The Scandinavian region is home to a unique biome with endemic plant species. The aim of this study was to explore this natural diversity and identify plant extracts providing positive skin barrier ...effects. Six plant extracts were identified as starting material. Following biochemical screening, two candidates outperformed the rest:
(BA) and
(EN). Quantitative PCR analysis showed that BA and EN upregulated barrier genes, when used individually and in combination.
increased AQP3 and OCLN protein expression, something niacinamide was incapable of. Additionally, the skin barrier was strengthened, evidenced by inhibition of KLK5 and hyaluronidase and showed strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity through DPPH and COX2 inhibition, respectively. A first split-face clinical study was conducted using the combination of extracts versus placebo. There was a significantly better skin restructuring effect and corneocyte cohesion on the side treated with combined extracts. A second split-face clinical study assessed the combined extracts versus 3% niacinamide. Significant variations in skin hydration and TEWL were observed in favor of the extract treated side. In conclusion, we identified a natural alternative to niacinamide for improving skin barrier health, in Scandinavian plant extracts, which yield strong performance, but at a lower concentration.
U radu se prezentiraju i propituju tehnološke, kulturološke, sociološke, filozofske i psihološke značajke ljudskog staništa kroz analizu gradova kao ključnih protagonista narativa ...znanstvenofantastičnih filmova. Gradovi se u tom žanru mogu podijeliti po svojim dominantnim obilježjima na metropolise, degenerativne gradove, regresivne gradove, gradove-strojeve i virtualni prostor. Znanstvenofantastièni filmovi vrijedan su izvor razumijevanja, kritike i inspiracije suvremenoga društva i grada.
This paper explores the technological, cultural, sociological, philosophical and psychological features of a human habitat through an analysis of cities as key science fiction movie protagonists. Cities in this genre fall into several categories depending on their predominant characteristics: the metropolis, degenerative city, regressive city, city-machine and virtual space. Sci-fi movies are a valuable source of understanding, criticism and inspiration for contemporary society and the city.
New regimens are constantly being pursued in cancer treatment, especially in the context of treatment-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are assumed to be involved in cancer recurrence. Here, we ...investigated the anti-cancer activity of sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) isolated from Ambrosia arborescens and of synthetic derivatives in breast cancer cell lines, with a specific focus on activity against CSCs. The breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, JIMT-1, and HCC1937 and the normal-like breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A were treated with the SLs damsin and coronopilin, isolated from A. arborescens, and with ambrosin and dindol-01, synthesized using damsin. Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values were obtained from dose-response curves. Based on IC50 values, doses in the μM range were used for investigating effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle phase distribution, cell death, micronuclei formation, and cell migration. Western blot analysis was used to investigate proteins involved in cell cycle regulation as well as in the NF-κB pathway since SLs have been shown to inhibit this transcription factor. Specific CSC effects were investigated using three CSC assays. All compounds inhibited cell proliferation; however, damsin and ambrosin were toxic at single-digit micromolar ranges, while higher concentrations were required for coronopilin and dindol-01. Of the four cell lines, the compounds had the least effect on the normal-like MCF-10A cells. The inhibition of cell proliferation can partly be explained by downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2. All compounds inhibited tumour necrosis factor-α-induced translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Damsin and ambrosin treatment increased the number of micronuclei; moreover, another sign of DNA damage was the increased level of p53. Treatment with damsin and ambrosin decreased the CSC subpopulation and inhibited cell migration. Our results suggest that these compounds should be further investigated to find efficient CSC-inhibiting compounds.
Both UVB irradiation and air pollution are major extrinsic factors causing premature aging of the skin, including sagging, wrinkles, and pigmentation spots. Naringenin, a naturally occurring ...flavanone, found in citrus fruits, and known for its good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, was investigated for protective effects in human skin cells and reconstructed epidermis. The results showed that naringenin inhibits UVB-induced inflammation markers MMP1, MMP3, IL6, and GM-CSF, as well as pollution-induced MMP1 in human skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, naringenin inhibited the pollution-induced expression of the CYP1A1 gene in human skin keratinocytes. In melanocytes and pigmented reconstructed epidermis, naringenin significantly downregulated several genes involved in melanogenesis, such as MITF, MLPH, and MYO5A. Additionally topical treatment with naringenin on pigmented reconstructed epidermis significantly decreased melanin production. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that naringenin could be a valuable ingredient in skincare products, protecting against the detrimental effects of both UVB and pollution on the skin.
Arhetipovi u suvremenoj arhitekturi groblja Smiljanić, Sandra; Mlinar, Ivan; Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci, Bojana
Prostor (Zagreb, Croatia),
06/2014, Letnik:
22, Številka:
1 (47)
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Arhetip se kao odraz kolektivnog nesvjesnog materijalizira u simbol kroz koji dopire u područje svjesnog. Iako ukorijenjen u prošlosti, on uzrokuje snažan kreativan naboj koji se u arhitekturi ...groblja očituje u reinterpretaciji mitoloških slika i simbola. Bezvremenost arhetipa omogućuje kontinuitet i uspješnost višeslojne komunikacije, koja je prisutna i u analiziranim primjerima suvremene arhitekture groblja.
This paper explores the technological, cultural, sociological, philosophical and psychological features of a human habitat through an analysis of cities as key science fiction movie protagonists. ...Cities in this genre fall into several categories depending on their predominant characteristics: the metropolis, degenerative city, regressive city, city-machine and virtual space. Sci-fi movies are a valuable source of understanding, criticism and inspiration for contemporary society and the city. MOVIE CITY VISIONS OF CITIES SCIENCE FICTION SCIENCE FICTION MOVIES U radu se prezentiraju i propituju tehnoloske, kulturoloske, socioloske, filozofske i psiholoske znaeajke ljudskog stanista kroz analizu gradova kao kljuenih protagonista narativa znanstvenofantastienih filmova. Gradovi se u tom zanru mogu podijeliti po svojim dominantnim obiljezjima na metropolise, degenerativne gradove, regresivne gradove, gradove-strojeve i virtualni prostor. Znanstvenofantastieni filmovi vrijedan su izvor razumijevanja, kritike i inspiracije suvremenoga drustva i grada. FILM GRAD VIZIJE GRADOVA ZNANSTVENA FANTASTIKA ZNANSTVENOFANTASTICNI FILMOVI
Background
High demand on anti‐aging skin care encourage the improvement and development of more personalized formulations with additional benefits for general skin health and age associated skin ...signs. The skin aging physical and biological phenotypes manifest differently between diverse ethnic populations. A highly polluted environment can be viewed as an extrinsic factor accelerating the skin aging process.
Aim
To develop a unique formula with active complexes, having multifunctional effects for anti‐pollution, brightening and anti‐aging/barrier strengthening purposes with confirmed activities in vitro and ex vivo skin models, suitable for polluted skin.
Methods
In vitro culture model with primary human skin cells, ex vivo studies with full‐thickness human skin, melanocyte 3D coculture model, gene expression of epidermal and dermal genes, anti‐glycation, proteasomal activity, melanin, and cytokine assays.
Results
In vitro and ex vivo studies clearly demonstrated that diglucosyl gallic acid (active A) and the formulation complex inhibited pollution mediated MMP1 protein, CYP1A1 gene expression, and IL‐6 protein secretion, while caprylic/capric triglyceride, diacetyl boldine (active B) had anti‐melanogenic effect in in vitro primary melanocyte monoculture and 3D spheroid model. Another active compound, acetyl dipeptide 1 cetyl ester (active D), significantly upregulated epidermal barrier genes (Aquaporin 3 AQP3, Filaggrin FLG, caspase 14, and keratin 10) in human primary keratinocytes. Interestingly, both acetyl dipeptide 1 cetyl ester (active D) and niacinamide (active C) improved dermal gene expression (fibrillin‐1, Collagen type 1 alpha 1, Decorin, Lysyl oxidase‐like 1) and, moreover, had significant anti‐glycant and proteasomal promoter activity in human primary fibroblasts.
Conclusion
Considering consumers need in heavily polluted areas, we developed a multipurpose formulation comprised of unique active complexes toward pollution, pollution induced inflammation, skin brightening, and antiaging concerns with beneficial results demonstrated by in vitro and ex vivo studies.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be of particular concern in cancer as they possess inherent properties of self-renewal and differentiation, along with expressing certain genes related to a ...mesenchymal phenotype. These features favour the promotion of tumour recurrence and metastasis in cancer patients. Thus, the optimal chemotherapeutic treatment should target the CSC population, either by killing these cells and/or by inducing their transition to a more differentiated epithelial-like phenotype. Experiments were carried out on the trastuzumab-resistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer cell line JIMT-1 to unravel the chemotherapeutic effects of the polyamine analogue 1N,12Nbis(ethyl)-cis-6,7-dehydrospermine (PG11047) and of the polyamine biosynthetic inhibitor 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on the CD44+CD24- CSC population. Furthermore, effects on the properties of self-renewal and epithelial/mesenchymal markers were also investigated. Treatment with PG11047 reduced the CD44+CD24- subpopulation of JIMT-1 cells by approximately 50%, inhibited and/or reduced self-renewal capability of the CSC population, decreased cell motility and induced expression of mesenchymal to epithelial transition-associated proteins that are involved in promoting an epithelial phenotype. By contrast, DFMO slightly increased the CD44+CD24- subpopulation, increased cell motility and the level of mesenchymal-related proteins. DFMO treatment reduced the self-renewal capability of the CSC population. Both PG11047 and DFMO reduced the expression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein, which is correlated to malignancy and resistance to trastuzumab in JIMT-1 cells. Our findings indicate that treatment with PG11047 targeted the CSC population by interfering with several stem cell-related properties, such as self-renewal, differentiation, motility and the mesenchymal phenotype.
An archetype as a reflection of the collective unconscious can materialize as a symbol which acts upon the conscious mind. Although rooted in the past, it fuels architects' creativity in the ...reinterpretation of images from mythology and symbolism. This timeless aspect of archetypes provides continuity and success in a multilayered communication that can be found in the analyzed examples of modern cemetery architecture. ARCHETYPE ARCHITECTURE CEMETERY ARCHITECTURE CEMETERY Arhetip se kao odraz kolektivnog nesvjesnog materijalizira u simbol kroz koji dopire u podrueje svjesnog. Iako ukorijenjen u proslosti, on uzrokuje snazan kreativan naboj koji se u arhitekturi groblja oeituje u reinterpretaciji mitoloskih slika i simbola. Bezvremenost arhetipa omogucuje kontinuitet i uspjesnost viseslojne komunikacije, koja je prisutna i u analiziranim primjerima suvremene arhitekture groblja. ARHETIP ARHITEKTURA ARHITEKTURA GROBLJA GROBLJE
This research examines the relationship between unpaid care work, financial well-being, and stress levels among women during the COVID 19 pandemic. The pandemic caused downturns in the economies of ...countries around the world and led to uncertainties and changes that created conditions for increased stress levels and consequently impaired well-being. In addition to social distancing and lock-down as measures to cope with the virus, working from home, home schooling, caring for sick and older family members, and financial problems have added burdens and have proven to be additional personal and family stressors. The findings are based on an online survey conducted among women during the second lock-down in Croatia. Additional unpaid care work and lower financial well-being affect the increased stress felt by women during the pandemic. This is especially pronounced among women who are more involved in paid work. During the pandemic, additional unpaid care work, increased involvement in paid work, and jeopardized financial well-being were found to be stressors for women. Our results clearly indicate the importance of women's free time for their own and their families' well-being.
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