The structure of planar shock waves propagating through argon, xenon, and krypton is calculated using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method for Mach numbers 2, 5, and 10. The upstream temperature ...considered in the present paper varies from 30 to 8000 K, depending on the gas species and Mach number. Both quantum and classical approaches to the intermolecular collisions based on ab initio potential are used. The distributions of density and temperature inside the shock wave are reported. The density slope is calculated as a function of the upstream temperature and Mach number with the numerical error less than
0.5
%
. The dependence of the density slopes on the upstream temperature is studied. It is shown that the slope behaviors of the heavy gases are qualitatively similar to each other, but they are completely different from those for helium.
The role of educational and scientific laboratories in the University environment has increased in recent eight years due to the transformation of education in the Russian Federation. New ...requirements to education, to the competencies that students acquire, the shift of the educational vector towards technological disciplines, the participation of Russian universities in the 5–100 project-all this makes it necessary to develop a new class of educational and scientific laboratories in Russian universities. At the same time, the requirements for the teaching staff of the Universities are changing new requirements for educational technologies are formulated. The implementation of the concept of University 2035, and in particular the emergence of the new National Technology Initiative (NTI) markets, such as: “Aeronet”, “Technet”, “Energynet” etc. imply the creation of a flexible model of education based on the individual learning trajectory. At the same time, the requirements for educational and scientific laboratories are changing ˗ today they must conduct research in various areas, respectively, laboratories, which imposes new requirements to the management of the laboratories and also to the format and laboratory equipment. It has been shown in the article that in the conditions of the educational environment transformation, the head of modern teaching and research laboratory must have a fundamentally new list of skills ˗ from the ability to plan and organize the scientific process, to managing the laboratory as a structural unit, which implies the presence of managerial skills.
The Russian mineral resource complex is the basis for economy real sector development. The reserves of oil, gas, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, timber, and other raw materials are the strategic ...basis for the state economic development stability. The subject of the study is iron ore, by reserves of which Russia is confidently among the top three countries in the world together with Australia and Brazil. The global statistics on iron ore production looks a little different since China and India are ahead of Russia in terms of production volumes after the above-mentioned countries. At a time when the country is facing the task of achieving technological sovereignty, and the metallurgical industry is the driver of developing such industries as machine building, construction, and energy, the mineral and raw materials complex development issues are of undeniable interest and relevance. The technological development strategy of Russia will rely in its implementation on a stable metallurgical industry, where issues and main directions of ferrous metallurgy development have been identified, which are the main purpose of this study .
This article considers the problem of technogenic impacts on the waters of the upper aquifers in the territory of oil and gas fields of the Tatar Arch. It is substantiated that the change in the ...chemical composition of the waters of the Upper Permian (Kazan and Ufa) aquifers, which removes them from the household water supply (HWS), occurred as a result of the development of oil and gas fields. The paper presents the results of an analysis of the causes of pollution of aquifers due to leaks in production wells, ruptures in pipelines and improper disposal of oil sludge.
China and Russia aim to increase bilateral trade to 200 billion USD by 2024. In addition to the enormous potential for cooperation in the field of traditional energy and mineral products, ...agriculture, investment and engineering contracts, as well as scientific and technological cooperation, have developed rapidly. The latter is expected to become a new pillar of Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation. The subject of this study is the ongoing innovation in the banking sector in the organization of settlements in the yuan between Russia and China. The international system of settlements and payments includes the transfer of financial information and the distribution of assets, it is a key link in global economic cooperation. However, the Sino-Russian system of payments and settlements is severely restricted by the United States. Against the background of abuse of the US financial hegemony and acceleration of internationalization of the yuan, the settlement system between China and Russia faces real demand for dedollarization, which lead to mutual settlements between China and Russia in the national currency, especially the RMB calculations. Based on the analysis of the actual and potential demand for Chinese yuan in the Russian market, the political environment of settlements in yuan and the technical conditions for calculating the amount, the authors concluded that the prospects for the Sino-Russian system of settlements and payments in yuan are high.
PDF
