enhance the specific and nonspecific immune systems that are dependent on specific bacterial strains. The mechanisms of these effects were revealed in this investigation, where the cell walls of these bacteria were modulated by the cytokine pathways, while the whole bacterial cell mediated the host cell immune system and regulated the production of tumor necrosis factors and interleukins. A supplement of highly active lactic acid bacteria strains provided significant potential to enhance host’s immunity, offering prevention from many diseases including some cancers. This review summarizes the current understanding of the function of lactic acid bacteria immunity enhancement and cancer prevention.
Polyimide (PI) fibers have outstanding thermal stability and mechanical properties, but are difficult to dye with disperse and basic dyes. In this work, it was proposed to use N-methylformanilide ...(MFA), phenoxyisopropanol (PIP), and acetophenone (AP) as swelling agents to enhance the dyeability of PI fibers. The PI fibers treated with swelling agents were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electronic microscopy, tensile testing, and crystalline analysis. It was found that the swelling agents penetrated into the PI fibers in amounts greater than 10% (pertaining to the weight of PI fibers). The swelling agents did not really swell the PI fibers, but broke the interaction forces between the PI macromolecules. With the assistance of swelling agent, the PI fibers could be dyed with disperse and basic dyes in strong color strengths. AP exhibited the best performance for enhancing the dyeability of PI fibers, followed by MFA and PIP. The dyed PI fibers were found to have good colorfastness to washing.
Iturin A with cyclic peptide and fatty acid chain isolated from
Bacillus subtilis
fermentation shows a variety of biological activities. Among them, the anticancer activity attracted much attention. ...However, the molecular mechanism of its inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma was still unclear. Thus its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma was tested in this research. It was found that iturin A could enter HepG2 cells immediately and cause reactive oxygen species burst, disrupt cell cycle and induce apoptosis, paraptosis and autophagy in vitro. The iturin A without fatty acid chain showed no antitumor activity. Amphiphilic is critical to the activity of iturin A. The anticancer activity of iturin A to hepatocellular carcinoma was also verified in mice models carrying xenograft tumors constructed by HepG2 cells. At a dosage of 3 mg/kg/day, iturin A significantly inhibited the further increase of the tumor weight by 58.55%, and reduced the expression of Ki67 in tumor. In the tumor treated with iturin A, lymphocyte infiltration was found, and the expressions of TGF-β1and PD-L1 were decreased, which indicated that the tumor immune microenvironment was improved. Besides, iturin A showed no significant harm on the health of mice except slight disturbance of liver function. These results suggested that iturin A had significant antitumor effect in vitro and vivo, and provide a basis for the application of iturin A as anticancer agent.
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