The 11α-hydroxylation of 16α, 17-epoxyprogesterone (EP) catalyzed by Rhizopus nigricans is crucial for the steroid industry. However, lower conversion rate of the biohydroxylation restricts its ...potential industrial application. The 11α-steroid hydroxylase CYP509C12 from R. oryzae were reported to play a crucial role in the 11α-hydroxylation in recombinant fission yeast. In the present study, the CYP509C12 of R. oryzae (RoCYP) was introduced into R. nigricans using the liposome-mediated mycelial transformation. Heterologous expression of RoCYP resulted in increased fungal growth and improved intracellular reactive oxygen species content in R. nigricans. The H
2
O
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levels in RoCYP transformants were approximately 2-folder that of the R. nigricans wild type (RnWT) strain, with the superoxide dismutase activities increased approximately 45% and catalase activities decreased approximately 68%. Furthermore, the 11α-hydroxylation rates of EP in RoCYP transformants (C4, C6 and C9) were 39.7%, 38.3% and 38.7%, which were 12.1%, 8.2% and 9.4% higher than the rate of the RnWT strain, respectively. This paper investigated the effect of heterologous expression of RoCYP in R. nigricans, providing an effective genetic method to construct the engineered strains for steroid industry.
The 11a-hydroxylation of 16a, 17-epoxyprogesterone (EP) catalyzed by Rhizopus nigricans is crucial for the steroid industry. However, lower conversion rate of the biohydroxylation restricts its ...potential industrial application. The 11a-steroid hydroxylase CYP509C12 from R. oryzae were reported to play a crucial role in the 11a-hydroxylation in recombinant fission yeast. In the present study, the CYP509C12 of R. oryzae (RoCYP) was introduced into R. nigricans using the liposome-mediated mycelial transformation. Heterologous expression of RoCYP resulted in increased fungal growth and improved intracellular reactive oxygen species content in R. nigricans. The H 2 O 2 levels in RoCYP transformants were approximately 2-folder that of the R. nigricans wild type (RnWT) strain, with the superoxide dismutase activities increased approximately 45% and catalase activities decreased approximately 68%. Furthermore, the 11a-hydroxylation rates of EP in RoCYP transformants (C4, C6 and C9) were 39.7%, 38.3% and 38.7%, which were 12.1%, 8.2% and 9.4% higher than the rate of the RnWT strain, respectively. This paper investigated the effect of heterologous expression of RoCYP in R. nigricans, providing an effective genetic method to construct the engineered strains for steroid industry.
Malware detection method based on gray images has received a lot of attention because it does not require disassembly and can obtain a high detection accuracy. There are some adversarial attacks ...against this type of detection method which has been put forward, but most of the current adversarial attack methods cannot ensure that the generated adversarial examples can remain the availability or functionality of the original PE file, or choose to add bytecode at the bottom of a PE file that is easy to be accurately detected through the file header information. Based on the analysis of the section alignment mechanism and file alignment mechanism of PE files, this paper proposes a bytecode attack method that can remain the availability and functionality (BARAF) of PE files. By modifying or adding bytecodes in the gap spaces generated by the file alignment mechanism and the expansion spaces derived from the section alignment mechanism, BARAF generates the adversarial example that can remain the availability and fu
Ethylene biosynthesis and function in Agaricus bisporus (the button mushroom) remain uncertain. The enzyme activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) ...were detectable in A. bisporus AS2796 and inhibited by α-aminooxyacetic acid and Co2+. We cloned and sequenced 2 ACS genes (Ab-ACS1 and Ab-ACS2) and 1 ACO gene (Ab-ACO) from the mushroom strain. Ab-ACS1 and Ab-ACS2 demonstrated low amino acid sequence similarity. Ab-ACO demonstrated an amino acid sequence completely identical to that of ACO1_AGABI from A. bisporus. Antisense ACO significantly reduced ACO gene expression level, ACO enzyme activity, and ethylene production in the mushroom transformants. The transformants grew faster than the wild-type strain in sterilized compost and normally formed primordia when cultivated in sterilized compost with the sterilized casing vermiculite, but the wild-type strain did not. Our results show that ethylene is synthesized in button mushrooms via the ACC pathway. Ethylene inhibited button mushroom mycelial growth and development.
The 11a-hydroxylation of 16a, 17-epoxyprogesterone (EP) catalyzed by Rhizopus nigricans is crucial for the steroid industry. However, lower conversion rate of the biohydroxylation restricts its ...potential industrial application. The 11a-steroid hydroxylase CYP509C12 from R.
oryzae were reported to play a crucial role in the 11a-hydroxylation in recombinant fission yeast. In the present study, the CYP509C12 of R. oryzae (RoCYP) was introduced into R. nigricans using the liposome-mediated mycelial transformation. Heterologous expression of RoCYP resulted in increased fungal growth and improved intracellular reactive oxygen species content in R. nigricans. The H2O2 levels in RoCYP transformants were approximately 2-folder that of the R. nigricans wild type (RnWT) strain, with the superoxide dismutase activities increased approximately 45% and catalase activities decreased approximately 68%.
Furthermore, the 11a-hydroxylation rates of EP in RoCYP transformants (C4, C6 and C9) were 39.7%, 38.3% and 38.7%, which were 12.1%, 8.2% and 9.4% higher than the rate of the RnWT strain, respectively. This paper investigated the effect of heterologous expression of RoCYP in R. nigricans, providing an effective genetic method to construct the engineered strains for steroid industry. KCI Citation Count: 2
Background
Magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (M-NBI) has been applied to examine early gastric cancer by observing microvascular architecture and microsurface structure of gastric mucosal ...lesions. However, the diagnostic efficacy of non-experts in differentiating early gastric cancer from non-cancerous lesions by M-NBI remained far from satisfactory. In this study, we developed a new system based on convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze gastric mucosal lesions observed by M-NBI.
Methods
A total of 386 images of non-cancerous lesions and 1702 images of early gastric cancer were collected to train and establish a CNN model (Inception-v3). Then a total of 341 endoscopic images (171 non-cancerous lesions and 170 early gastric cancer) were selected to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of CNN and endoscopists. Primary outcome measures included diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.
Results
The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CNN system in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer were 91.18%, 90.64%, and 90.91%, respectively. No significant difference was spotted in the specificity and accuracy of diagnosis between CNN and experts. However, the diagnostic sensitivity of CNN was significantly higher than that of the experts. Furthermore, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CNN were significantly higher than those of the non-experts.
Conclusions
Our CNN system showed high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. It is anticipated that more progress will be made in optimization of the CNN diagnostic system and further development of artificial intelligence in the medical field.
Crab meatballs with more unsaturated fat tend to spoil. Ginger essential oil (GEO) with oxidation resistance was encapsulated into microcapsules (GM) by complex cohesion of mung bean protein isolate ...(MBPI) and chitosan (CS) in a ratio of 8:1 at pH = 6.4, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and payload (PL) of GM (D50 = 26.16 ± 0.45 μm) with high thermal stability were 78.35 ± 1.02% and 55.43 ± 0.64%. GM (0.6%, w/w) did not interfere with the original flavor of crab meatballs, and lowered values of pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total bacteria counts (TBC) of the products than those spiked with GEO and the control. The prediction accuracy of the logistic first-order growth kinetic equation in line with TBC (2.84%) was better than that of zero-order and Arrhenius coupled equation based on pH (7.48%) and TBARS (5.94%), but all of them could predict the shelf life of crab meatballs containing GM stored at 4–25 °C.
•CS from waste crab shells and MBPI can facilitated the formation of microcapsules.•Thermal stability of GM was substantially better than that of free GEO.•GEO was microencapsulated to extend shelf life of crab meatballs.•The Logistic first-order growth kinetic equation was lower in average relative error.
In recent years, with the development of the internet, video has become more and more widely used in life. Adding harmonious music to a video is gradually becoming an artistic task. However, ...artificially adding music takes a lot of time and effort, so we propose a method to recommend background music for videos. The emotional message of music is rarely taken into account in current work, but it is crucial for video music retrieval. To achieve this, we design two paths to process content information and emotional information between modals. Based on the characteristics of video and music, we design various feature extraction schemes and common representation spaces. In the content path, the pre-trained network is used as the feature extraction network. As these features contain some redundant information, we use an encoder-decoder structure for dimensionality reduction. Where encoder weights are shared to obtain content sharing features for video and music. In the emotion path, an emotion key frames scheme was used for video and a channel attention mechanism was used for music in order to obtain the emotion information effectively. We also added emotion distinguish loss to guarantee that the network acquires the emotion information effectively. More importantly, we propose a way to combine content information with emotional information. That is, content features are first stitched together with sentiment features and then passed through a fused shared space structured as an MLP to obtain more effective fused shared features. In addition, a polarity penalty factor has been added to the classical metric loss function to make it more suitable for this task. Experiments show that this dual path video music retrieval network can effectively merge information. Compared with existing methods, the retrieval task evaluation index increases Recall@1 by 3.94.
Witnessing compositional evolution and identifying the catalytically active moiety of electrocatalysts is of paramount importance in Li–S chemistry. Nevertheless, this field remains elusive. We ...report the scalable salt‐templated synthesis of Se‐vacancy‐incorporated MoSe2 architecture (SeVs‐MoSe2) and reveal the phase evolution of the defective precatalyst in working Li–S batteries. The interaction between lithium polysulfides and SeVs‐MoSe2 is probed to induce the transformation from SeVs‐MoSe2 to MoSeS. Furthermore, operando Raman spectroscopy and ex situ X‐ray diffraction measurements in combination with theoretical simulations verify that the effectual MoSeS catalyst could help promote conversion of Li2S2 to Li2S, thereby boosting the capacity performance. The Li–S battery accordingly exhibits a satisfactory rate and cycling capability even with and elevated sulfur loading and lean electrolyte conditions (7.67 mg cm−2; 4.0 μL mg−1S). This work elucidates the design strategies and catalytic mechanisms of efficient electrocatalysts bearing defects.
SeVs‐MoSe2 was synthesized via a scalable salt‐templated approach and investigated as a precatalyst in working Li–S batteries. MoSeS was identified as the actual electrocatalyst, which promoted conversion of Li2S2 to Li2S. When assembled into a battery, an impressive performance was observed, even with an elevated sulfur loading (7.67 mg cm−2) with a low electrolyte usage (4.0 μL mg−1S).
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