Introduction: To estimate the procedure-related risks of pregnancy loss following chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis (AC) compared to pregnancies without procedure.
This cohort study ...enrolled all women who underwent CVS or AC at the Department of Perinatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia (from January 2013 to June 2015). For each group we obtained a maternal age and gestational age (11-14 weeks for CVS and >15 weeks for AC) for a matched control group without invasive procedures from the national database. The data was obtained from hospital records and telephone surveys concerning pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy loss rates in intervention vs. control groups were compared by generating relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval.
During the study period, 828 women underwent CVS and 2,164 women underwent AC. Complete outcome data was available in 2,798 cases (93.5%, 770 CVS, 2,028 AC). Pregnancy loss occurred in 8/770 (1.04%, 95% CI 0.4-2.0%) after CVS vs. 15/1130 (1.33%, 95% CI 0.8-2.2%) in matched control (RR 0.8, 95% CI 0.33-1.8, p=0.6). It occurred in 16/2028 (0.79%, 95% CI 0.5-1.3%) after AC vs. 14/395 (3.29%, 95% CI 2.1-5.8%) in matched control (RR 0.2, 95% CI 0.11-0.45, p<0.0001).
The pregnancy loss rates after CVS and AC were comparable to losses in pregnancies without these procedures. With the increasing use of non-invasive prenatal testing, information that the invasive procedures are safe when indicated is essential.
Uvod: Leta 2013 mineva 60 let od izolacije virusa klopnega meningoencefalitisa (KME) v Sloveniji. Od takrat se slovenski infektologi, epidemiologi, virologi in drugi strokovnjaki strokovno in ...znanstvenoraziskovalno ukvarjajo s proučevanjem KME.
Ob jubileju so s historiografskimi metodami analizirali objave skozi ta čas in pripravili retrospektivno študijo pojavljanja te bolezni pri nas.
V nekaterih delih Slovenije se je v letih po drugi svetovni vojni začela pojavljati bolezen osrednjega živčevja, ki je do tedaj niso poznali. Leta 1953 so Milko Bedjanič in Slava Rus, oba infektologa, ter virologinja Jelka Vesenjak Zmijanac z osamitvijo virusa iz krvi bolnice dokazali, da je ta bolezen KME. Virologi so v naslednjih letih proučevali povzročitelja KME; številni epidemiologi so raziskovali njegove epidemiološke značilnost, entomologi in ornitologi ekosisteme arbovirusnih okužb, infektologi klinične in laboratorijske značilnosti okužb in potek okužb ter morebitne posledice bolezni. Mikrobiologi so izpopolnjevali možnosti diagnostike te okužbe. Razvili so tudi uspešno cepivo in zakonsko so določene skupine, ki se morajo obvezno cepiti.
Bolezen se je pri Slovencih ustalila kot endemski tip KME, ki jo kliniki sicer dobro obvladujejo, a je skupen trud epidemiologov in javnega zdravja usmerjen v zvišanje precepljenosti proti KME, saj je v Sloveniji ta odstotek zelo nizek in se bolezen še vedno prekomerno pojavlja.
Introduction: In the year 2013, we are celebrating the 60th anniversary of the isolation of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE) in Slovenia. Ever since its isolation, Slovenian infectologists, epidemiologists, virologists and other experts have been researching this disease.
For this anniversary, we have historiographically analysed all qualified articles from this period and prepared a retrospective study of the appearance of the disease in Slovenia.
In certain parts of Slovenia, in the years following the Second World War, there was an increased presence of previously unknown diseases of the central nervous system. In 1953, Milko Bedjanič, Slava Rus and Jelka Vesenjak Zmijanac isolated a virus in the blood and thereby proved that the disease was indeed TBE. In the years that followed, virologists studied the cause of TBE, many epidemiologists researched its epidemic characteristics, entomologists and ornithologists studied the ecosystems of arboviral infections and infectologists studied the clinical and laboratory features of infections and the course of the disease as well as its possible consequences. Microbiologists perfected the technique of diagnosing this infection. They developed a vaccine and selected the groups that were legally obliged to be vaccinated.
the disease has stabilised as an endemic type of TBE that clinicians can control, but the common effort of epidemiologists and the public health service directed towards vaccinating people against this disease has not been very successful and the disease is still too common.
Nuclear medicine began to be developed in the USA after 1938 when radionuclides were introduced into medicine and in Europe after radionuclides began to be produced at the Harwell reactor (England, ...1947). Slovenia began its first investigations in the 1950s. This article describes the development of nuclear medicine in Slovenia and Ljubljana. The first nuclear medicine interventions were performed in Slovenia at the Internal Clinic in Ljubljana in the period 1954-1959. In 1954, Dr Jože Satler started using radioactive iodine for thyroid investigations. In the same year, Dr Bojan Varl, who is considered the pioneer of nuclear medicine in Slovenia, began systematically introducing nuclear medicine. The first radioisotope laboratories were established in January 1960 at the Institute of Oncology and at the Internal Clinic. Under the direction of Dr. Varl, the laboratory at the Internal Clinic developed gradually and in 1973 became the Clinic for Nuclear Medicine with departments for in vivo and in vitro diagnostics and for the treatment of inpatients and outpatients at the thyroid department. The Clinic for Nuclear Medicine became a teaching unit of the Medical Faculty and developed its own post-graduate programme - the first student enrolled in 1972. In the 1960s, radioisotope laboratories opened in the general hospitals of Slovenj Gradec and Celje, and in the 1970s also in Maribor, Izola and Šempeter pri Novi Gorici.
Nowadays, nuclear medicine units are modernly equipped and the staff is trained in morphological, functional and laboratory diagnostics in clinical medicine. They also work on the treatment of cancer, increased thyroid function and other diseases.
Izvleček
Uvod: Leta 2013 mineva 60 let od izolacije virusa klopnega meningoencefalitisa (KME) v Sloveniji. Od takrat se slovenski infektologi, epidemiologi, virologi in drugi strokovnjaki strokovno ...in znanstvenoraziskovalno ukvarjajo s proučevanjem KME.
Metode:
Ob jubileju so s historiografskimi metodami analizirali objave skozi ta čas in pripravili retrospektivno študijo pojavljanja te bolezni pri nas.
Rezultati:
V nekaterih delih Slovenije se je v letih po drugi svetovni vojni začela pojavljati bolezen osrednjega živčevja, ki je do tedaj niso poznali. Leta 1953 so Milko Bedjanič in Slava Rus, oba infektologa, ter virologinja Jelka Vesenjak Zmijanac z osamitvijo virusa iz krvi bolnice dokazali, da je ta bolezen KME. Virologi so v naslednjih letih proučevali povzročitelja KME; številni epidemiologi so raziskovali njegove epidemiološke značilnost, entomologi in ornitologi ekosisteme arbovirusnih okužb, infektologi klinične in laboratorijske značilnosti okužb in potek okužb ter morebitne posledice bolezni. Mikrobiologi so izpopolnjevali možnosti diagnostike te okužbe. Razvili so tudi uspešno cepivo in zakonsko so določene skupine, ki se morajo obvezno cepiti.
Zaključki:
Bolezen se je pri Slovencih ustalila kot endemski tip KME, ki jo kliniki sicer dobro obvladujejo, a je skupen trud epidemiologov in javnega zdravja usmerjen v zvišanje precepljenosti proti KME, saj je v Sloveniji ta odstotek zelo nizek in se bolezen še vedno prekomerno pojavlja.
Ortopedija se u Sloveniji počela razvijati nakon Prvoga svjetskog rata s pojavom velikog broja ratnih invalida. Dr. Anton Brecelj, koji je 1919. postavio temelje invalidskoj skrbi, motivirao je ...češkog liječnika dr. Franca Minařa da specializira ortopediju te je po povratku sa specijalizacije 1923., u okviru Kirurškog odjela ljubljanske bolnice otvorio ortopedski pododjel. Poslije mu se pridružio dr. Brecelj koji je 1937. preuzeo vodstvo odjela. Nakon 1945., kada je bio ostvaren kompletan Medicinski fakultet u Ljubljani, ortopedija je postala samostalna specijalizacija. Osnovane su Katedra za ortopediju i fizikalnu medicinu te Ortopedska klinika. Uz razvoj struke i klinike, liječnici Ortopedske klinike sudjelovali su i u otvaranju drugih slovenskih ortopedskih ustanova: Bolnice za koštanu tuberkulozu u Valdoltri 1946., koja će postati najveća ortopedska bolnica u Sloveniji, te brojnih specijaliziranih ambulanti i ortopedskih odjela u drugim slovenskim gradovima. Uz to, nastali su i Škola za fizioterapeute i Zavod za rehabilitaciju invalida u Ljubljani, Dom za invalidnu mladež u Kamniku te Lječilište i rehabilitacijski centar u Laškom. Godine 2011. ortopedija u Sloveniji raspolaže s oko 600 postelja i brojnim ambulantama. Ortopedijom se bavi oko 75 specijalista koji godišnje liječe oko 50.000 pacijenata
In Slovenia, orthopaedics started to develop at the end of WWI, when the number of the handicapped increased. Dr Anton Brecelj, who in 1919 laid the groundwork for the welfare of handicapped and sent ...a Czech doctor Franc Minař to specialise in orthopaedic surgery. When Minař returned to Ljubljana in 1923, he established an orthopaedic unit within surgery and in 1937 took over its management. Orthopaedics developed very quickly after 1945, when Ljubljana University set up a School of Medicine, a Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine within the School, and Orthopaedic Clinic of the University Hospital. Orthopaedic surgeons from Ljubljana participated in the establishment of a hospital for osteoarticular tuberculosis in Valdoltra, (which later became the largest orthopaedic hospital in Slovenia), specialised clinics and orthopaedic hospital departments throughout Slovenia, schools for physiotherapists in Ljubljana, the Slovenian Rehabilitation Institute - Soča, the Home for Disabled Children in Kamnik, and the spa and rehabilitation centre in Laško. In 2011, orthopaedics in Slovenia holds 600 hospital beds and has about 75 orthopaedic surgeons who annually treat around 50,000 patients.
Heart surgeon Miro Košak was a pioneer of modern cardiovascular surgery in Slovenia; in 1958, he performed the first open-heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation, in 1965, the first ...implantation of heart valve and pacemaker, and in 1971, the first bypass on coronary arteries. He also paved the way for heart transplantations that followed.
The beginnings of Slovenian cardiac surgery reach back to 1958, when the first heart surgery using extracorporeal circulation (ECC) was performed. The 50th anniversary of this event was the impetus ...for reviewing its developmental path.
History of medicine methodology, including analysis of archival materials, documents, and various publications of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Slovenia.
Presentation of the development of Slovenian cardiac surgery from 1958 to 2008.
Small countries may not be able to contribute great developmental steps to world cardiac surgery, but the work of individuals from these countries can represent a contribution to the development of the discipline.
The beginnings of the hospital reach back to the discovery of a thermal spring in the sixteenth century, which became a public bath and eventually a spa in 1838. In 1919, the government of the ...Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes purchased the premises and converted the spa into a tuberculosis sanatorium. The institution prospered rapidly and began to expand. During its heyday, it included around thirty buildings with 300 hospital beds. In addition to climatic and dietary therapy, surgical treatment was also practiced and, following the discovery of antibiotics, tuberculosis was largely contained by the mid 1960s. The leading physicians who fought against tuberculosis were Otto Haus, Karel Lusicky, Vaso Savić, Mirko Karlin, and Josip Otahal. The post-tuberculosis period was characterised by a search for a new mission; new connections were formed with the hospital in Celje (in 1970) and the Velenje health centre (in 1976). Since 1993, the institution has operated as an independent pulmonary and internal medicine hospital in the Salek Valley.
Kardiokirurg Miro Košak bio je pionir slovenske kardiovaskularne kirurgije, zaslužan za uvođenje najznačajnijih dostignuća iz moderne kardiovaskularne kirurgije u operacijsku praksu: 1958. izveo je ...prvu operaciju na otvorenom srcu primjenom izvantjelesne cirkulacije,
1965. prvu implantaciju srčanog zaliska i srčanika, a 1971. prvi je postavio premosnicu na koronarne arterije te otvorio put za prvu transplantaciju srca.
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