Editorial on the Research Topic Aquaculture environment regulation and system engineering Aquatic products are a major source of high-quality foods for humans, and as the population grows, global ...fisheries and aquaculture production is expanding. Since the 1990s, capture production of fisheries has reached a bottleneck and tended to stabilize at around 90 million tons (FAO, 2022). Many studies have demonstrated promoting aquatic organism growth by manipulating environmental factors (Li et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2023; Yu et al., 2023). ...understanding the environmental demand of aquatic animals is the premise of designing an intensive aquaculture system. ...the basic knowledge of bioengineering interfaces in aquaculture is important in designing and developing effective aquaculture systems. Effects of light intensity on growth performance, biochemical composition, fatty acid composition and energy metabolism of Scylla paramamosain during indoor overwintering.
Free-space optical (FSO) links offer gigabit per second data rates and low system complexity, but suffer from atmospheric loss due to fog and scintillation. Radio-frequency (RF) links have lower data ...rates, but are relatively insensitive to weather. Hybrid FSO/RF links combine the advantages of both links. Currently, selection or "hard-switching" is performed between FSO or RF links depending on feedback from the receiver. This technique is inefficient since only one medium is used at a time. In this paper, we develop a "soft-switching" scheme for hybrid FSO/RF links using short-length Raptor codes. Raptor encoded packets are sent simultaneously on both links and the code adapts to the conditions on either link with very limited feedback. A set of short-length Raptor codes (κ = 16 to 1024) are presented which are amenable to highspeed implementation. A practical Raptor encoder and decoder are implemented in an FPGA and shown to support a 714 Mbps data rate with a 97 mW power consumption and 26360 gate circuit scale. The performance of the switching algorithms is simulated in a realistic channel model based on climate data. For a 1 Gbps FSO link combined with a 96 Mbps WiMAX RF link, an average rate of over 472 Mbps is achieved using the implemented Raptor code while hard-switching techniques achieved 112 Mbps on average.
Mold spoilage of dairy products such as yogurt is a concern in dairy industry. Not only does it lead to substantial food waste, economic losses, and even brand image damage, but it may also cause ...public health concern due to the potential production of mycotoxin. Good hygiene practices are necessary to prevent contamination, but contamination may nevertheless occur at the production site and, not least, at the site of the consumer. In recent years, there has been a growing interest from consumers for "clean label" food products, which are natural, less-processed, and free of added, chemical preservatives, and a wish for shelf lives of considerable length in order to minimize food waste. This has sparked an interest in using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or their metabolites as biopreservatives as a way to limit the growth of spoilage organisms in dairy products. A range of compounds produced by LAB with potential antifungal activity have been described as contributing factors to the inhibitory effect of LAB. More recently, growth inhibition effects caused by specific competitive exclusion have been elucidated. It has also become clear that the sensitivity toward both individual antifungal compounds and competition mechanisms differ among molds. In this review, the main spoilage molds encountered in dairy products are introduced, and an overview of the antifungal activity of LAB against different spoilage molds is presented including the main antifungal compounds derived from LAB cultures and the sensitivity of the spoilage molds observed toward these compounds. The recent findings of the role of competitive exclusion with emphasis on manganese depletion and the possible implications of this for biopreservation are described. Finally, some of the knowledge gaps, future challenges, and trends in the application of LAB biopreservation in dairy products are discussed.
Penicillium spp. are considered a major spoilage fungus in dairy products. Due to the growing concerns over food safety issues and the demand for “clean label” food products from consumers, the use ...of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a bioprotective tool to control fungal spoilage of dairy products appears to be a promising alternative. Here, the antifungal activities of ten LAB cultures against five dairy-spoilage-associated Penicillium strains were studied in a model system, and the most potent bioprotective cultures were further tested in yoghurt. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) LRH01 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) LP01 exhibited potent antifungal efficacy at low concentrations. The inhibitory effects of cell-containing fermentates (C-fermentates), cell-free fermentates (CF-fermentates), and volatiles produced by the two cultures were tested in a yoghurt serum medium. The C-fermentates showed antifungal effects, while the removal of cells from C-fermentates led to decreased antifungal activities. Volatiles alone displayed some antifungal efficiency, but less than the fermentates. In a yoghurt matrix, the specific effect of manganese depletion by the bioprotective cultures on mold growth was investigated. Here, the LAB cultures could completely suppress the growth of molds, while addition of manganese partially or fully restored the mold growth, demonstrating that manganese depletion played a key role in the antifungal activity of the tested LAB cultures in the yoghurt matrix. Both L. plantarum LP01 and L. rhamnosus LRH01 showed efficient antifungal activities in the yoghurt serum, while L. rhamnosus LRH01 exhibited the most potent inhibitory effects on Penicillium strains when added during the processing of the yoghurt with subsequent storage at 7 °C for 22 days. Our findings suggested that L. rhamnosus LRH01 could be a promising bioprotective culture for yoghurt biopreservation.
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Basic and translational breast cancer research relies heavily on experimental animal models. Ideally, such models for breast cancer should have ...commonality with human breast cancer in terms of tumor etiology, biological behavior, pathology, and response to therapeutics. This review introduces current progress in different breast cancer experimental animal models and analyzes their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications. Finally, we propose future research directions for breast cancer animal models.
•FMT from young mice restored lymphoid differentiative potential and improved the number and engraftment ability of aged HSCs.•Lachnospiraceae and tryptophan-associated metabolites could improve both ...the phenotype and the reconstitution capacity of HSCs in aged mice.
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Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging is accompanied by hematopoietic reconstitution dysfunction, including loss of regenerative and engraftment ability, myeloid differentiation bias, and elevated risks of hematopoietic malignancies. Gut microbiota, a key regulator of host health and immunity, has recently been reported to affect hematopoiesis. However, there is currently limited empirical evidence explaining the direct impact of gut microbiome on aging hematopoiesis. In this study, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from young mice to aged mice and observed a significant increment in lymphoid differentiation and decrease in myeloid differentiation in aged recipient mice. Furthermore, FMT from young mice rejuvenated aged HSCs with enhanced short-term and long-term hematopoietic repopulation capacity. Mechanistically, single-cell RNA sequencing deciphered that FMT from young mice mitigated inflammatory signals, upregulated the FoxO signaling pathway, and promoted lymphoid differentiation of HSCs during aging. Finally, integrated microbiome and metabolome analyses uncovered that FMT reshaped gut microbiota composition and metabolite landscape, and Lachnospiraceae and tryptophan-associated metabolites promoted the recovery of hematopoiesis and rejuvenated aged HSCs. Together, our study highlights the paramount importance of the gut microbiota in HSC aging and provides insights into therapeutic strategies for aging-related hematologic disorders.
Current models view “inflamm-aging” as a driver of hematopoietic dysfunction in older individuals, and methods to rejuvenate hematopoiesis are highly sought. Zeng and colleagues investigated the effect of replacement of the aged intestinal microbiome with juvenile microbiota in murine models, remarkably demonstrating that fecal microbiota transplants reduce inflammation, restoring lymphoid differentiation and engraftment capacity of aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Further, the authors showed that metabolites of specific microbiota species improved the reconstitution capacity of HSCs in aged mice, challenging the field to explore ways to translate these insights into a clinically feasible therapy.
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a hematologic malignancy of B-type lymphoid precursor cells. Minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) is an important prognostic factor for B-ALL ...relapse. Traditional flow cytometry detection mainly relies on CD19-based gating strategies. However, relapse of CD19-negative B-ALL frequently occurs in patients who receive cellular and targeted therapy. This review will summarize the technical aspects of standard MRD assessment in B-ALL by flow cytometry, and then discuss the challenges of MRD strategies to deal with the scenario of CD19 negative or dim B-ALL relapse.
The tree shrew (
) is a promising laboratory animal that possesses a closer genetic relationship to primates than to rodents. In addition, advantages such as small size, easy breeding, and rapid ...reproduction make the tree shrew an ideal subject for the study of human disease. Numerous tree shrew disease models have been generated in biological and medical studies in recent years. Here we summarize current tree shrew disease models, including models of infectious diseases, cancers, depressive disorders, drug addiction, myopia, metabolic diseases, and immune-related diseases. With the success of tree shrew transgenic technology, this species will be increasingly used in biological and medical studies in the future.
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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by complex interactions between host immune system and plaque microorganism. Alveolar bone resorption caused by periodontitis is ...considered to be one of the main reasons for tooth loss in adults. To terminate the alveolar bone resorption, simultaneous anti-inflammation and periodontium regeneration is required, which has not appeared in the existing methods. In this study, chitosan (CS), β-sodium glycerophosphate (β-GP), and gelatin were used to prepare an injectable and thermosensitive hydrogel, which could continuously release aspirin and erythropoietin (EPO) to exert pharmacological effects of anti-inflammation and tissue regeneration, respectively. The releasing profile showed that aspirin and EPO could be continuously released from the hydrogels, which exhibited no toxicity both in vitro and in vivo, for at least 21 days. Immunohistochemistry staining and micro-CT analyses indicated that administration of CS/β-GP/gelatin hydrogels loaded with aspirin/EPO could terminate the inflammation and recover the height of the alveolar bone, which is further confirmed by histological observations. Our results suggested that CS/β-GP/gelatin hydrogels are easily prepared as drug-loading vectors with excellent biocompatibility, and the CS/β-GP/gelatin hydrogels loaded with aspirin/EPO are quite effective in anti-inflammation and periodontium regeneration, which provides a great potential candidate for periodontitis treatment in the dental clinic.
Statement of Significance
To terminate the alveolar bone resorption caused by periodontitis, simultaneous anti-inflammation and periodontium regeneration is required, which has not appeared in the existing methods. Here, (1) the chitosan (CS)/β-sodium glycerophosphate/gelatin hydrogels loaded with aspirin/erythropoietin (EPO) can form at body temperature in 5 min with excellent biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo; (2) The faster release of aspirin than EPO in the early stage is beneficial for anti-inflammation and provides a microenvironment for ensuring the regeneration function of EPO in the following step. In vivo experiments revealed that the hydrogels are effective in the control of inflammation and regeneration of the periodontium. These results indicate that our synthesized hydrogels have a great potential in the future clinical application.
Fungal spoilage of dairy products is a major concern due to food waste and economical losses, some fungal metabolites may furthermore have adverse effects on human health. The use of lactic acid ...bacteria (LAB) is emerging as a potential clean label alternative to chemical preservatives. Here, our aim was to characterize the growth potential at three storage temperatures (5, 16, and 25°C) of a panel of molds (four
and nine
strains) isolated from dairy products, then investigate the susceptibility of the molds toward 12 LAB cultures. Fungal cell growth and morphology in malt extract broth was monitored using oCelloScope at 25°C for 24 h.
01180036 was the fastest growing and
ISI4 (
ISI4) the slowest of the tested molds. On yogurt-agar plates, all molds grew at 5, 16, and 25°C in a temperature-dependent manner with
strains growing faster than
strains regardless of temperature. The sensitivity toward 12 LAB cultures was tested using high-throughput overlay method and here all the molds except
ISI4 were strongly inhibited. The antifungal action of these LAB was confirmed when spotting mold spores on agar plates containing live cells of the LAB strains. However, if cells were removed from the fermentates, the inhibitory effects decreased markedly. The antifungal effects of volatiles tested in a plate-on-plate system without direct contact between mold and LAB culture media were modest. Some LAB binary combinations improved the antifungal activity against the growth of several molds beyond that of single cultures in yogurt serum. The role of competitive exclusion due to manganese depletion was examined as a possible antifungal mechanism for six
and two
strains. It was shown that this mechanism was a major inhibition factor for the molds tested apart from the non-inhibited
ISI4 since addition of manganese with increasing concentrations of up to 0.1 mM resulted in partly or fully restored mold growth in yogurt. These findings help to understand the parameters influencing the mold spoilage of dairy products and the interactions between the contaminating strains, substrate, and bioprotective LAB cultures.
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