The constitutive model and modulus parameter equivalence of shape memory alloy composites (SMAC) serve as the foundation for the structural dynamic modeling of composite materials, which has a direct ...impact on the dynamic characteristics and modeling accuracy of SMAC. This article proposes a homogenization method for SMA composites considering interfacial phases, models the interface stress transfer of three-phase cylinders physically, and derives the axial and shear stresses of SMA fiber phase, interfacial phase, and matrix phase mathematically. The homogenization method and stress expression were then used to determine the macroscopic effective modulus of SMAC as well as the stress characteristics of the fiber phase and interface phase of SMA. The findings demonstrate the significance of volume fraction and tensile pre-strain in stress transfer between the fiber phase and interface phase at high temperatures. The maximum axial stress in the fiber phase is 705.05 MPa when the SMA is fully austenitic and the pre-strain increases to 5%. At 10% volume fraction of SMA, the fiber phase's maximum axial stress can reach 1000 MPa. Ultimately, an experimental verification of the theoretical calculation method's accuracy for the effective modulus of SMAC lays the groundwork for the dynamic modeling of SMAC structures.
An AlGaN/GaN-on-Si lateral power diode with recessed metal/Al 2 O 3 /III-nitride (MIS)-gated ohmic anode for improved forward conduction and reverse blocking has been realized. The low onset voltage ...of ~0.6 V with good uniformity for the fabricated 189 devices is obtained. In comparison with the conventional Schottky diode the specific ON-resistance (R ON,SP ) was reduced by 51% in a device with anode-to-cathode spacing (L AC ) of 5 μm. The incorporation of high-k dielectric in the recessed gate region enabling two-order lower reverse leakage comparing with the conventional device, leading to a high breakdown voltage over 1.1 kV at leakage current as low as 10 μA/mm in device with L AC =20μm. The strong reverse blocking over 600 V was still achieved at 150°C. The proposed diode is compatible with GaN normally OFF MIS high-electron-mobility transistors, revealing its potential for highly efficient GaN-on-Si power ICs.
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•A series of poly(divinylbenzene-co-N-vinylimidazole) (PDVB-VI-n) supported Au catalysts were prepared.•Au/PDVB-VI-n exhibited the excellent activities even only using a small amount ...of basic K2CO3 after optimizing the sizes of Au NPs and the composition of PDVB-VI-n.•The conversion of benzyl alcohol increased monotonously with the increase of Au sizes within the range of 2–5nm, while the selectivity to benzoic acid increased first and then decreased gradually.•Au NPs with the size of about 3.2nm gave the highest selectivity to benzoic acid.
A series of imidazole containing crosslinked copolymer poly(divinylbenzene-co-N- vinylimidazole) (PDVB-VI-n) supported Au catalysts were prepared by using AuCl3 as the precursor. The resulting Au/PDVB-VI-n catalysts were employed to catalyze the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol with molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant and water as the solvent. By optimizing the sizes of Au NPs and the composition of PDVB-VI-n, Au/PDVB-VI-n exhibited the excellent activities even only using a small amount of basic K2CO3. Interestingly, the conversion of benzyl alcohol increased monotonously with the increase of Au sizes in the range of 2–5nm, but the selectivity to benzoic acid increased first and then decreased gradually. The highest selectivity to benzoic acid of ∼80%was achieved over ∼3.2nm Au NPs.
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has been suggested to reduce risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, a quantitative comprehensive assessment of the dose–response association between LTPA ...and incident MetS has not been reported. We performed a meta-analysis of studies assessing the risk of MetS with LTPA.
MEDLINE via PubMed and EMBase databases were searched for relevant articles published up to March 13, 2017. Random-effects models were used to estimate the summary relative risk (RR) of MetS with LTPA. Restricted cubic splines were used to model the dose–response association.
We identified 16 articles (18 studies including 76,699 participants and 13,871 cases of MetS). We found a negative linear association between LTPA and incident MetS, with a reduction of 8% in MetS risk per 10 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) h/week increment. According to the restricted cubic splines model, risk of MetS was reduced 10% with LTPA performed according to the basic guideline-recommended level of 150min of moderate PA (MPA) per week (10METh/week) versus inactivity (RR=0.90, 95% CI 0.86–0.94). It was reduced 20% and 53% with LTPA at twice (20METh/week) and seven times (70METh/week) the basic recommended level (RR=0.80, 95% CI 0.74–0.88 and 0.47, 95% CI 0.34–0.64, respectively).
Our findings provide quantitative data suggesting that any amount of LTPA is better than none and that LTPA substantially exceeding the current LTPA guidelines is associated with an additional reduction in MetS risk.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the interaction between tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and macrophage polarization on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Clinical ...tissue samples of CRC and health volunteers were collected to isolate normal fibroblasts (NFs) and CAFs. LoVo, HCT116, or THP-1 cells were co-cultured with NFs or CAFs. Immunofluorescence and western blot detected the expression of related markers. MTT assay measured cell viability and IC50. Cell proliferation and metastasis were detected through colony formation and transwell assays. CRC mice models were constructed by injection of HCT116 cells, with IHC assessing C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) expression. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and cisplatin (DDP) resistance of CRC cells were apparently increased after co-culture with CAFs. Compared to NFs, CAFs have a markedly higher ability to recruit macrophages and promote macrophages M2 polarization by secreting CXCL12. Further experiments affirmed that CXCL12 secreted by CAFs boosted proliferation, migration, invasion, and DDP resistance of CRC cells via induction of the M2 polarization of macrophages. In vivo experiments confirmed that CAFs promoted the progression of CRC and DDP resistance by affecting M2 polarization through CXCL12. CAFs recruit macrophages and secrete CXCL12 to induce M2 polarization of macrophages, thus mediating cell function and DDP resistance of CRC.
Membrane-type acoustic metamaterials (MAMs) have recently received widespread attention due to their good low-frequency sound-transmission-loss (STL) performance. A fast prediction method for the STL ...of rectangular membranes loaded with masses of arbitrary shapes and surface density values is proposed as a semi-analytical model for calculating the STL of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials. Through conformal mapping theory, the mass blocks of arbitrary shapes were transformed into regular shapes, which simplified the calculation model of acoustic propagation loss prediction, and the prediction results were verified by finite element simulations. The results show that the change in mass surface density was closely related to the size and frequency distribution of STL. The influence of the mass center on the STL and characteristic frequency of the film metamaterial is discussed.
Effective soil spectral band selection and modeling methods can improve modeling accuracy. To establish a hyperspectral prediction model of soil organic matter (SOM) content, this study investigated ...a forested Eucalyptus plantation in Huangmian Forest Farm, Guangxi, China. The Ranger and Lasso algorithms were used to screen spectral bands. Subsequently, models were established using four algorithms: partial least squares regression, random forest (RF), a support vector machine, and an artificial neural network (ANN). The optimal model was then selected. The results showed that the modeling accuracy was higher when band selection was based on the Ranger algorithm than when it was based on the Lasso algorithm. ANN modeling had the best goodness of fit, and the model established by RF had the most stable modeling results. Based on the above results, a new method is proposed in this study for band selection in the early phase of soil hyperspectral modeling. The Ranger algorithm can be applied to screen the spectral bands, and ANN or RF can then be selected to construct the prediction model based on different datasets, which is applicable to establish the prediction model of SOM content in red soil plantations. This study provides a reference for the remote sensing of soil fertility in forests of different soil types and a theoretical basis for developing portable equipment for the hyperspectral measurement of SOM content in forest habitats.
An efficient approach to engineering the Al 2 O 3 /GaN positive interface fixed charges by post-dielectric annealing in nitrogen is demonstrated. The remarkable reduction of interface fixed charges ...from 1.44 × 10 13 to 3 × 10 12 cm -2 was observed, which leads to a record high threshold voltage (V TH ) of 7.6 V obtained in the Al 2 O 3 /GaN MOSFETs. The significantly reduced interface fixed charges and the corresponding remote scattering effect enable respectable improvement in the electron mobility that results in a high drain current density of 355 mA/mm in the device. These competitive results reveal that the method reported in this letter is promising in pushing V TH more positive and simultaneously achieving good device performance of normally-off GaN power devices.
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been widely used in the field of metal electrodeposition as an economical and environmentally friendly green solvent. Metallic bismuth films were prepared by ...electrodeposition from choline chloride-malonic acid (ChCl-MA) deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing BiCl
. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the structure of ChCl-MA-BiCl
, and the results showed that Bi(III) was in the form of BiCl
ions. The viscosity of ChCl-MA-BiCl
ranges from 200 to 1200 mPa·s at temperatures from 363 K to 323 K. The conductivity of 0.01 M Bi(III) in ChCl-MA is 3.24 ms·cm
at 363 K. The electrochemical behavior and electrodeposition of Bi(III) in DES were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. The results showed that the electrodeposition reaction was a quasi-reversible reaction controlled by the diffusion and the nucleation of bismuth was a three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation. The diffusion coefficient of Bi(III) in ChCl-MA was 1.84 × 10
cm
·s
. The electrodeposition product was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results showed that the deposition potential has a significant influence on the morphology of the bismuth film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that bismuth and bismuth oxides are present in the deposited film obtained by electrodeposition.
Background:
Dry eye disease is a common ocular surface disease affecting tens of millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by an unstable tear film and increasing prevalence. Different ...commercial formulations of cyclosporine A for dry eye have been approved, however, it is still unclear whether the differences in formulations of these products will make a difference in clinical efficacy and safety.
Methods:
Randomized controlled trials of commercial cyclosporine A formulation for dry eye disease were searched in Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane controlled trials registries and Web of Science from inception till 1 December 2021. Independent literature screening, data extraction, quality evaluation, and the study in line with quality standards were analyzed by using Stata16.0 software. The study is registered with PROSPERO under the number CRD42022301423. Code and data for this study is publicly available (
https://github.com/DongYangGao/Dongyang.github.io.git
).
Results:
21 randomized clinical trials with a total of 4,107 participants were included in this study. Restasis
®
(OR-4.82, 95% CI-6.18 to 3.45, SUCRA 77.2%) was the most effective commercial formulation for reducing OSDI, Zirun
®
(SUCRA 73.9%) performed better in improving Schirmer’s test. TJ Cyporin
®
(SUCRA 65.3%) ranked first in terms of improving tear film break-up time. For treatment-emergent adverse events incidence, Clacier
®
was close to placebo. The risk of reporting bias is considered low.
Conclusion:
In the comparison of outcomes included in this study, the optimal order of various commercial cyclosporine A formulations is different, so it is difficult to select the optimal formula. Appropriate commercial formulations should be selected according to patients’ conditions in clinical practice.
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