The passivation of perovskite interfacial defects by the electron transport layer (ETL) has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). ...Dithieno2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′thieno3,2‐b:3′,2′‐b′dipyrrole (DTPT)‐based acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A–D–A) molecules composed of coplanar heteroacene as electron‐donating core end‐capped with various electron‐accepting moieties are designed and examined as ETL modifiers for PSCs. Employing PCBM:DTPTCY as the ETL results in passivation perovskite defects, facilitation energy alignment at the ETL/perovskite interface, and enhancement of carrier transport efficiency. The optimized blended ETL‐based Cs0.18FA0.82Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 p‐i‐n PSC exhibit performances of 37.2% and 39.9% under TL84 and 3000K LED (1000 lux), respectively. The DTPTCY‐based device demonstrates remarkable stability, retaining 87% of its initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 30 days of storage in a 40% relative humidity (RH) ambient air environment without any encapsulation, surpassing the control device, which retains only 67% of its original PCE. These findings underscore the potential of A–D–A‐type molecule‐based interface modification to enhance passivation and contact properties, ultimately leading to high‐efficiency and stable PSCs.
Remarkable results are attained in indoor Perovskite Solar Cells, achieving an impressive efficiency of 39.9% (3000K LED (1000 lux)) through the application of an A–D–A‐type molecule for defect passivation within the electron transport layer.
Nickel oxide (NiOx ) is commonly used as a holetransporting material (HTM) in p-i-n perovskite solar cells. However, the weak chemical interaction between the NiOx and CH3 NH3 PbI3 (MAPbI3 ) ...interface results in poor crystallinity, ineffective hole extraction, and enhanced carrier recombination, which are the leading causes for the limited stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, two HTMs, TRUX-D1 (N2 ,N7 ,N12 -tris(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-5,5,10,10,15,15-hexaheptyl-N2 ,N7 ,N12 -tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno1,2-a:1',2'-cfluorene-2,7,12-triamine) and TRUX-D2 (5,5,10,10,15,15-hexaheptyl-N2 ,N7 ,N12 -tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-N2 ,N7 ,N12 -tris(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno1,2-a:1',2'-cfluorene-2,7,12-triamine), are designed with a rigid planar C3 symmetry truxene core integrated with electron-donating amino groups at peripheral positions. The TRUX-D molecules are employed as effective interfacial layer (IFL) materials between the NiOx and MAPbI3 interface. The incorporation of truxene-based IFLs improves the quality of perovskite crystallinity, minimizes nonradiative recombination, and accelerates charge extraction which has been confirmed by various characterization techniques. As a result, the TRUX-D1 exhibits a maximum PCE of up to 20.8% with an impressive long-term stability. The unencapsulated device retains 98% of their initial performance following 210 days of aging in a glove box and 75.5% for the device after 80 days under ambient air condition with humidity over 40% at 25 °C.
Nickel oxide (NiO
) is commonly used as a holetransporting material (HTM) in p-i-n perovskite solar cells. However, the weak chemical interaction between the NiO
and CH
NH
PbI
(MAPbI
) interface ...results in poor crystallinity, ineffective hole extraction, and enhanced carrier recombination, which are the leading causes for the limited stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, two HTMs, TRUX-D1 (N
,N
,N
-tris(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-5,5,10,10,15,15-hexaheptyl-N
,N
,N
-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno1,2-a:1',2'-cfluorene-2,7,12-triamine) and TRUX-D2 (5,5,10,10,15,15-hexaheptyl-N
,N
,N
-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-N
,N
,N
-tris(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno1,2-a:1',2'-cfluorene-2,7,12-triamine), are designed with a rigid planar C
symmetry truxene core integrated with electron-donating amino groups at peripheral positions. The TRUX-D molecules are employed as effective interfacial layer (IFL) materials between the NiO
and MAPbI
interface. The incorporation of truxene-based IFLs improves the quality of perovskite crystallinity, minimizes nonradiative recombination, and accelerates charge extraction which has been confirmed by various characterization techniques. As a result, the TRUX-D1 exhibits a maximum PCE of up to 20.8% with an impressive long-term stability. The unencapsulated device retains 98% of their initial performance following 210 days of aging in a glove box and 75.5% for the device after 80 days under ambient air condition with humidity over 40% at 25 °C.
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•Excellent anticorrosion and weather resistant multifunctional nanocomposite.•Chemical bonding used to develop a stable nanocomposite with well-dispersed graphene.•Stable ...anticorrosion properties before/after UV irradiation in thinner coatings.•Anticorrosion, mechanical, and thermal properties retained after UV irradiation.•Durability: coating retained high impedance for corrosion protection during 90 days.
The chemical-bonding-dispersed method was used to develop a functional graphene oxide/epoxy nanocomposite coating with multifunctional properties and long-term stability for anticorrosion and weather resistance purposes. This study compared relevant properties before and after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the chemical-bonding-dispersed nanocomposite, a physically blended composite, and a neat polymer by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet aging, contact angle testing, electrochemical corrosion studies, dynamic mechanical analyzer testing, thermogravimetric analysis, flexibility testing, and an adhesion test. The as-prepared nanocomposite prevented the yellowing of epoxy resin, demonstrating the nanocomposite’s durability under UV light. Furthermore, the nanocomposite exhibited excellent anticorrosion properties. Anticorrosion performance with a corrosion rate of 6.10 × 10−3 mil/year and a corrosion efficiency of 99.99 % was attained with a thin-film coating of approximately 10 μm, and it retained a corrosion rate of 1.50 × 10-2 mil/year with a corrosion efficiency of 99.98 %. The results of the long-term durability tests performed using the electrochemical impedance spectrum indicated that the chemical-bonding-dispersed nanocomposite was superior to the physically blended dispersed composite and pure epoxy coating. The nanocomposite coating retained its high impedance over long-term durability tests, with a charge transfer resistance of 8.73 × 107 Ω·cm2 after 90 days. This study demonstrated the durability of the anticorrosion, mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties of the designed coating material before and after UV irradiation.
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•Conductive networks of reduced graphene oxide-cysteine/nanogold (rGO-CysAu) hybrid material were incorporated into perovskite thin films.•Inverted PVSCs with ...ITO/NiOx/MAPbI3:1%-urea:rGO-CysAu/PCBM/BCP/Ag structure was fabricated.•The additives improved charge transfer, which reduced charge recombination and boundary impedance.•PVSCs with rGO-CysAu had an improved average efficiency of 20.59% compared to 18.32% for control cells.
To enhance carrier transport, the internal charge transfer resistance of organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) was reduced through the formation of well-distributed nanogold-graphene–based conductive networks in the matrix of the active layer. In this study, a reduced graphene oxide-cysteine/nanogold (rGO-CysAu) hybrid material was prepared and incorporated into PVSCs. Nanogold particles were modified with the amino acid cysteine and successfully deposited onto the surface of graphene oxide. To prepare inverted PVSCs, rGO-CysAu with a highly uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles on the rGO surface was added to the perovskite precursor solution. The incorporation of rGO-CysAu into PVSCs resulted in a 12% increase in power conversion efficiency, improving perovskite charge transport efficiency and crystallization. Consequently, PVSCs with rGO-CysAu had improved average efficiency of 20.59% compared to 18.32% for control cells.
Surface Defect Passivation
In article number 2312819, Chih‐Ping Chen, Ken‐Tsung Wong, and co‐workers propose utilizing coplanar heteroacene‐cored A–D–A‐type molecules as the electron transport layer ...(ETL) to passivate interfacial defects in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optimized ETL efficiently mitigates perovskite defects, promotes energy alignment at the ETL/perovskite interface, and enhances the carrier transport efficiency of PSCs. The resulting indoor light efficiency is 39.9% under 3000K LED illumination (1000 lux).
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•A series of small molecules were used as third components to fabricate high-performance ternary OPVs.•The PCEs of PM6/Y6:CY-3- and PM6/BTP-eC9:CY-3-based OPVs were 16.82% and ...17.18%.•The capacity to modulate energy via the third component results in the maximum Egap and VOC of the ternary OPV.•This VOC enhancement was widely observed to other Y6-derivative-based OPV systems.
The third component in binary organic photovoltaics (OPV) plays a crucial role in finely adjusting light absorption, reducing energy loss, and optimizing the blend morphology. We introduce four A-π-D-π-A type small molecules as guest-donor materials, employing easily accessible starting materials. These molecules incorporate carbazole or bicarbazole as the core structure, along with pyran-4-ylidene-malononitrile or pyran-4-ylidene-indenedione derivatives as electron-accepting end groups. We explore the miscibility of guest donors with Y6 and analyze the energy loss in corresponding OPVs. Tapping mode atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray (GIWAX) scattering analysis confirm that the twisted configuration of the guest donor CY-3 disperses effectively into the Y6 domain, promoting the formation of an alloy-like structure and maximizing the energy gap (Egap) of OPVs. CY-3 improves the molecular packing of Y6 in ternary blend and optimizes the blend morphology, leading to the minimum non-radiative energy recombination (ΔEnon-rad) and energy loss (Eloss) in the corresponding ternary OPV which exhibits an optimized Voc of (0.891 ± 0.006 V). The optimized blend morphology also, suppresses bimolecular and trap-assisted recombination, and improves charge collection. Ternary devices employing PM6/PY-IT, PM6/Y18, PM6/L8-BO, and PM6/BTP-eC9 demonstrate significant improvements in their Voc. Particularly remarkable is the attainment of the highest PCE of 17.18 % in the OPV based on PM6/BTP-eC9 with the incorporation of CY-3.
