The blood pathogens of grasserie caused by
Bombyx mori
nucleopolyhedrovirus BmNPV have a serious impact on the sericulture industry. To understand the genetic status of BmNPV endemic strains in the ...Yunnan sericulture region, the structure and complete genome sequence of BmNPV isolated from Baoshan city of Yunnan Province were described and compared to known strains. The BmNPV-Baoshan isolate was a nucleopolyhedrovirus parasitized in silkworm larvae. Its genome has 128, 452 bp with a G + C content of 40.4%. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the virus with China BmNPV isolates; BmNPV-Baoshan was closely related to BomaNPV-S1 (both strains originated from the same ancestor). BmNPV-Baoshan strain has
bro-b
gene deletion,
hr1
missing 4 repeat units of 30-bp palindrome structure compared to BmNPV-T3 strain. The aim of this study was to elucidate the evolution of the virus further and provide insights for the protection of virus-induced hematologic sepsis.
Three experiments were carried out to investigate whether the the kinship concept had spatial representations along up-down (Experiment 1), left-right (Experiment 2), and front-back (Experiment 3) ...orientation. Participants identified the letter P or Q after judging whether kinship words were elder or junior terms. The results showed that participants responded faster to letters placed at the top, right side, and front following elder terms, and faster at the bottom, left side, and back following junior terms. The regression results further confirmed that these shifts of attention along up-down, right-left, and front-back dimensions in external space were uniquely attributed to the power construct embedded in the kinship concept, but not number or time. The results provide evidence for the multiple spatial representations in power, and can be explained by the theoretical construct of structural mapping.
Using a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) on a seismic profile to identify marine gas hydrate is a traditional seismic exploration method. However, owing to the abundance differences between the gas ...hydrate and free gas in different regions, the BSR may be unremarkable on the seismic profile and invisible in certain cases. With the improvement of exploration precision, difficulty arises in meeting the requirements of distinguishing the abundance differences in the gas hydrate based on BSR. Hence, we studied other sensitive attributes to ascertain the existence of gas hydrate and its abundance variations, eventually improving the success rate of drilling and productivity. In this paper, we analyzed the contradiction between the seismic profile data and drilling sampling data from the Blake Ridge. We extracted different attributes and performed multi-parameter constraint analysis based on the prestack elastic wave impedance inversion. Then, we compared the analysis results with the drilling sampling data. Eventually, we determined five sensitive attributes that can better indicate the existence of gas hydrate and its abundance variations. This method overcomes the limitations of recognizing the gas hydrate methods based on BSR or single inversion attribute. Moreover, the conclusions can notably improve the identification accuracy of marine gas hydrate and provide excellent reference significance for the recognition of marine gas hydrate. Notably, the different geological features of reservoirs feature different sensitivities to the prestacking attributes when using the prestack elastic inversion in different areas.
Qingwenjiere Mixture (QJM) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been shown to have remarkable clinical efficacy against COVID-19. However, little is known about the antiviral and ...anti-inflammatory activities of QJM against a wider range of human coronavirus (HCoV) strains.
The study aims to investigate the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of QJM, as well as the underlying mechanisms against HCoV infections.
The chemical compositions from QJM were analyzed by LC-MS. The inhibitory effect of QJM on infections of HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, and SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in HRT-18 cells, Huh7 cells, LLC-MK2 cells, and Vero-E6 cells, respectively, by using cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay or RT-qPCR detection of viral n, s, or RdRp/Hel genes. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, and SARS-CoV-2, as well as the host ace2 gene was also determined by RT-qPCR assay. Furthermore, the expression of key molecules in the NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathways was determined by western blot.
In alcohol-extraction groups of QJM and reference decoction pieces, 53 similar ion peaks were identified, the majority of which were phenylpropanoids, iridoids, and flavonoids. In addition, QJM reduced CPE caused by HCoVs and the expression of viral n genes or N protein. Pretreatment with QJM also exerted inhibitory effect on viral n gene expression. QJM also inhibited the expression of RdRp/Hel and s genes of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the host ace2 gene. Besides, QJM markedly reduced virus-induced mRNA expression of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, CXCL-8/IL-8, CXCL-10/IP-10, CCL-5/RANTES, TNF-α, IFN-α, CCL-2/MCP-1, CXCL-9/MIG, and IL1-α. We further showed that QJM inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, and JNK, ERK 1/2, and p38 MAPKs in HCoV-OC43-infected HRT-18 cells.
QJM has broad antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity against both common and newly emerged HCoVs possibly by inhibiting the activation of key components in NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathway. QJM also has a prevention effect against HCoV infections and inhibits the host receptor required for virus entry. These results indicate that QJM may have the therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases caused by a broad range of HCoVs.
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As a new and developing technique, microdialysis (MD) has extensive field application, and has become an important tool for the pharmacokinetics (PK) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) studies. ...This technique presents great value and good perspective on the study of PK of traditional Chinese medicine. In the present paper, the principle advantages of the MD sampling technique were reviewed, and its applications on the PK of traditional Chinese medicine studies were introduced.
Bmtutl-519 is an isoform of the Bombyx Turtle protein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). The relative expression level of Bmtutl-519 was significantly upregulated when BmN cells ...were infected by Nosema bombycis. The subcellular localization of Bmtutl-519 was studied using an indirect immunoinfluscent assay (IFA), Co-localization assay, Western blotting, and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion constructs expressed in BmN cells transfected with a Bmtutl-519 expression plasmid. The results indicate that Bmtutl-519 is distributed in both the cytoplasm and the cell membrane of BmN cells. Bmtutl-519 may be involved in the infection process of N. bombycis as a cell surface receptor or regulatory factor. Interaction analysis of Bmtutl-519 with NbSWP26, a spore wall protein of N. bombycis involved in host cell adherence and infection, showed that the C-terminal heparin-binding motif (HBM) of NbSWP26 mediates the interaction between these two proteins. Mutation of the NbSWP26 HBM at K208G, K209G, K210G, and K213G led to a loss of the ability to bind the Bmtutl-519 protein. Spore adherence and infection assays showed that Bmtutl-519 enhances the binding ability of N. bombycis to the host cell surface, but this did not enhance host cell infection by N. bombycis. In contrast, the sustained high expression of Bmtutl-519 in BmN cells inhibited the proliferation of N. bombycis spores.
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•Bmtutl-519 was distributed in both cytoplasm and cell membrane of BmN cells.•The interaction between Bmtutl-519 and NbSWP26 was mediated by the C-terminal heparin-binding motif (HBM) of NbSWP26.•Bmtutl-519 may serve as a receptor to N. bombycis spores through recognition of NbSWP26.•Bmtutl-519 enhances the binding ability of N. bombycis to BmN cell, but the overexpression of Bmtutl-519 inhibited the proliferation of spores.
The current study investigated the mechanism of language switching in unbalanced visual unimodal bilinguals as well as balanced and unbalanced bimodal bilinguals during a picture naming task. All ...three groups exhibited significant switch costs across two languages, with symmetrical switch cost in balanced bimodal bilinguals and asymmetrical switch cost in unbalanced unimodal bilinguals and bimodal bilinguals. Moreover, the relative proficiency of the two languages but not their absolute proficiency had an effect on language switch cost. For the bimodal bilinguals the language switch cost also arose from modality switching. These findings suggest that the language switch cost might originate from multiple sources from both outside (e.g., modality switching) and inside (e.g., the relative proficiency of the two languages) the linguistic lexicon.
In this report, we describe the cloning and characterization of a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF); i.e., Turtle. The cDNA of Turtle was cloned from the silkworm Bombyx mori using the ...rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. Three isoforms of Bombyx Turtle were obtained, including Bmtutl-464, Bmtutl-519, and Bmtutl-810. The three isoforms had identical 27-amino acid signal peptides and four extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domains (IgI–IgIV). Sequence similarity and phylogenic analysis indicated that Bmtutl-810 belongs to the group of insect Turtle isoforms and shares 76.2% identity with Drosophila Turtle. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the Bombyx Turtle isoforms were expressed throughout the entire development period, the highest levels of expression of Bmtutl-464 and Bmtutl-519 were observed at the second instar larvae stage, whereas that of Bmtutl-810 peaked at the embryonic stage. The ubiquitous expression of Bmtutl-464, Bmtutl-519, and Bmtutl-810 were observed in all studied tissues, except for Bmtutl-519 in the silk gland. The expression level of Bmtutl-464 was highest in the ovary, whereas that of Bmtutl-519 and Bmtutl-810 was highest in the hemolymph. Bmtutl-519 was upregulated in BmN cells infected by Nosema bombycis, We speculated that Bombyx Turtle was not only involved in neural development in silkworm, as well as Drosophila Turtle, but was also involved in the regulation of other biological functions. For example, Bmtutl-519 might be involved in N. bombycis infection and may play an important role in the immune response of silkworms to N. bombycis infection.
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•The full-length Bombyx Turtle CDS sequences were cloned from Bombyx mori.•Three isoforms of Bombyx Turtle were obtained, including Bmtutl-464, Bmtutl-519 and Bmtutl-810.•The expression of the three isoforms of Bombyx Turtle has different tissue specificity.•Expression of Bmtutl-519 was obviously up-regulated in BmN cells during Nosema bombycis infection.•Bmtutl-519 may play a key role in the immune response of silkworm to Nosema bombycis infection.
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