Diverse cellular processes are driven by motor proteins that are recruited to and generate force on lipid membranes. Surprisingly little is known about how membranes control the force from motors and ...how this may impact specific cellular functions. Here, we show that dynein motors physically cluster into microdomains on the membrane of a phagosome as it matures inside cells. Such geometrical reorganization allows many dyneins within a cluster to generate cooperative force on a single microtubule. This results in rapid directed transport of the phagosome toward microtubule minus ends, likely promoting phagolysosome fusion and pathogen degradation. We show that lipophosphoglycan, the major molecule implicated in immune evasion of Leishmania donovani, inhibits phagosome motion by disrupting the clustering and therefore the cooperative force generation of dynein. These findings appear relevant to several pathogens that prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion by targeting lipid microdomains on phagosomes.
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•Dynein clusters into lipid microdomains on the phagosome as it matures•Clustering allows many dyneins to simultaneously contact a single microtubule•Large cooperative forces can now be generated to transport phagosomes to lysosomes•Leishmania lipophosphoglycans disrupt microdomains and inhibit this transport
Dynein motors physically cluster into lipid rafts on the membrane of a phagosome as it matures inside the cell. The geometric organization in clusters increases the generation of force and allows many motors to cooperate to drive fast transport of the phagosome, a process required for elimination of many intracellular pathogens.
Groundwater is the most important source of drinking waters supply in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of, New Delhi, India. A diverse geological and topographical set up along with the fast ...growing population and anthropogenic activities has created a need of groundwater quality assurance for drinking and domestic water supply in the region. The major hydro-geochemical process and impacts of anthropogenic activities can be deciphered using multivariate statistical analysis, conventional graphical plots and saturation indices. Groundwater samples were collected from 170 locations spread over entire region and were analysed for a total of 12 water quality physico-chemical parameters. It is observed that the groundwater is neutral to alkaline in nature with electrical conductivity (EC) value ranging from 460 to 8980μs/cm. Chemometric analysis was performed along with geochemical modeling. The 3 clusters obtained through HCA were clearly differentiated based on their chemical characteristics i.e. concentration of major ions. High concentration of nitrate (NO3−) and fluoride (F−) exceeding WHO standards was found in 29% and 27% of the water samples respectively. It is observed that semi-arid climatic conditions along with rock-water interaction, weathering and ion-exchange are the major factors controlling groundwater quality in the region. Oversaturation of fluorite and gypsum has resulted into high concentration of F− in study area. It is found that the results from statistical and geochemical models compliment the findings using conventional plots and are able to decipher comprehensive geochemistry of groundwater in the region.
•PCA, HCA and DA performed of 170 groundwater samples spread in entire region.•PCA generated 4 principal components explaining 76% of variance in the data.•3 cluster were obtained on performing HCA based on electrical conductivity values.•The values of Wilk's Lambda and Chi square indicates DA is statistically significant.•Fluoride and nitrate contamination found in 27% and 29% of samples respectively.
The main theme of this research is to find the numerical results of stagnation point flow of micropolar fluid over a porous stretchable surface due to the physical effects of internal heat ...generation/absorption, melting heat transfer and chemical reaction via Keller-Box method (KBM). The graphs and tables are depicted and explained for various embedded parameters. The range of melting heat transfer parameter is 0≤M≤3, the range of chemical reaction parameter is 0≤Kr≤1 whereas the values of space-temperature dependent heat source/sink parameters lies in −0.4≤Q≤0.4 and −2≤Q∗≤2. The upshots of the current problem illustrate that at fluid-solid interface, rate of HMT (heat and mass transfer) declined on escalating the values of stretching parameter. Moreover, as the values of internal heat source/sink parameter increases, heat transfer rate declines at fluid-solid interface.
Fork head box O (FOXO) transcription factor is a key player in an evolutionarily conserved pathway. The mammalian FOXO family consists of FOXO1, 3, 4 and 6, are highly similar in their structure, ...function and regulation. To maintain optimum body function, the organisms have developed complex mechanisms for homeostasis. Importantly, it is well known that when these mechanisms dysregulate it results in the development of age-related disease. FOXO proteins are involved in a diverse cellular function and also have clinical significance including cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, tumour suppression, DNA repair, longevity, diabetic complications, immunity, wound healing, regulation of metabolism and thus treatment of several types of diseases. By the combinations of post-translational modifications FOXO's serve as a ‘molecular code’ to sense external stimuli and recruit it as to specific regions of the genome and provide an integrated cellular response to changing physiological conditions. Akt/Protein kinase B a signaling pathway as a main regulator of FOXO to perform a diverse function in organisms. The present review summarizes the molecular and clinical aspects of FOXO transcription factor. And also elaborate the interaction of FOXO with the nucleosome remodelling complex to target genes, which is essential to cellular homeostasis.
•FOXO transcription factors conserved from C. elegans to mammals.•FOXO transcription factors as important determinants of aging and longevity.•FOXO transcription factors regulated by targeting PI3K signaling pathway.•FOXO proteostasis is a cytoprotective process.
Soil salinity is one of the major global issues affecting soil quality and agricultural productivity. The plant growth-promoting halophilic bacteria that can thrive in regions of high salt (NaCl) ...concentration have the ability to promote the growth of plants in salty environments. In this study, attempts have been made to understand the salinity adaptation of plant growth-promoting moderately halophilic bacteria
Chromohalobacter salexigens
ANJ207 at the genetic level through transcriptome analysis. In order to identify the stress-responsive genes, the transcriptome sequencing of
C. salexigens
ANJ207 under different salt concentrations was carried out. Among the 8,936 transcripts obtained, 93 were upregulated while 1,149 were downregulated when the NaCl concentration was increased from 5 to 10%. At 10% NaCl concentration, genes coding for lactate dehydrogenase, catalase, and OsmC-like protein were upregulated. On the other hand, when salinity was increased from 10 to 25%, 1,954 genes were upregulated, while 1,287 were downregulated. At 25% NaCl, genes coding for PNPase, potassium transporter, aconitase, excinuclease subunit ABC, and transposase were found to be upregulated. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed an increase in the transcript of genes related to the biosynthesis of glycine betaine coline genes (gbcA, gbcB, and
L
-pro) and in the transcript of genes related to the uptake of glycine betaine (OpuAC, OpuAA, and OpuAB). The transcription of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of
L
-hydroxyproline (proD and proS) and one stress response proteolysis gene for periplasmic membrane stress sensing (serP) were also found to be increased. The presence of genes for various compatible solutes and their increase in expression at the high salt concentration indicated that a coordinated contribution by various compatible solutes might be responsible for salinity adaptation in ANJ207. The investigation provides new insights into the functional roles of various genes involved in salt stress tolerance and oxidative stress tolerance produced by high salt concentration in ANJ207 and further support the notion regarding the utilization of bacterium and their gene(s) in ameliorating salinity problem in agriculture.
PLA based biocomposites for sustainable products: A review Trivedi, Alok Kumar; Gupta, M.K.; Singh, Harinder
Advanced industrial and engineering polymer research,
October 2023, 2023-10-00, 2023-10-01, Letnik:
6, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In recent decades, demand for sustainable materials in place of low cost and high strength materials has been trigged globally, which has motivated researchers towards biocomposites/green composites. ...The PLA has been the most promising matrix material for suistanable biocomposites owing to its biodegradability, good availability, eco-friendliness, antibacterial property, and good mechanical and thermal properties. The PLA-based biocomposites are economical, full/partial biodegradable depends upon types of reinforcement, light in weight, and also offer good thermal and mechanical properties. A number of research works have been performed on PLA and its biocomposites to explore their potential for sustainable products. However, no comprehensive review with up-to-date research data on PLA and its biocomposites are reported so far. This fact motivated to summerize the reported studies on PLA and its biocomposites. The aim of present review is to highlight the current and past trends in the research of PLA and its biocomposites. This review article covers current and past efforts reported by researchers on the synthesis and sustainability of PLA, processing, characterization, applications and future scope of its biocomposites. This study observed that PLA-based composites are the most emerging materials that can replace existing non-biodegradable and non-renewable synthetic materials. The PLA-based biocomposites could be considered as the best source of sustainable products. PLA's mechanical and thermal properties can be enhanced by reinforcing the nano and micro sizes of natural fibers and cellulose.
ABSTRACT
Heart failure (HF) is not a single disease, but a rather clinical syndrome of varied etiology, pathogenesis, and different clinical presentation. This makes defining HF more difficult than ...diseases that have a pathologic gold standard for diagnosis, such as tuberculosis, malaria, and cancer. No textbook definition of HF till date appears to cover the whole spectrum of HF. To fill the gap, all international HF societies came up with a universal definition of HF, which was published in 2021. This definition has been recommended to be used in clinical practice as well as for trial purposes. In this document, I will review the limitations of older textbook definitions of HF and how the newer universal definition of HF has filled the gap in previous textbook definitions.
Halotolerant bacteria produce a wide range of bioactive compounds with important applications in agriculture for abiotic stress amelioration and plant growth promotion. In the present study, 17 ...biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were identified in
PHM11 belonging to saccharides, desmotamide, pseudaminic acid, dipeptide aldehydes, and terpene biosynthetic pathways representing approximately one-sixth of genomes. The terpene biosynthetic pathway was conserved in
spp. while the
PHM11 genome confirms the presence of the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) pathway for the isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) synthesis. Further, 2,877 signal peptides (SPs) were identified using the PrediSi server, out of which 592 proteins were prophesied for the secretion having a transmembrane helix (TMH). In addition, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were also identified using BAGEL4. The transcriptome analysis of PHM11 under salt stress reveals the differential expression of putative secretion and transporter genes having SPs and TMH. Priming of the rice, wheat and maize seeds with PHM11 under salt stress led to improvement in the root length, root diameters, surface area, number of links and forks, and shoot length. The study shows that the presence of BGCs, SPs, and secretion proteins constituting TMH and AMPs provides superior competitiveness in the environment and make
PHM11 a suitable candidate for plant growth promotion under salt stress.
Scattering media, such as diffused glass and biological tissue, are usually treated as obstacles in imaging. To cope with the random phase introduced by a turbid medium, most existing imaging ...techniques recourse to either phase compensation by optical means or phase recovery using iterative algorithms, and their applications are often limited to two-dimensional imaging. In contrast, we utilize the scattering medium as an unconventional imaging lens and exploit its lens-like properties for lensless three-dimensional (3D) imaging with diffraction-limited resolution. Our spatially incoherent lensless imaging technique is simple and capable of variable focusing with adjustable depths of focus that enables depth sensing of 3D objects that are concealed by the diffusing medium. Wide-field imaging with diffraction-limited resolution is verified experimentally by a single-shot recording of the 1951 USAF resolution test chart, and 3D imaging and depth sensing are demonstrated by shifting focus over axially separated objects.
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