Zusammenfassung
Der frühere Missbrauch von Kindern in der Ersatzfürsorge
ist ein wichtiges Thema der Politik geworden,
wie die Einrichtung von Untersuchungskommissionen,
offizielle Entschuldigungen ...und staatliche
Aufarbeitungsbemühungen zeigen. Menschen, die
als Kinder von ihren Geburtsfamilien getrennt und in
Pflegefamilien oder in Heimen Gewalt erfuhren, haben
in den letzten Jahren ihre Stimme erhoben und
ihre Rechte als Überlebende des Missbrauchs eingefordert.
Wie können wir aber Missbrauch und Gewalt
im Hinblick auf historische Zeiten definieren,
in denen Kinder nicht denselben Status wie heute
hatten? Dieser Aufsatz zeigt die Herausforderungen,
die mit dem Bemühen um eine Historisierung von
Gewalt und Missbrauch einhergehen, indem er darauf
verweist, welche unterschiedlichen Vorgehensweisen
im schwedischen Aufarbeitungsprozess von
Kindesmissbrauch gewählt wurden.
Jacob Knage Rasmussen (2021) ”Hvem troede de jeg var?” Når tidligere børne-hjemsbørn laeser deres journal – konflikter, håndteringsstrategier og potentialer. Institut for historie, Syddansk ...Universitet & Danmarks Forsorgsmuseum
The truth about abuse? Sköld, Johanna
History of education (Tavistock),
01/2016, Letnik:
45, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In recent decades, the history of childhood and history of education have gained status as political concerns through the establishment of numerous truth commissions and inquiries into historical ...institutional child abuse. This article discusses the methodological and ethical dilemmas that arise when writing the history of abused children with the objective of both recognising and redressing the victims as well as offering an account of 'what really happened'. Comparing how inquiry commissions in Ireland, Sweden and Denmark evaluate and approach victims' oral testimonies and written records from child welfare agencies, the article explores the acts of balancing between different epistemological approaches to the concept of 'truth'. The results suggest that while inquiries have to address and convince several audiences simultaneously, empiricist positivist methods of inquiry have dominated the approaches to 'truth'. However, this approach has not been without ambivalence, and there are examples of constructivist approaches as well.
Giving birth out of wedlock was associated for centuries with shame, economic burden, and secrecy. Unmarried pregnant women could escape stigma by travelling away from home and purchasing a ...confinement elsewhere. They could hide there when the pregnancy started to show, give birth, have their children adopted or sent to foster care, and then return home. This article explores the social economy of this stigma by investigating the market for anonymous births in Sweden through newspaper advertisements addressing unmarried pregnant women during the period 1905–1935. It shows that unmarried pregnant women risked exploitation when entering this market, in which private midwives, private maternity homes and individuals offering accommodation and employment were all operating.
Since the 1990s, an increasing number of inquiries into the history of children's out-of-home care have shown that child welfare sometimes failed to protect children. In this Special Issue, we ...explore how the Nordic countries have responded to allegations and scandals of historical child abuse within child welfare, and also how history matters in these political processes. We ask how Nordic societies have acknowledged past historical child abuse and how they aim to deal with its legacy. Attempts to redress, and provide compensation for, past failures are discussed in the context of transitional justice.
HISTORICAL JUSTICE THROUGH REDRESS SCHEMES? Sköld, Johanna; Sandin, Bengt; Schiratzki, Johanna
Scandinavian journal of history,
03/2020, Letnik:
45, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Swedish redress scheme intended for victims of historical child abuse in out-of-home care compensated only 46% of claimants who sought economic compensation for past harms. This article explores ...the reasons behind this comparatively low validation rate by investigating a) how the eligibility criteria of the Redress Act were evaluated by the Redress Board; and b) the justifications and underlying values used when applications were rejected with reference to the fact that reported abuse was not deemed to be sufficiently severe according to past standards. Victim capital, which determines how vulnerable or credible a victim is perceived to be by others, as well as competence and narration, are essential aspects for this type of legal proceeding. The article demonstrates that the claimants had to traverse a complicated web of criteria to be awarded compensation. The outcomes for claimants were affected by how the past was conceptualized in this legal setting, what competences the victims themselves possessed, what competence and resources the administrative system offered, and the extent to which the decision-making process fragmented victims' narratives.
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